• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.263-288
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• 2015

This study is to research the mediating effects of optimism and quality of relationship which interpersonal traumatic experience influences posttraumatic growth. It focuss on verifying the impact of interpersonal traumatic experience to optimism and quality of relationship and the influence of optimism and quality of relationship to posttraumatic growth. And also it is to verify dual mediating effect between optimism and quality of relationship. Data for this study were collected through the use of a survey instrument completed by 405 interpersonal traumatic experience, 30-60 age group. Collected data were analysed by AMOS program, Structure Equation Model(SEM) was implemented to verify the mediating effect between optimism and quality of relationship. Finally, Phantom Variable was utilized for verification of indirect influence of a multi mediating effects. The findings of this study were as follows, First, the result shows that the higher level interpersonal traumatic experience, the higher posttraumatic growth they have. Second, it shows that optimism and quality of relationship have partial mediating effect between interpersonal traumatic experience and posttraumatic growth. Third, it was analyzed that optimism and quality of relationship had double mediating effect. Based on these findings, the research discussion reinforced the importance of intervene with its optimism and quality of relationship in the site of those who experience interpersonal trauma. Theological, political and practical implications of this study are as follows. First, it has a series of significance in terms of that this study confirmed its influence considering the quality of relationship from interpersonal experience among relevant factors of traumatic accident, optimism among individual factors, quality of relationship among environmental factors based on 'the crisis of life and the theory of individual growth'. econd, even though optimism and quality of relationship were proved as major predictors for posttraumatic growth of those who experience interpersonal traumatic, psychological support center for traumatic experience is not operated systematically in Korea. Third, this study implies that it should intervene mainly with its optimism and quality of relationship in the site of those who experience interpersonal trauma such as any abuses including sexual abuse, bullying, and divorce.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.254-264
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• 2019

This study is a descriptive correlation study investigating the effects of stress disorder symptoms, resilience, and social network on post-traumatic growth in traffic accident patients. The participants were 158 traffic accident cases enrolled from five 100-bed hospitals situated in city C. Data were collected from July 1 to August 31, 2018, and analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression using SPSS / Win23. The explanatory power of post-traumatic growth was determined to be 36.9%, and the factors affecting post-traumatic growth were social network and post-traumatic stress disorder. In addition, social networks completely established the relationship between resilience and post-traumatic growth. Our results confirmed that a wider social network and increased symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder of the traffic accident patient are associated with higher post-traumatic growth. Therefore, it is necessary to explore approaches that improve the social networks and resilience to help post-traumatic growth of traffic accident patients. Additional research is required through repetitive and long-term observation of the accident victims.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.328-337
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to research the traumatized primary teeth and investigate following factors: sex, age, cause, place and time(of the year) of injury, elapsed time, area and type of injury, dental treatment and prognosis. The analysis includes total of 1533 traumatized primary teeth from 758 children aging from 6 months to 6 years(mean age: 2.8) from 2003 to 2007. The result follows : 1. The children of age between 1-2 and 2-3 were involved in the largest number of injuries in both sexes with boy/girl ratio of 1.77:1(p<0.001). 2. Fall and collision were the main causes of traumatic dental injury, especially in younger children(p<0.05). Places of injury occurrence varied: home, outdoors, and kindergarten. Warm climate accounts for frequent outdoor injuries in May, September and October(p<0.001). 3. Most of the children visited dental clinic within 24 hours of the injury(77.6%). From March to September, dental trauma occurrences were distributed evenly, except for Winter period(p<0.001). 4. Upper central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth, and the injuries usually involved 1 tooth or 2 teeth. 5. Periodontal tissue injuries dominated and subluxation was the most common type. Lateral luxation, enamel fracture, intrusion and root fracture followed.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the perception of the somatic symptoms and the cognitive emotion regulation strategies in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods : A total of 48 patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for PTSD and 48 normal controls were recruited for participation in this study. We evaluated subjects using Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). We analyzed data using an independent t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results : In terms of SSAS, PTSD patients presented higher average SSAS scores than normal controls but the result is not statistically significant. In PTSD patients, the severity of PTSD is significantly correlated with CERQ-rumination and CERQ-catastrophizing. The SSAS scores of PTSD patients show the significant positive correlation with PTSD hyperarousal symptoms, CERQ-catastrophizing and CERQ-blaming others. Conclusions : These results reveal that patients with PTSD have maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies such as rumination and catastrophizing. Somato-sensory amplification seems to be related with PTSD hyperarousal, CERQ-catastrophizing and CERQ-blaming others. Therefore, reducing somato-sensory amplification, rumination and catastrophizing can be helpful to reduce PTSD symptoms and somatic symptoms in PTSD patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.598-608
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the role of social support to enhance posttraumatic growth in the Family Caregivers focusing on their trauma by development of the elderly with dementia. The study subjects were 204 family Caregivers for the elderly with dementia and the data were analyzed by the gender. This study utilized IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 20.0 for analysis, and the main results of this study were as follows. First, female group of the family Caregivers showed significantly higher in the level of trauma while male group showed significantly higher in the informal areas of social support and posttraumatic growth. Second, female group showed the protective effect in the formal area of social support and male group did the effect in the formal and informal area of social support. As such, this study investigated the level of trauma by gender of family Caregivers for the elderly with dementia and suggested the implementation strategies to enhance posttraumatic growth. Moreover, this study has the meaning to provide the required fundamental data to establish proper community care upon demonstrating the practical analysis results considering the characteristics of social support.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.71-97
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of the fear of compassion and the difficulties of emotional regulation on the relationship between attachment trauma and interpersonal problems. The participants in this study were 296 Korean university students. The participants completed self-report questionnaires that assessed their attachment trauma, fear of compassion, emotional regulation difficulties, and interpersonal problems. Those with high attachment trauma had significantly more interpersonal problems, fear of compassion from others, fear of self-compassion, and emotional regulation difficulties than those with low attachment trauma. Further, fear of compassion and difficulties in emotional regulation were shown to fully mediate and fully dual-mediate the relationship between attachment trauma and interpersonal problems. These findings suggest that attachment trauma affects the degree to which university students experience interpersonal problems and that fear of compassion and emotional regulation difficulties may be the mechanism underlying that relationship. This paper discusses several limitations of this study and areas for future research.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 1995

