• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.241-253
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• 1990

331 patients of stage IIb uterine cervix cancer trated by radiation alone at Kosin Medical Center between June 1980 and Dec. 1985 were analysed to determine parameters of radiotherapy associated to disease states. Survival rate was highest among the reported ($82.8{\%}$ for crude and $82.4{\%}$ for disease free survival). Pelvic control rate in 6 weeks after the end of radiotherapy was $93.6{\%}$ in the patients treated with ICR following total pelvic radiation and $71.6{\%}$ with small field additional external irradiation. 5 year survival rate in those who achieved pelvic control was $98.9{\%}$ and $12.9{\%}$ in those who had pelvic failure and/or metastasis after radiation. The survival rate figured maximal $88.5{\%}$ with dosage of $7500{\~}8500$ cGy to point A with acceptable incidence of complications ($4.9{\%}$) but without increasing survival above it and minimal $74.1{\%}$ with dosage of less than 6500 cGy. The treatment failure was counted $18.7{\%}$ (62 of 331 patients): Local failure $72.6{\%}$ (45 of 62 patients), locoregional failure $3.2{\%}$ (2 of 62 patients) and distant failure $24{\%}$ (15 of 62 patients). Late complications were found in 50 patients ($15.1{\%}$) and $42{\%}$ of them was rectal bleeding and stenosis. The dose of 8500 cGy to point A was found to be critical for complication and $70{\%}$ of complications occurred above it and was more serious one such as fistula. Rectal complications were developed above rectal dose 6500 cGy and bladder complication above bladder dose 7500 cGy. Major cause of death was cachexia due to locoregional failure ($73.7{\%}$ of death), next was due to metastasis to lung, liver and bone, and only 3 patients died of complication of intestinal perforations and obstruction. In conclusion higher external radiation dose for a bulky uterine cervix and barrel shaped uterus was essential for local control.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.705-711
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• 2002

The advantages of mitral valve reconstruction have been well established and so mitral valve reconstruction is now considered as the procedure of choice to correct mitral valve disease. This is the report of intermediate-term results of 38 cases that performed mitral valve reconstruction for valve insufficiency(the total number of mitral valve reconstruction were 49 cases, but 11 cases that performed mitral valve replacement due to incomplete reconstruction were excluded). Material and Method : From March 1991 to March 2001, 38 patients underwent mitral valve repair due to mitral valve regurgitation with or without stenosis. Mean age was 47.6$\pm$14.7 years(range 15 to 70 years) : 11 were men and 27 were women. The causes of mitral valve regurgitation were degenerative in 14, rheumatic in 21, infective in 2 and the other was congenital. Result : According to the Carpentier's pathologic classification of mitral valve regurgitation, 3 were type 1 , 16 were type II and 19 were type III. Surgical procedures were annuloplasty 15, commissurotomy 19, leaflet resection and annular plication 9, chordae shortening 11, chordae transfer 5, new chordae formation 2, papillary muscle splitting 2 and vegetectomy 2. These procedures were combined in most patients. There were 2 early death and the causes of death were respiratory failure, renal failure and sepsis. There was no late death. Valve replacement was done in 6 patients after repair due to valve insufficiency or stenosis 3 weeks, 1, 3, 51, 69, 84months later respectively. These patients have been followed up from 1 to 116 months(mean 43.0 months). The mean functional class(NYHA) was 2.36 pre-operatively and improved to 1.70. Conclusion : In most cases of mitral valve regurgitation, mitral valve reconstruction when technically feasible is effective operation that can achieve stable functional results and low surgical and late mortality.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.27
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• pp.51-78
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• 2012

