• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.33-42
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• 2004

While transforming the inelastic system into the equivalent elastic one gives an advantage of simpler analysis, the actual inelastic behavior of the system is hardly modeled in the capacity spectrum method (CSM). Therefore, the accuracy of CSM depends on the precise estimation of equivalent period and damping ratio as well as the modification of the elastic response spectrum and the corresponding demand spectrum. In this paper, the effect of demand spectrums on the accuracy of CSM is evaluated. First, the response reduction factors provided in ATC-40 and Euro Code are evaluated. Numerical analysis results indicated that the acceleration responses obtained using the factor of Euro Code are closer to the actual response than those obtained using the factors of ATC-40. Next, the accuracy of CSM is evaluated constructing the demand spectrum using the absolute acceleration responses and pseudo acceleration responses. The results obtained using the absolute acceleration responses were found to be generally larger than those obtained using the pseudo ones. Since CSM often underestimates the response, the use of absolute acceleration response gives the response relatively closer to the exact ones. However, the difference becomes negligible as the hardening ratio and the yield strength ratio become larger.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.71-74
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• 2011

최근 국제적으로 지진 발생 규모가 증대하고 있으며, 우리나라를 비롯한 많은 나라에서 구조물 및 주요 시설물에 대한 내진설계에 관심이 증대되고 있다. 지진방재는 건물자체의 안전성뿐만 아니라 내부설비 및 소장품에 대한 안전성까지 종합적으로 검토되어야 하며 이를 위한 대책이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구의 주요목적은 예측 불가한 자연재해인 지진에 대해 일반적인 면진성능을 갖는 기초격리장치로서의 기능을 충실히 수행할 수 있는지를 확인하기 위하여 면진장치를 사용한 구조물의 면진효과를 검증하는 것이다. 또한 설계된 스프링의 탄성계수에 따른 실제 지진 시 응답의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 공진실험 및 진동대 실험을 실시하여 면진테이블 시스템의 면진성능을 평가하였다. 진동대 실험은 미국 "NEBS Requirements"에서 규정하는 요구응답스펙트럼에 상응하는 임의 지진파를 적용하였고 각각 x축과 z축 가진 후, x-y-z 축을 동시에 가진하여 수행하였다. 시험응답스펙트럼(Test Response Spectrum)은 요구응답스펙트럼(RRS)에 포락하도록 시험하여 최대가속도는 x축 방향 가진 시 90%의 감쇠효과가 나타났으며, 3축 방향 가진 시 x축 방향은 58%, y축 방향은 31%의 감쇠효과가 나타났다. 최대상대변위는 설계스트로크 140mm에 대하여 최대 85.54mm의 변위가 발생하여 안정적인 거동을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 제안한 면진테이블 시스템은 중요 첨단장비 및 문화재 등의 전도 및 파괴를 방지하는 데 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.65-73
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• 2002

It has been recognized that the damage control must become a more explicit design consideration. In an effort to develop design methods based on performance it is clear that the evaluation of the nonlinear response is required. The methods available to the design engineer today are nonlinear time history analyses, monotonic static nonlinear analyses, or equivalent static analyses with simulated nonlinear influences. Some building codes propose the capacity spectrum method based on the nonlinear static analysis(pushover analysis) to determine the earthquake-induced demand given by the structure pushover curve. These procedures are conceptually simple but iterative and time consuming with some errors. This paper presents a nonlinear direct spectrum method(NDSM) to evaluate seismic performance of structures, without iterative computations, given by the structural initial elastic period and yield strength from the pushover analysis, especially for MDF(multi degree of freedom) systems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the accuracy and confidence of this method from a point of view of various earthquakes and unloading stiffness degradation parameters. The conclusions of this study are as follows; 1) NDSM is considered as practical method because the peak deformations of nonlinear system of MDF by NDSM are almost equal to the results of nonlinear time history analysis(NTHA) for various ground motions. 2) When the results of NDSM are compared with those of NTHA. mean of errors is the smallest in case of post-yielding stiffness factor 0.1, static force by MAD(modal adaptive distribution) and unloading stiffness degradation factor 0.2~0.3.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2000

구조물에 내진설계를 적용하는 목적은 지진에 노출되는 구조물에 안전성과 경제성을 고려한 파괴메카니즘을 부여하는 것이다. 내진설계에 보편적으로 적용하고 있는 응답스펙트럼해석법은 선형해석법으로 구조물의 비선형 동적거동에 의한 영향은 특정 계수로 반영한다. 그러나 기존의 내진설계시방서들이 강진지역에 있는 나라들에 의해 제정 및 개정되어 왔기 때문에 응답스펙트럼 해석법 뿐만 아니라 기타의 적용규정이 강진지역에 위치한 구조물의 상황만을 고려하여 제시되었다. 따라서 중약진지역에 위치한 구조물의 내진설계에 대한 별도의 연구가 요구되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 중약진지역에 위치한 콘크리트 교량을 선정하여 비선형 동적거동을 반영하는 계수를 결정하고 응답스펙트럼 해석법을 적용하였다. 연구 결과 바탕으로 중약진지역의 교량에 대해 내진설계의 목적을 만족하는 개선된 내진설계 절차를 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.195-206
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• 2011

