• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.214-227
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the socio-demographic factors, the disaster related factors, the physical health related factors and the psychological factors of older adults exposed to natural disaster and these factors may possibly cause the occurrence of PTSD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed using the secondary data from the 3rd Disaster Victims Panel Survey (2012-2017). The data from 1,397 disaster victims were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. Results: Compared with the younger adult disaster victims, the elderly were more likely to have symptoms of PTSD (15.0% vs. 12.1%). Factors such as the number of years since being exposed to the disaster, anxiety, depression and social adjustment were significantly associated with occurrence of PTSD for both older and younger adults. Female gender was the additional risk factors for the older adults, while marital status, income, having witnessed another person's injury or death, and having lost a home were associated with the occurrence of PTSD. Conclusion: The elderly were more likely to develop PTSD as compared with younger adults. More targeted post-disaster mental health services to the elderly with the symptoms of depressive, anxiety and impaired social adjustments, should be provided to improve their mental health.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2015

Objectives Social workers can suffer from occupational stress resulting from dealing with clients, which might lead to metal health problems. We aimed to investigate the association of duty-related traumatic experiences and stress coping strategies with post-traumatic stress symptoms among social workers in public sector. Methods A total of 110 social workers in public sector (men 30.9%, $36.5{\pm}7.6$ yrs) participated in this study. All subjects were evaluated the frequency and the impact of duty-related traumatic events. Additionally, they completed questionnaires including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for post-traumatic stress symptoms, the Beck Depression Inventory-II for depressive symptoms, the Scale for Suicidal Ideation for suicide symptoms and the Ways of Coping Checklist for stress coping strategies. Results The most frequent traumatic events were "Violent or abusive language from a client" (95.0%) and "Client made a fuss" (94.5%). The most distressing traumatic event was "Seeing a dead body on duty" (7.6 out of 10), which predicted post-traumatic stress symptoms (odds ratio 4.04 ; 95% confidence interval, 1.79-9.11). Among 4 types of stress coping strategies, the emotion-focused coping was positively correlated with post-traumatic stress symptoms after controlling age and sex (${\beta}$ = 0.50, p < 0.001). Conclusions Social workers in public sector showed high level of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Duty-related traumatic events and the emotional-focused coping strategies were associated with the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms. The modification of stress coping strategies would alleviate post-traumatic stress symptoms in social workers in public sector.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.360-368
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between parenting behavior, parenting efficacy, adaptation stress and PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) among mothers who have defected from North Korean. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted to illustrate the parenting behavior, parenting efficacy, adaptation stress and PTSD and report the relationships among them. Data were collected between August and November of 2009 in Hanawon and 105 mothers who met eligibility criteria participated in the study. Results: Ignorant/controlling parenting behavior of parenting showed the highest score in our study. The level of parenting efficacy was $2.72{\pm}0.36$ and adaptation stress level was $3.35{\pm}0.47$ showing perceived hostility the highest and homesickness the lowest. Participants with moderate to severe PTSD accounted for 79.5% of the mothers, and 75% of them reported symptoms for 3 months or more. Authoritative parenting behavior showed negative relationships with parenting efficacy, cultural crisis and fear, adaptation stress and PTSD. Conclusion: Mothers who have defected from showed negative parenting behaviors and high adaptation stress level and PTSD while parenting efficacy was high. These findings indicate that parenting intervention programs which can guide these mothers towards positive parenting behaviors need to be developed.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among the degree of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social support, stress coping strategies, and self-esteem in patients with PTSD. Methods : A total of 48 patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for PTSD and 48 normal controls were recruited for participation in this study. We evaluated subjects using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and The Ways of Stress Coping Questionnaire (SCQ). We analyzed data using an independent t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results : In PTSD patients, total CAPS scores showed a significant positive correlation with HAM-A and HAM-D scores and a significant negative correlation with MSPSS scores. RSES scores showed a significant positive correlation with MSPSS and SCQ scores. MSPSS scores showed a significant negative correlation with PTSD avoidance and numbing and HAM-D scores. SCQ scores showed a significant negative correlation with PTSD avoidance and numbing. Conclusion : These results revealed that the better the stress coping strategies and social support, the lower the degree of symptoms in patients with PTSD. In addition, it was found that the higher the social support and self-esteem, the lower the degree of depression and anxiety. Therefore, in the treatment process, it seems important to identify and correct the self-esteem, social support system, and stress coping strategies of patients with PTSD.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.208-220
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• 2020