Traumatic brain injury(TBI) used to be developed after a severe traumatic event. Therefore TBI usually induces acute or chronic stress reaction. I reviewed the concept, epidemiology, biological or psychosocial etiology, diagnosis and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and discussed about PTSD or stress reaction after TBI. Early evaluation and management of stress reaction after TBI are important.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2004

In modern times, children's trauma is increasing every year because of car accidents and life environment changes. There is a limit to prevent traumatic damage for oral cavity organization. The fundamental data of trauma treatment and prevention will be presented through the survey and analysis of traumatic teeth damage. I examined 113 patients from Oct. 4th, 2000 to Feb. 27th, 2004 at Dept. of Children's Dental Clinic, Kangnung National University. The results are as follows. (1) The trauma frequency of male subjects is higher than that of female at a rate of 2.05:1. The average age is 5.27 for men and 5.27 for women. The highest percentage of trauma patients is among 2 year old children. It is 21.2%. (2) A patient survey was taken at a trauma treatment hospital. On the first day 34.4% of the patients had come to receive treatment of their first set of teeth. However, after a week, 38.8% of the patients had received treatment on their permanent teeth. (3) As a result of falling, 59% of patients needing treatment on their first set of teeth. 55.1% of patients is permanent teeth. As a result of bump against physical solid, 26.6% of patients is the first set of teeth and 26.5% of patients is permanent teeth. (4) Teeth damage happened at home. 42.1% were male. 35.1% were female. According to trauma, 59.4% of teeth damage happened at home. 28.6% of permanent teeth damage happened at school or kindergarten. (5) According to trauma, the number of teeth damaged was in the first set of teeth are as follows: 56.3%, one-31.3%, three or four-6.3% each. For permanent teeth: two-46.9%, one-28.6%, four over-16.3% and three-8.2%. Over four teeth is larger number for permanent teeth. (6) 56% of first set of teeth patients and 43.4% of permanent teeth patients were male. 56.8% of first set of teeth patients and 43.2% of permanent teeth were female. Trauma happened to both male and female frequently in the first set of teeth. (7) Most of the tooth damage which was in the first set of teeth and permanent teeth was done to the upper jaw. 75% of patients are the first set of teeth. 63.8% of patients are permanent teeth. Trauma is very high in the two mid teeth of the upper jaw. (8) According to trauma survey, 30.2% is from impulse. 28.0% is from crown fracture, 14.7% is from depression. 8.9% is from concussion. 7.1% is from full dislocation of a joint. 2.2% of patients are extrusion. 1.8% is from displacement. According to teeth damage trauma, 35.8% is pulse in the first set of teeth. The breaking of the crown of a tooth happened a lot in permanent teeth. (9) According to data, 43.2% of teeth damage in the first set of teeth goes without treatment. In permanent teeth, it is 38.9%. After treatment, 22.0% of first set of teeth treatment requires a dental pulp treatment. In permanent teeth, which is used for temporary acid etching resin restoration.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.314-321
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• 2014

This study investigated the pattern and treatment of traumatic dental injury (TDI), with respect to the time elapsed prior to the initial visit to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chonnam National University Dental Hospital for TDI, from January 2009 to December 2013. The dental trauma records of a total of 378 patients (940 traumatic teeth) were analyzed. The prevalence rate of dental trauma was twofold higher in males versus females. The principal cause of injury, among all participants, was falling (36.5%). The most commonly affected teeth were the maxillary central incisors (66.9%). Subluxation (43.9%) represented the most common trauma for primary teeth, and uncomplicated crown fracture in permanent teeth (30.9%). Only 10% of patients visited the dental clinic within 1 hour of sustaining trauma. The principal treatment provided for primary teeth, during the initial clinical visit, was follow-up (53.2%); for permanent teeth it was root canal treatment (27.3%). The prevalence of root canal treatment for permanent teeth increased commensurate with the time elapsed since injury. These data suggest that delayed checkup following trauma may increase the risk of loss of pulp vitality.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.332-338
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• 2016

This study examined the posttraumatic growth of North Korean defectors, the relation between their characteristics and posttraumatic growth and the factors influencing their posttraumatic growth, and explored methods of improving their mental health status. 145 North Korean defectors, who were trained in B city and G city, participated in the survey from February 1 to March 10, 2016. The posttraumatic growth, resilience, self-esteem, deliberate rumination, and impact of the (traumatic) event were measured using the PTGI (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory), RS (Rumination Scale, Resilience Scale), SES (Self-esteem Scale) and ISR (Impact of Event). The data were analyzed using the t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. The mean scores were 29.64 for posttraumatic growth. There were significant positive correlations between posttraumatic growth and resilience and between posttraumatic growth and rumination. The influence of the independent variables on the total posttraumatic growth was examined using regression analysis. Models including the variables (resilience, positive self-esteem, and rumination) explained 54.2% of the variance for the posttraumatic growth. These findings demonstrate that it is essential for nurses to continuously intervene and help North Korean defectors so as to promote their posttraumatic growth and resilience. Furthermore, it is also necessary for nurses to find ways to develop ideal interventions in order to activate deliberate rumination.