The capacity spectrum method(CSM) has been more frequently used as a tool to evaluate the seismic capacity of the structure. Many formulas of strength reduction factors(SRF) have been proposed and adopted to generate the inelastic demand spectrum for the CSM. This study evaluates the impacts of the type of the SRF on the inelastic demand spectrum and finally on the seismic response displacement of curved bridge. For the purpose, the several existing formulas of SRFs were comparatively investigated through the case study. Curved bridges with different subtended angles were selected and the displacements of the bridge piers were estimated by using the different formulas of SRFs. Nonlinear time history analyses were also performed for the validation purpose of the CSM results. According to study results, the CSM may generate the larger displacement responses than the actual behaviors for the curved bridge with larger subtended angles. Though many methods have been suggested to generate the inelastic demand spectrum for CSM, they might not give noticeable differences in inelastic displacement of the bridge pier.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.255-263
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• 2014

In this paper, seismic fragility analysis of lightning arrester is performed using capacity spectrum method(CSM). Since seismic fragility analysis of structure with many structural members is required to calculate many inelastic responses for several tens or hundreds of ground motions, simple method such as CSM is more appropriate than response history analysis(RHA). In general, accuracy of seismic response evaluated by CSM is less than that by RHA. In order to increase accuracy of CSM, equivalent SDOF method and performance point calculation technique are applied to CSM. Seismic fragility method proposed by Shinozuka et al. is used. In order to evaluate site effect of ground motions on seismic fragility, 60 different site classification earthquakes are selected as input ground motions. From the seismic fragility curves of lightning arrester evaluated by CSM and RHA, it can be observed that the seismic fragility curves evaluated by CSM are very similar to those by RHA. Also, it can be observed that main seismic failure mode of lightning arrest is bushing breakage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.44-50
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• 2010

Vibration responses of a centrifugal pump required dynamic analysis for seismic qualification, were calculated by using spectrum analysis, which is known to be very simple compared with time domain analysis. Modal analysis was performed and the results were utilized in the spectrum analysis. The vibration responses calculated from the spectrum analysis were more conservative than those from the time domain analysis, that is, the former can be used as safer in design process. The pump was qualified for the specified seismic service conditions as specified in IEEE 344-1987. The maximum stresses were less than allowable stress limits. Based on the analysis results, it is concluded that the pump meets all the dynamic requirements of the applicable codes, standards, and technical specification.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2001

에너지 소산장치가 설치된 건무의 비선형 시간이력해석은 복잡하고 많은 시간이 소모된다. 본 연구에서는 비선형 정적해석법인 능력 스펙트럼을 이용하여 구조물의 주어긴 거동 한계를 만족할 수 있는 감쇠기의 양을 산정하는 방법에 관하여 연구하였다. 먼저 능력스펙트럼법을 이용하여 건물의 비선형 정적응답을 구하고 건물의 응답과 목표변위의 차이를 이용하여 유효감쇠비를 구하고 이러한 유효 감쇠비를 이용하여 필용한 점성 감쇠기의 양을 구하였다. 본 연구에서는 단자 유도계에서 건물의 주기, 요구되는 탄성강도에 대한 항복강도의 비, 항복 후 강성비 등을 변수로 하여 연구를 수행하였다. 제안된 방법에 따라 설계된 점성 감쇠기를 설치한 예제 구조물의 시간이력 해석에 의한 최대 응답은 설계의 초기단계에서 사용한 목표변위와 잘 일치하였다.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.65-76
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• 2001

Determination of ductility demand and prediction of nonlinear seismic responses of a structure under the earthquake ground motions have become a very important subject for evaluation of seismic performance in the performance based seismic design. In this study, the system ductility demand and nonlinear seismic responses of the steel moment framed structures by the nonlinear time history analysis are estimated and compared with those obtained from the capacity spectrum method suggested in ATC-40 and proposed method that is an improvement on the capacity spectrum method using the equivalent responses derived directly from a multi degree of freedom system. the adequacy and validity of the proposed method is verified by comparing the results evaluated by the method proposed in this study and the results obtained from method suggested in ATC-40 to the nonlinear seismic responses of the example structures from the nonlinear time history analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.208-209
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• 2021

In 2017, 100 aftershocks with a magnitude of 2.0~3.0 and 615 minor earthquakes in Pohang in Korea caused the collapse and destruction of aggregate, tile, glass, and other structural components of multi-family houses constructed as finishing materials for buildings, causing damage to vehicles and casualties. Based on this factor, seismic design standards were established for non-structural elements of buildings that were applied only to past structures. Therefore, this study reinterpreted various vibration response spectra transmitted to waterproof layers as well as the definition and concept of the waterproof layer demand response spectrum derived by developing various vibration response test evaluation devices through a new testing apparatus.