본 연구는 해양경찰공무원의 외상 후 성장에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 2019년 6월 17일부터 7월 31일까지 해양경찰교육원에서 기본 교육 및 전문교육을 받은 해양경찰관 293명을 대상으로 시행되었다. 자료는 SPSS version 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, t-검정과 분산분석, 피어슨의 상관분석과 다중회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 해양경찰공무원의 외상 후 성장은 평균 39.72±16.56점이었고, 회복탄력성 평균 84.46±9.85점, 사회적지지 평균 86.16±16.21점, 집단문화 9.50±2.26점, 합리문화 10.79±1.94점, 발전문화 9.61±1.95점, 위계문화 10.96±2.00점이었다. 외상 후 성장에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴보면 결혼여부(β=0.194, p=0.002), 흡연여부(β=0.152, p=0.010), 규칙적인 운동여부(β=-0.185, p<0.001), 총 근무기간(β=-0.154, p=0.033), 회복탄력성(β=0.310, p<0.001), 사회적지지(β=0.250, p<0.001), 집단문화(β=0.158, p=0.004)가 외상 후 성장에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 확인되었고, 이들 변수의 설명력은 56.5%이었다. 본 연구 결과로 해양경찰공무원의 외상 후 성장은 개인적인 특성 뿐 아니라 가족과 동료들의 지지, 근무 환경 및 문화에 의해 영향을 받았다. 향후 스트레스의 완화를 위한 조직 차원의 관리가 적극적으로 시행되어야 하며, 가족 및 동료와의 유대감을 강화하고 친근한 분위기가 형성될 수 있는 근무환경 및 문화의 변화가 이루어지면 외상 후 성장을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료 된다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2014

연구 목적: 본 연구는 목적은 신임소방대원 직무 관련 출동 스트레스, 대처방법과 직무관련 출동 스트레스의 영향요인을 알아보고자 하는데 있다. 연구 방법: 직무관련 출동 스트레스원은 Beaton 등(1998)이 사용한 33개 문항의 VAS(Visual Analogue Scale)을 사용하여 측정하였고 대처 방식 척도는 이장호와 김정희(1988)의 62문항으로 구성된 질문지를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 14.0 program을 이용하여 t -test와 ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient과 다중 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과: 잘못된 신고로 인한 출동이 가장 빈번하게 노출되는 스트레스원(95건, 71.4%)이고 이때 가장 많은 스트레스(3.84)를 받는 것으로 나타났다. 직무관련 출동 스트레스는 적극적 대처(r = .420, p < .001)와 소극적 대처(r = .450, p < .001)에서, 적극적 대처는 소극적 대처(r = .890, p < .001)에서 통계적으로 유의한 강한 상관관계를 나타났다. 직무관련 출동 스트레스 영향요인은 수동적 대처(t = 2.12, p < .05), 동료가 부상이나 죽음위험을 경험을 한 경우(t = 3.30, p < .001), 근무기간이 6개월 이내(t = -2.30, p < .05), 본인이 부상이나 죽음경험을 한 경우(t = 2.05, p < .05)로 나타났다. 결 론: 외상 후 스트레스 장애로 진행되지 않도록 적극적 대처에 대한 교육과 중재의 제도개선이 요구되고 사회적 지지와 지속적인 관심이 필요하다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2015

