• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2011

Sedative method and its effect are affected by diverse variables: dosage and intake method of drug, weight, gender, patient compliance, sleeping hours prior to procedure, treatment hours, health status, type of used drugs are the factors. This study is conducted with empirical observation that shorter the sleeping hours before the day of chloral hydrate sedation, the effectiveness is larger; and therefore to actually recognize the correlation between chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine sedation and sleeping hours of child patient prior to sedation. The subjects were those children whose sleeping hours were similar to each other at the ages ranging from 2 to 5 years old totaling 37 children. Total 11 of them received pulp treatment. Sedative effect was evaluated by the same assessor with Houpt's rating scale. Sedative effect in relation with prior day's sleeping hours evaluated with simple regression analysis. Sedative effect in relation with pulp treatment was analyzed with independent t-test. Sleeping hours prior to sedation and sedation effect have negative correlation. No significant correlation is found between pulp treatment and sedation effect(p>0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.422-431
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• 2002

Because of the gap between the cognitive levels of the students and the curricular materials for the students to understand, the secondary school students feel science difficult and they get to avoid science as they go up to the higher grade. So it is absolutely needed to take the active measures to improve the cognitive development of the students through some special programs stimulating their cognitive process. This study investigated the effects of thinking science activity program devised for cognitive acceleration of the students. After implementing thinking science program to 181 7th grade students, the effectiveness of this program was examined through the analysis of covariance of both experimental and control groups. The result of the study showed that the cognitive level of the students in experiment group dealt with thinking science program was more accelerated than that of the students in control group who were just taught regular science curriculum. Especially, the effect was clear to the students in stages 1 and 2B. It was also found that the percentage of the students who promoted from concrete operational stage to formal operational stage was higher in experimental group than in control group. The results of the study implied that cognitive acceleration of the students might be possible through the specially designed materials such as thinking science program.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1979.05a
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• pp.5.2-6
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• 1979

It is clinically well-known observation that Nasal packing is associated with the eustachian tube dysfunction, and this study seldom appeared in the literature. In our country, Nasal Surgery requiring Nasal packing is still the most frequent operation in the field of otorhinolaryngology and it is our interest to study this effects of Nasal packing on the eustachian tube function. Using tympanometry, we experienced eustachian tube dysfunction in 40 patients (80 ears) with anterior packing due to Nasal Surgery and epistaxis and in 13 patients (26 ears) with anterior packing and posterior packing due to epistaxis. The results were as fllows; 1) Thirty of the 80 ears (37%) in the patients with anterior packing revealed reduction in middle ear pressure, of which 16 ears (20%) demonstrated negative middle ear pressure of greater than 100mm H20. 2) Fifteen of the 26 ears (50.7%) in the patients with posterior packing revealed reduction in middle ear pressure, of which 11 ears (42.3%) demonstrated negative middle ear pressure of greater than l00mm H20. 3) Posterior packing is associated with a greater incidence of eustachian tube dysfunction than anterior packing. 4) The eustachian tube dysfunction associated with Nasal packing is temporary and this function is returned to normal within 2 to 9 days after removal of the packing.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 1988

Korean frogs (R. dybowskii and R. nigromaculara) were collected from chonnam area and their oocyte maturation was induced by using in ultro follicle culture system. Follicles were isolated from the frog ovary and cultured for 24 hr in (amphibian Ringer's soluion AR) at 22 C in the presence or absence of hormones. Follicular cocytes of R. dybowskii were induced to mature (germinal vesicle breakdown, GVBD) by the presence of progesterone, 0.1 $\mu$g/2 ml and that of R. nigromaculata by 1 $\mu$g/2 ml of progesterone. Follicles of the frogs were also responded to (frog pituitary homogenate FPH) in terms of their cocyte maturation. Follicular cocytes of R. dybowskii were induced to mature by FPH at concentration of 0.01 pituitary equivalent/2 ml and that of R.nigromaculata at 0.1 pit equiv./2 ml. The culture time required for the maturation of bath frog follicles was 915 hr. The responsiveness of the follicles of korean frogs to hormones (progesterone or FPH) was nearly the same as that of R. pipiens which are most commonly used amphibians. Particularly, follicular cocytes of R. dybowskii used from February matured spontaneously without stimulation of hormones during in vitro culture. Furthermore, those cocytes were spontaneous- ly ovulted when the ovarian fragments were cultured in a flask.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.1522-1534
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• 2015

This work presents a new method that can predict, without the use of training data, whether an input essay is written on a given topic. ConceptNet is a common-sense knowledge base that is generated automatically from sentences that are extracted from a variety of document types. An essay prompt is the topic that an essay should be written about. The method that is proposed in this paper uses ConceptNet and an essay prompt to decide whether or not an input essay is off-topic. We introduce a way to find the shortest path between two nodes on ConceptNet, as well as a way to calculate the semantic similarity between two nodes. Not only an essay prompt but also a student's essay can be represented by concept nodes in ConceptNet. The semantic similarity between the concepts that represent an essay prompt and the other concepts that represent a student's essay can be used for a calculation to rank "on-topicness" ; if a low ranking is derived, an essay is regarded as off-topic. We used eight different essay prompts and a student-essay collection for the performance evaluation, whereby our proposed method shows a performance that is better than those of the previous studies. As ConceptNet enables the conduction of a simple text inference, our new method looks very promising with respect to the design of an essay prompt for which a simple inference is required.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 1977