The types of cartoon market are classified with publishing cartoon(a cartoon magazine & comics) and webtoon. The revitalization of the cartoon market makes cartoonist create many cartoons. By studying many methods for the revitalization of the cartoon market, this paper argues the expanded methods of comics market which is a sort of publishing cartoon market. The expanded methods of comics market are two kinds, one is the revitalization of the comics market and the other is the creation of the comics market. This paper focuses on Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoon in order to extend the cartoon market. Also, After studying the Creation Proceed of cartoon market through Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoon, we would like to develope the New Creation Model of Cartoon Market. We selected three case(the Real Estate Agency expressed as Cartoon, Let's find an answer in sided figure blank, miraculous English grammar) for this study. With this, we analyzed the case that the matters for analysis is the essential particulars of plan-publishing-distribution's proceed. As a result, we found out the possibility of new cartoon market's creation through Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoon. For that reason, we was able to develop 'the New Creation Model of Cartoon Market through Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoon'. This paper provides the possibility about the New Creation Model of Cartoon Market through Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoon. With this, we will make many plans for creation of Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoons. Therefore, This plans will help cartoonists to create the Genre-mixed cartoons.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.262-276
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• 2018

Models to predict Leaf Wetness Duration (LWD) were evaluated using the observed meteorological and dew data at the 11 citrus orchards in Jeju, South Korea from 2016 to 2017. The sensitivity and the prediction accuracy were evaluated with four models (i.e., Number of Hours of Relative Humidity (NHRH), Classification And Regression Tree/Stepwise Linear Discriminant (CART/SLD), Penman-Monteith (PM), Deep-learning Neural Network (DNN)). The sensitivity of models was evaluated with rainfall and seasonal changes. When the data in rainy days were excluded from the whole data set, the LWD models had smaller average error (Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) about 1.5hours). The seasonal error of the DNN model had the similar magnitude (RMSE about 3 hours) among all seasons excluding winter. The other models had the greatest error in summer (RMSE about 9.6 hours) and the lowest error in winter (RMSE about 3.3 hours). These models were also evaluated by the statistical error analysis method and the regression analysis method of mean squared deviation. The DNN model had the best performance by statistical error whereas the CART/SLD model had the worst prediction accuracy. The Mean Square Deviation (MSD) is a method of analyzing the linearity of a model with three components: squared bias (SB), nonunity slope (NU), and lack of correlation (LC). Better model performance was determined by lower SB and LC and higher NU. The results of MSD analysis indicated that the DNN model would provide the best performance and followed by the PM, the NHRH and the CART/SLD in order. This result suggested that the machine learning model would be useful to improve the accuracy of agricultural information using meteorological data.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.166-170
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Persimmon growers have often tried various regimens of K fertilization to improve fruit quality. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of K rates on concentration of inorganic elements in different tree organs and on fruit characteristics. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six-year-old non-astringent 'Fuyu' persimmons, grown in 50-L pots, were used. Total K amounts of 0 (no-application), 12, 25, 37, and 66 g were fertigated to a pot with KCl solution at 3-to 4-day intervals from July to September. The 0 K trees received no K fertilizer for the two previous years. Leaves, fruits, and shoots were sampled in November. K concentrations in leaves and shoots increased significantly by increasing K rate; leaf K, 0.49% for the 0 K, increased to 3.09% for the 37 g and 3.11% for the 66 g trees. Fruit K was notably lower for the 0 K, but there were no significant differences among the trees as long as they were supplied with more than 12-g K. In the trees with 0 K, leaf necrosis in the margin was apparent in June and the symptom progressed toward the midrib. Some leaves scorch-rolled from the margin in August. The greatest effect of K rates was on fruit size; it significantly increased to 181 g for the 12 g, 203 g for the 37 g, and 206 g for the 66 g compared with 150 g for the 0 K trees. However, K rates did not affect firmness and soluble solids of the fruits. The fruits of the 0 K trees were characterized by better coloration. CONCLUSION(S): The K-rate effect on inorganic elements depended on tree organs and fruit size was the major parameter to be affected by the K rates.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.332-340
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• 2016