목적: 본 연구는 항암치료 단계 유방암 환자의 PTSD, 대처방식, 사회적 지지의 관계를 파악하여 암환자의 PTSD에 관한 효과적인 간호중재의 기초자료를 제시하기 위함이다. 방법: J시 소재 G지역암센터 외과 외래를 방문한 만 30세 이상이며, 항암치료단계인 유방암 환자134명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 18.0프로그램을 이용하여 서술통계, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients 등을 실시하였다. 결과: 항암치료 단계 유방암 환자의 외상 후 스트레스 장애는 26.9%가 PTSD 고위험군, 17.9%가 PTSD 위험군에 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 대상자의 PTSD 그룹(고위험군, 위험군, 정상)의 대처방식(적극적 대처, 소극적 대처), 사회적 지지의 상관관계는 PTSD 고위험군인 경우 적극적 대처와 소극적 대처가 유의미한 정적 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, PTSD 고위험군에서 사회적 지지와 적극적 대처는 유의미한 정적 상관관계를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 항암치료 단계 유방암 환자 중 26.9%가 PTSD 증상을 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, PTSD 고위험군에서 사회적 지지가 증가할수록 적극적 대처가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 암은 평생 자기관리가 필요한 질병임을 고려할 때 높은 사회적 지지는 자신의 건강관리 능력을 증진시킬 수 있는 계기가 될 수 있을 것이며, 더 나아가 PTSD 고위험군에게 있어 높은 사회적 지지는 환자의 스트레스를 줄이고 삶의 질을 높이는데 효과적인 역할을 할 것이라 여겨진다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.169-181
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• 2011

Objectives: The Child Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (CROPS) and the Parent Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (PROPS) are screening measures for post-traumatic symptoms in children. The present study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the Korean versions of the CROPS and the PROPS. Methods: The Korean versions of the CROPS and the PROPS were administered to a sample of 304 children aged 6 to 15 years old. The internal reliability, test-retest reliability, factorial validity, predictive validity and concurrent validity were evaluated. Results: The reliability of the CROPS and the PROPS was shown to have excellent internal consistency and test-retest correlation. The single factor structure of the PROPS was good and that of the CROPS was borderline acceptable according to confirmatory factor analysis. Other validity measures such as the predictive validity and concurrent validity were also shown to be satisfactory. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the Korean versions of the CROPS and the PROPS were reliable measures with satisfactory psychometric qualities. Because it takes less than 5 minutes to fill out the CROPS and the PROPS, respectively they can be quick and easy screening scales for assessing post-traumatic symptoms in Korean children.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.256-265
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• 2009

Objectives : The aims of this study were to assess a) the prevalence of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) in schizophrenic patients and b) the differences in symptomatology and outcome after 1year treatment between those with and without PTSD. Methods : Twenty eight schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients completed the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), Life Stressor Checklist-Revised(LSCL-R), Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale(CAPS), Dissociative Experiences Scale(DES), Hamilton Psychiatry Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSE). Results : Twenty six patients(92.9%) had at least one trauma in their life time. Eleven patients(39.3%) were diagnosed with PTSD. PTSD group had significantly higher scores on HAM-D and DES but lower scores on RSE. PTSD group also had significantly lower score in the baseline PANSS Negative score. Higher CAPS scores were significantly correlated with lower baseline PANSS Negative score and greater change after 1year of PANSS Negative score. Conclusion : These results showed that the prevalences of trauma and PTSD are high in schizophrenic patients and suggested that PTSD and trauma-related symptoms affected the symptomatology and treatment outcome. More research is warranted to better understand the effects of PTSD in schizophrenic patients.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2015

Objective : Police officers are exposed to job-related traumatic events and have a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined the relationship between PTSD symptoms and dimensions of temperament and character in police officers. Method : Thirty-six police officers participating in a psychological support program were enrolled. All subjects were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and other self-reported symptoms scales. Results : Among all participants (age $40.8{\pm}10.2$, men 94.4%), the rate of 'post-traumatic stress symptoms group' was 47.2%. After controlling for confounding factors, lower self-directedness scores were significantly associated with higher PTSD symptoms (${\beta}=0.6$, p=0.03) in multiple regression analysis. Conclusion : Character traits, especially self-directedness, were associated with the severity of PTSD symptoms severity. These findings may provide useful information regarding personality factors related to PTSD in police officers.