Three kinds of selection indexes were calculated and compared for effectiveness in selecting best performing hybrids from yield trial of corn. The following four characters were used in calculating indexes; yield, moisture content, and root and stalk lodging. 1. Among three indexes calculated, William's base index was more simple in calculation and more efficient in selection of a hybrid than other indexes. 2. Pesek and Baker's estimated index was considered less effective in this test, because of low estimation of genetic variance and covariances of characters from the limited materials and years of experiment. 3. Index calculated according to the Purdue University method (1976) was least effective, even though calculation was simple and easy. The less effectiveness of the index was due to the fact that equal importance of characters were given to each character without considering the differences in economic weight of each character. 4. Equations for expressing moisture content and root and stalk lodging in terms of market price were formulated and they were as follow : 1) Moisture content : $(Y-15.5){\times}$0.0065{\times}bushels/acre$, where Y was the average moisture content of a hybrid at the time harvest. The $0.0065 was the expenses required for removing one per cent of moisture from a bushel of shelled corn in 1976. 2) Root and stalk lodging:$Percent\;lodging{\times}price/Bu.{\div}50{\div}average$ yield of all entries in the test.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2000

The superstructure of general bridge like slab bridge and slab on girder bridge is composed of elastically supported isotropic plate. The objective of this study is to develop the new analysis method for elastically supported plate with general edge beam or girder(boundaries) under arbitrary out of plane loading. The displacement solutions for the macro-element of plate and beam are obtained by solving for the unknown interactive forces and moments at the beam or nodal line locations after satisfying equilibrium equation along the nodal line. The displacement functions for macro-elements ate proposed in single Fourier series using harmonic analysis, and the equilibrium equations of nodal line are composed by using slope-deflection method. The proposed analysis method is programmed by MS-Fortran and can be applied to all types of isotropic decks with bridge-type boundaries. Numerical examples involving elastically supported plates with various aspect ratio, loading cases, and bridge-type boundary conditions are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of this program. The major advantage of this new analysis method is the development of a simple solution algorithm, leads to obtain rapidly responses of bridge deck system. This proposed method can be used in parametric study of behavior of bridge decks.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.405-412
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• 2015

Forty schools having natural turf playgrounds were investigated by on-spot investigation and oral interviews with relevant school officials to find out basic information on turfgrass management practices of school playgrounds in Gyeonggi province. Average area of playground was $3,890m^2$ per school and $12m^2$ per student. Ninety five percent of turf playgrounds were managed by school staff and ninety percent of schools spent less than 5 million won per year for turf management. The difficulties in turfgrass management were considered as a major challenge for the schools, followed by turfgrass management cost. Among the management practices, school officials pointed out weed management as the most difficult work, followed by irrigation. The average number of fertilization and mowing was 2 and 6 times per year, respectively. About the half of playgrounds were irrigated only when there was wilting symptom. Zoysiagrass was the most popular choice for the school playgrounds and only three school playgrounds were established with pop-up irrigation system. Fourteen school playgrounds had good turf quality but the rest of school playgrounds had inadequate turf quality requiring minor or full renovation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.297-300
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• 2001

Development and reproduction of the persimmon fruit moth, Stathmopoda masinissa, were investigated under different temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 3$0^{\circ}C$). It took 96.1 days to grow from egg to adult at 2$0^{\circ}C$, 43.2 days at $25^{\circ}C$, and 34.6 days at 3$0^{\circ}C$. At 15$^{\circ}C$, all tested individuals died before pupation. The developmental threshold temperatures for egg, larva, pupa, and adult were 12.2, 13.5, 13.8, and 13.4$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The total effective temperatures for egg, larva, pupa, and egg to adult were 74.0, 331.3, 160.5, and 569.9 degree days, respectively. The hatching, pupation, and emergence rates were highest at $25^{\circ}C$. The average life span of adult prior to laying eggs and the total life span of adult were 12.6 and 29.3 days at 2$0^{\circ}C$, 3.8 and 8.6 days at $25^{\circ}C$, and 2.5 and 7.0 days at 3$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. Mean generation time in days (T) was shorter at higher temperature. Net reproductive rate per generation (R$_{o}$) was lowest at 2$0^{\circ}C$. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r$_{m}$) was highest at $25^{\circ}C$ as 0.066.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-74
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• 1998

Recently. the interest in Physical distribution has increased in economic geography This paper aims to review and prospect the internatonal physical distribution studies of international trade and international freight flows. And it has examined the changes in methodology of international physical distribution. Author has defined international physical distribution as the physical distribution of international trade and international freight flow The results are as follows : (1) As the methodology of international physical distribution studies developes, the physical distribution should be recognized not only as transportation phenomenon but also as total logistics which is understood as the combination of production and consumption including information flow. (2) The studies about model of international physical distribution flow ill need to study regional relations including urban, in the future. And economic geography and location theory adding culture and behaviour elements will be restructured, because not only state but also multinational corporation appear as trade subject in global economy. (3) The studies for the relation of habor and its hinterland in Physical distribution need to analyze the factors causing habor use with decision-making behaviour of corporation. (4) After oil crisis. as air freight is important, the studies for hinterland and foreland of freight centering international airport are needed because of necessity of light and small freight. flexible Production system, free trade, and high speed freight transportation of freshing food and flowers and so forth.