• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.137-143
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• 1998

The measurement of the inter outer canthal distance(IOCD), inter inner canthal distance(IICD), width palpebral fissure (WPF) and distribution of cataract, corneal abnormality and palpebral abnormality-were followed in III Korean in leprosy patient. The average dimension of IOCD was in male 89.9 mm and in female 88.4 mm, IICD were in male 36.9 mm and female 35.8 mm, and LPF was in male 52.9 mm, female 52.6 mm. The IOCD and LPF were decreased but IICD was not 29.7%, palpebral abnormality was 19.4% and corneal abnormality was 37.8%. These data were not changed by sex but increased by age. So the causes of visual impairment int the disease were corneal abnormalities that were the most common complications.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 1996

The mersurements of the inter outer canthal distance (IOCD), inter temporal distance (ITD), width palpebral fissure (WPF), position and shape of upper eyelid were followed in 533 healthy Korean between ages 60 and 90. The measurements of the ITD in male was 122.2 mm, and in female was 118.5 mm, and its was greater than, the average of the IOCD about 31 mm. The measurement of IOCD in the eighties was decreased about 6 mm more than the sixties. The average of Fold Upper Lid(FUL) was 4.7 mm, and its size in male was longer than in female. The Double Upper Lid(DUL) in male was appeared more than in female. The measurement of WPF in male(7.6mm) was larged than in female, and its size was decreased at advancing ages, The upper lid was sited in limbus of eyeball.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.641-646
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• 2007

Purpose: Lateral canthoplasty is utilized in aesthetic surgery to lengthen the lateral palpebral fissure of the lateral canthal area. However, complication such as recurrence, contour deformity or hypertrophic scar make its results doubtful. Therefore, we developed lateral canthoplasty with lateral canthotomy and Y-V advancement to effectively lengthen the palpebral fissure without recurrence. Methods: A total number of 117 patients were reviewed from March 1991 to April 2005. The operative procedure was lateral canthoplasty with lateral canthotomy and Y-V advancement. To prevent recurrence, we dissected lateral conjunctiva of lower eyelid. The author believes that by this procedure, V flap would be able to advance laterally without tension. Results: We performed lateral canthoplasty in 117 patients. There were no recurrence and patients were satisfied with the results. There were 12 patients who presented with complication. Complication included hypertrophic scar in 4 patients, web formation in 3 patients and over-correction in 5 patients. Conclusion: Lateral canthoplasty with lateral canthotomy and simple Y-V advancement may be used as an effective method to lengthen palpebral fissure without recurrence.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.145-148
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• 1997

The mersurements of the inter outer canthal distance (IOCD), inter inner canthal distance(IICD), inter temporal distance (ITD), length palpebral fissure (LPF) and inter pupilly distance(PD) were followed in 852 healthy Korean from 7 to 13 years old. The change of average dimension was 6 mm in PD and 20 mm in ITD during primary school, and then grow up to the dimension of adult. The dimension of ITD and LPF in female was larger than male from 8 to 10 years old. The dimension of LPF increased by change of IOCD more than IICD.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2010

Objective: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the reproducibility and reliability of head posture obtained by registering outer canthus as a soft tissue landmark with the Outer Canthus Indicator (OCI). Methods: Twenty-one adults with normal facial morphology were enrolled in this study (mean age $27.5\;{\pm}\;1.72$ years). To register initial head posture, height of the outer canthus from the ear rod plane was measured using OCI. Head posture was reproduced by moving the head upwards and downwards until the outer canthus was in a straight line with the indicator set at a registered height. After the head posture is reproduced by two operators after two days, lateral photographs were taken. Computerized photometric analyses of the photographs were performed. Results: The head rotations around the transverse axis were $0.69\;{\pm}\;0.43^{\circ}$, $0.98\;{\pm}\;0.65^{\circ}$ from each of the two operators. Standard errors were $0.09^{\circ}$ and $0.14^{\circ}$ each, which were similar to results from past research findings. There were no significant differences between the data from the two operators (p > 0.05). There were no correlations between the head rotation around the horizontal and vertical axes (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The present study suggests that OCI-registered head posture may minimize errors from vertical head rotation in cephalometry and photometry.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1997