Sunken ships cause damage to the environment due to the dispersal of fuel oil and harmful cargo goods in the hull. Since the sunken ship is mostly flooded by the seabed, it tends to be in a relatively stable condition. However, the heavy body, together with the load of remaining goods in the cargo hold, the constant contact with the seabed, and ocean currents and tidal waves, can affect dispersal of residual fuel oils out of the sunken ship. Corrosion of the sunken ship starts upon sinking, decreasing the thickness of the hull structure and sub-materials. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the structural stability against the potential breakdown of the sunken ship. Whilst evaluating the danger of the sunken ship, this result should be reflected in 'the possible discharge'. This study was undertaken to suggest a procedure for a step by step evaluation to assess the structural stability a sunken ship. The structural stability assessment to estimate the collapsibility of the hull was structure targeted at the sunken ship 'No. 7 HaeSung', which was classified as the prime example for the intensive management of sunken ships. This study was undertaken to suggest a procedure for a step by step evaluation to assess the structural stability a sunken ship and to propose a method to conduct a structural safety assessment that estimates the collapsibility of the hull by targeting the sunken ship 'No. 7 HaeSung',which was classified as the prime example for the intensive management of sunken ships. The collapsibility of the hull structure was estimated Based on the damage size of the hull structure, and the corrosion rate of the hull structure and sub-materials due to the seawater after sinking. It was confirmed that there was a low possibility of the total destruction of the hull structure at the current time. However, there is a high possibility in the potential failure of the hull structure due to increased rate of corrosion thereafter. Therefore, we believe continuous study on influence of corrosion and marine environment change to sunken ship's structural safety is necessary.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.43-50
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• 2012

This study sets out to examine how a brand image that matches the advertising model has a positive impact on brand attitude and price fairness perceptions. We reviewed the constructs on the basis of previous studies and each of the concepts has been redefined. One such concept, "image congruence," refers to the harmony, fitness, and matching quality of images. For example, how well celebrity advertising model is matches the brand image shows image congruence. Results are summarized as follows: First, the congruence of brand image and sports advertising model has no significant impact on brand attitude certainty and persistence. Second, the individual's brand attitude certainty and brand attitude persistence has a positive impact on the perceptions of price fairness. Third, the congruence of brand image and sports advertising model has a positive impact on the perceptions of price fairness. The first and the third results suggest that the positive impact on the price fairness perceptions is temporary but it has insignificant effects on the formation of brand attitude causing ongoing purchases. In other words, in order to influence consumers' long-term confidence on the brand, improving the quality of products or services has to precede promotional strategies such as advertising. When an advertising model is inappropriate for the brand image, consumers perceive product price changes as a negative issue in the short term. However, in the long term, attitude formation such as consumers' repurchase intentions and word of mouth will be not affected. The second result suggests that an already existing positive brand attitude can contribute more positively to change the perceptions of price fairness. In particular, attitude persistence has greater influence than attitude certainty on the price fairness. It suggests that persistence issues such as the trading period and the frequency of transactions must be managed and controlled because they are more important than the certainty issues such as strength of belief or trust. For example, when a commercial model for expensive sporting goods matches up with the brand image, consumer feels less pressure on the price changes. However, it does not determine the consumer's repeated purchases or sustainable transactions and it also has no absolute impact on the brand trust. In other words, consumer brand attitude should be recognized and approached as a routine strategy in view of the result that it is of great value as a causal variable in the process of consumer decision-making.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2010

Sex and its tropic hormones influence the lacrimal system, corneal anatomy and disease, aqueous humor dynamics and glaucoma, crystalline lens and cataract, and retinal disease. Dry eye occurs especially frequently during pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, and after menopause, during which androgen levels decrease. Androgen control development, differentiation, and lipid production of sebaceous glands throughout the body, and androgen deficiency also leads to meibomian gland dysfunction and evaporative dry eye. On the other hand, estrogen causes a reduction in size, activity, and lipid production of sebaceous glands. Sex and its tropic hormones also influence the corneal anatomy and disease, and corneal thickening occurred on the second day of the menstrual cycle and around the time of ovulation and appeared to be related to estrogen levels. Fuchs' dystrophy is more commonly seen in postmenopausal women than men and may be linked to hormonal changes that occur with aging. In addition, overexpression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the conjunctiva of vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients. Serum progesterone levels also may be associated with intraocular pressure especially in pregnant women, and for the women. For women with cataracts, hormone levels were typical of menopause, and there was a significant negative correlation between estradiol and follicular stimulating hormone levels. In addition, serum testosterone levels are associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy. Although the role of sex hormones on the eye is largely unknown, and the results should be interpreted with caution until replicated, the functions of sex hormones in ocular disease remains to be investigated, because they may be involved in structure and function of the ocular components, which are important in the pathogenesis of ocular disease.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2005

3D QSAR studies for the fungicidal activities against resistive phytophthora blight (RPC; 95CC7303) and sensitive phytophthora blight (Phytopthora capsici) (SPC; 95CC7105) by a series of new 2-alkoxyphenyl-3-phenylthioisoindoline-1-one derivatives (X: A=propynyl & B=2-chloropropenyl) were studied using comparative molecular field analyses (CoMFA) methodology. The CoMFA models were generated from the two different alignment, atom based fit (AF) alignment and field fit (FF) alignment. The atom based alignment exhibited a higher statistical results than that of field fit alignment. The best models, A3 and A7 using combination fields of H-bond field, standard field, LUMO and HOMO molecular orbital field as additional descriptors were selected to improve the statistic of the present CoMFA models. The statistical results of the two models showed the best predictability of the fungicidal activities based on the cross-validated value $q^2\;(r^2_{cv.}=RPC:\;0.625\;&\;SPC:\;0.834)$, non cross-validated value $(r^2_{ncv.}=RPC:\;0.894\;&\;SPC:\;0.915)$ and PRESS value (RPC: 0.105 & SPC: 0.103), respectively. Based on the findings, the predictive ability and fitness of the model for SPC was better than that of the model for RPC. The fugicidal activities exhibited a strong correlation with steric $(66.8{\sim}82.8%)$, electrostatic $(10.3{\sim}4.6%)$ and molecular orbital field (SPC: HOMO, 12.6% and RPC: LUMO, 22.9%) factors of the molecules. The novel selective character for fungicidal activity between two fungi depend on the positive charge of ortho, meta-positions on the N-phenyl ring and size of hydrophilicity of a substituents on the S-phenyl ring.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2013

The results of this research to study forms, structure, changes, symbolic meanings of 16 Hahoe sceneries through analyses of "Hahwaesipyukgyeong" and "Hahwaenakgangsanghaildaedo" are as belows. The coherence of headword is not discovered in 16 Hahoe sceneries, but based on various variables and sense dependence, endemicity with original natural scenes, human's life and phenomena of riverside village are spread in 3km viewing areas within 200m from Gyeonamjeongsa(謙巖精舍) and Okyeonjeongsa(玉淵精舍). As the viewing points of Gyeonam and Okyeonjeongsa are symmetrically facing and separately independent, while viewing angles do not intersect at Wonjijeongsa (遠志精舍) and Binyeonjeongsa(賓淵精舍) because of Buyongdae(芙蓉臺), and crating each independent viewing area, we can see 16 Hahoe sceneries are perfect views by supplementing Gyeonam and Okyeon Jeongsa, as well as points of views from Wonji and Binyeonjeongsa. Meanwhile, as the view point of 16 Hahoe sceneries, Gyeomam, Okyeon, Binyeon, and Wonji Jeongsa are clearly described, and 12 natural sceneries, which are Hwasan(花山), Ipam(立巖), Maam(馬巖), Jando(棧道), Bangi(盤磯), Hoengju(橫舟), and Honggyo(虹橋), among landscape elements of 16 Hahoe sceneries that can be expressed on canvas in the Haoedo are realistically described, there is high possibility that Haoedo is the 'Mental Stroll about Nature(臥遊) of 16 Hahoe sceneries. The belted forest surrounding the village in the painting is assumed to be an erosion control forest, and considering row-expressed trees, the south belted forest may be a different broad-leaved forest from current Mansongjeong(萬松亭) pine forest. In 16 Hahoe sceneries, there is Neo-confucianism tendency, which connects the nature and human life, and moreover prioritize human life than the nature. Especially as seen in the 'Choljae(拙齋)', the pen name of 16 Hahoe sceneries' author park, the 16 Hahoe scenery poet suggests 'Beauty of Jolbak(拙撲美)' based on the simple life that upright classical scholars pursued as the basic emotion. The thinking system shown in the poet is interpreted as Neo-confucianism category including one's sense and emotion depended on natural features or phenomena. Ultimately, 16 Hahoe sceneries are landscape that reflects moral world views of Confucianism scholars who wanted to express ideal thoughts based on natural features and phenomena in reality at Jeongsa in Buyongdae and Hahoe Village.