The palpebral fissures of 1529 healthy Koreans ranging in age from one month to 92 years were examined. The length and width of palpebral fissure, distance of folded upper lid(FUL), inter outer canthal distance(IOCD) and appearance of double upper lid (DUL) were studied. The most commonly occuring length of the normal palpebral fissure was 30 mm(13.7%) followed by 28 mm(9.8%) and 27 mm(8.8%), and almost four fifths(79.1%) of the palpebral fissures measured less than 30mm in length. Of the ages 11~60 examined over 70 % averaged palpebral fissures measuring bet ween 27 mm and 32 mm. The commonest width of 1443 normal palpebral fissure was 8 mm(28.2%) followed by 9mm(16.3%) and 7mm(15.0%), and average widths according to 5 major age groups were 5~8mm, 6~10mm, 7~11mm, 7~11mm and 5~9mm, and there is some tendency to a decrease with age. The average of FUL without frontalis action was 8~11 mm. The distances between exocanthions, IOCD, according to age groups were estimated to be 77~82mm for one to 10, 94~101mm for 11 to 60 and 89~95mm for over-60 age group, respectively. The DUL was appeared in 44 % of sample, and DUL in female was more than in male.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2018

In the field of angiography and interventional radiology, it is said that the risk of radiation exposure to the eyes is high due to the characteristics of work, but currently divided dose assessment and management are not carried out in reality. Therefore, in this study, in order to evaluate the dose of the operator in the surgical environment and to analyze the shields, firstly, we selected the point where the operator is mainly located, evaluated the exposure dose of the eye after attaching the pocket dosimeter to the lateral angle point of the head and neck phantom, and evaluate shielding effect when wearing lead glasses that is currently commercialized. Secondly, we evaluated the tendency of the exposure dose of the eye and the shielding effect through simulation in the same geometric structure as the actual measurement. As a result, in the case of measurement using a dosimeter, the cumulative dose increased with the increase of the fluoroscopic time, and the tendency was different according to the position of the operator. Simulation results show that the dose distribution of the eye lens in the mathematical phantom is about 1.1 ~ 1.3 times higher than that of the cornea. Also, The protective effect of the lead glasses showed a shielding effect of at least 3.7 ~ 21.4% in each eye.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2012

Purpose: Unlike the existing linear accelerator with photon, proton therapy produces a number of second radiation due to the kinds of nuclide including neutron that is produced from the interaction with matter, and more attention must be paid on the exposure level of radiation workers for this reason. Therefore, thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) that is being widely used to measure radiation was utilized to analyze the exposure level of the radiation workers and propose a basic data about the radiation exposure level during the proton therapy. Materials and Methods: The subjects were radiation workers who worked at the proton therapy center of National Cancer Center and TLD Badge was used to compare the measured data of exposure level. In order to check the dispersion of exposure dose on body parts from the second radiation coming out surrounding the beam line of proton, TLD (width and length: 3 mm each) was attached to on the body spots (lateral canthi, neck, nipples, umbilicus, back, wrists) and retained them for 8 working hours, and the average data was obtained after measuring them for 80 hours. Moreover, in order to look into the dispersion of spatial exposure in the treatment room, TLD was attached on the snout, PPS (Patient Positioning System), Pendant, block closet, DIPS (Digital Image Positioning System), Console, doors and measured its exposure dose level during the working hours per day. Results: As a result of measuring exposure level of TLD Badge of radiation workers, quarterly average was 0.174 mSv, yearly average was 0.543 mSv, and after measuring the exposure level of body spots, it showed that the highest exposed body spot was neck and the lowest exposed body spot was back (the middle point of a line connecting both scapula superior angles). Investigation into the spatial exposure according to the workers' movement revealed that the exposure level was highest near the snout and as the distance becomes distant, it went lower. Conclusion: Even a small amount of exposure will eventually increase cumulative dose and exposure dose on a specific body part can bring health risks if one works in a same location for a long period. Therefore, radiation workers must thoroughly manage exposure dose and try their best to minimize it according to ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) as the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommends.