• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.174-183
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• 1999

Objective : This study was designed to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) after motor vehicle accidents(MVA) in 44 consecutive MVA victims referred to psychiatry for the diagnosis, treatment and psychiatric assessment. Method : The diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder was made on the basis of DSM-IV criteria, and posttraumatic stress symptoms were assessed by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale(CAPS). Correlation between the extent of physical injury and the severity of PTSD symptoms using the Abbreviated Injury Scale(AIS) was analyzed and the frequency of psychiatric comorbidity of PTSD was invested. Result : Twenty-two(45.5%) MVA victims met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD, while thirteen(29.5%) showed a subsyndromal form of it. AIS scores significantly related with the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms(r=0.565, p=0.0001). PTSD group showed high percentages of each of the 17 symptoms(criterion B, C, D), while subsyndromal PTSD group showed relatively high percentages of criterion Band D. The most frequent symptom was 'distressing dreams' of criterion B in both group. A high percentages(56%) of the MVA-PTSD group also met the criteria for current major depression. Conclusions : These findings suggest that there is apparently a high likelihood of developing all or part of the PTSD syndrome after motor vehicle accidents. So it does appear that for those MVA victims who seek medical attention and eventually need psychiatric referral, diagnostic possibility of PTSD should be taken into account in treatment planning and early intervention.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the perception of the somatic symptoms and the cognitive emotion regulation strategies in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods : A total of 48 patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for PTSD and 48 normal controls were recruited for participation in this study. We evaluated subjects using Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). We analyzed data using an independent t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results : In terms of SSAS, PTSD patients presented higher average SSAS scores than normal controls but the result is not statistically significant. In PTSD patients, the severity of PTSD is significantly correlated with CERQ-rumination and CERQ-catastrophizing. The SSAS scores of PTSD patients show the significant positive correlation with PTSD hyperarousal symptoms, CERQ-catastrophizing and CERQ-blaming others. Conclusions : These results reveal that patients with PTSD have maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies such as rumination and catastrophizing. Somato-sensory amplification seems to be related with PTSD hyperarousal, CERQ-catastrophizing and CERQ-blaming others. Therefore, reducing somato-sensory amplification, rumination and catastrophizing can be helpful to reduce PTSD symptoms and somatic symptoms in PTSD patients.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2016

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the effects of resilience on posttraumatic stress symptoms and dissociation and whether depression mediates the relationships between resilience and posttraumatic stress symptoms and dissociation. Methods : A total of 115 firefighters participated in the study. Data were collected via the Life Events Checklist, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Dissociative Experience Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Structural equation modeling and path analysis were applied to estimate the relationships between resilience, depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and dissociation. Results : Greater resilience was associated with lower posttraumatic stress symptoms and dissociation, and the relationship between them was fully mediated by depression. Conclusions : Specific aspects of depression may help explain the relationships between resilience and posttraumatic stress symptoms and dissociation. Tailored prevention programs and treatments based on resilience and depression may prevent posttraumatic stress symptoms and dissociation in firefighters and improve treatments outcomes among firefighters with posttraumatic stress symptoms and/or dissociation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.213-215
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 소방대원들의 외상사건 경험이 외상후 스트레스장애 증상, 정서적 탈진, 신체증상, 사회 및 직업기능에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 이들 간의 관계를 설명하는 가설적 모형을 구축하고 검증하므로써 소방공무원의 근무여건 개선 및 외상후 스트레스 관리방안 마련을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 전국의 소방공무원 2,167명을 대상으로 2008년 1월20일부터 2008년 2월 15일까지 이메일을 통한 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 연구 도구는 일반적 특성 및 근무특성 설문, 외상사건경험 설문, 사건충격척도(IES-R-K), 정서적 탈진척도(MBI), 신체증상 측정도구, 사회 및 직업기능척도(SOFAS)를 사용하였다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.05b
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• pp.582-583
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 소방대원들의 외상사건 경험이 외상후 스트레스장애 증상, 정서적 탈진, 신체증상, 사회 및 직업기능에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 이들 간의 관계를 설명하는 가설적 모형을 구축하고 검증함으로써 소방공무원의 근무여건 개선 및 외상후 스트레스 관리방안 마련을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 전국의 소방공무원 2,167명을 대상으로 2008년 1월20일부터 2008년 2월 15일까지 이메일을 통한 설문 조사를 실시하였으며, 연구도구는 일반적 특성 및 근무특성 설문, 외상사건경험 설문, 사건충격척도(IES-R-K), 정서적 탈진척도(MBI), 신체증상 측정도구, 사회 및 직업기능척도(SOFAS)를 사용하였다.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2003

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference of cognitve function among patients with posttraumatic stress disorder according to severity of symptoms. Methods: The subjects were 90 psychiatric inpatients and outpatients with posttraumatic stress disorer(by DSM-IV criteria) after traffic accident. The severity of symptoms was assessed by MMPI subscales; depression, psychasthenia, schizophrenia. The impairment of cognitive function was assessed by Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale(K-WAIS). Based on scores of the MMPI subscales, the patients were divided into high group(above 70 percentile) and low group(below 30 percentile). We estimated the difference of the K-WAIS score and subtest score in the low group and high group of the MMPI subscales by indedpendent t-test. Results: The scores of high group is significantly higher in the subtests of information, vocabulary, similarity, picture completion, and picture arrangement than the low group for psychasthenia subscale of MMPI. And the score of high group is significantly higher in full scale I.Q., verbal I.Q., performance I.Q., verbal subscales except digit span and simiarity, and performance subscales than low group for schiozphrenia subscale of MMPI. Conclusion: It was found cognitive function was more impaired in the group of PTSD with severe symptom compared to the group of PTSD with mild symptoms. We suggest that psychiatrist should consider various cognitive approaches as well as pharmacotherapy in the management of PTSD.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.411-430
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• 2016

The purpose of the present study was to examine psychological consequences of indirect trauma exposure through the disaster news. Participants(N=439) completed some self-report questionnaires such as Posttraumatic Risk Checklist(PRC), Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-R), and Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale(MFODS) at 68.11(±18.47) days after the Sewol ferry disaster. The data were analyzed with structural equation modeling by AMOS 23.0 program. The results showed that fear of death and periand post-traumatic crisis factors mediated the association of news exposure immediately after disaster and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Findings in this study indicated that news exposure immediately after disaster influenced fear of death which led to the peri- and post-traumatic crisis, and these crisis factors increased posttraumatic stress symptoms. Finally, limitations of this study and suggestions for future study were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.116-128
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• 2015

The purpose of research is to investigate mediating effect of stress management on influence over post traumatic stress disorder with traumatic case experience. In order to investigate, police officers from 4 police stations in Jeju were selected as subjects, 297 police officers. Data processing analysis of the research was verified by going through Baron & Kenny's regression analysis in 4 phases and Sobel Test was done to verify significance level on mediation effect. Through the research by confirming the manifestation route of post traumatic stress disorder symptom after traumatic case experience, assisted in setting up of appropriate post traumatic stress disorder intervention program and the purpose of research is to ultimately help police officers to break free from post traumatic stress and establish positive and dynamic work environment.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2022

Objectives : This study intends to assess the associations among perceived stigma at the time of infection, coping strategies adopted 12 months later and depressive and posttraumatic symptoms 24 months later in Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) survivors. Methods : A nationwide cohort study was conducted on 63 survivors of 2015 MERS outbreak. Demographic data, illness severity of MERS, depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms, coping strategies and MERS-related stigma were collected 12 and 24 months after the MERS outbreak, respectively. Results : Higher levels of perceived stigma at the time of outbreak were associated with higher levels of dysfunctional coping strategies after 12 months (p=0.003) and more severe depressive (p=0.058) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (p=0.011) after 24 months. Moreover, higher levels of dysfunctional coping strategies after 12 months were significantly associated with more severe depressive (p=0.002) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (p<0.001) after 24 months. Conclusions : Social stigma against people who have contracted an emerging infectious disease can leave a negative impact on the mental health of the survivors in the long term. In case of novel pandemics in the future, prompt rectification of stigma and promotion of adaptive coping strategies in survivors are needed.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.118-129
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• 2019

Firefighters are high-risk group for posttraumatic stress disorder because they are repeatedly exposed to traumatic events. In this study, we examined the effects of a short-term, intensive, Mind subtraction meditation-based healing program on the ruminations and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms of firefighters. In 2019, we used a survey questionnaire to assess the intrusive ruminations of 80 firefighters at a firefighting headquarters before and after implementing the Mind subtraction meditation-based healing program and personal journals over a period of two nights and three days. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, from 32.40 (± 14.67) to 30.31 (± 13.76) among the male subjects, and a significant decrease in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, from 32.03 (± 13.31) to 27.33 (± 10.68) and intrusive ruminations, from 5.21 (± 7.32) to 3.41 (± 6.30), among the female subjects. In conclusion, the Mind subtraction meditation-based healing program was effective in reducing the posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and intrusive ruminations of firefighters. Therefore, the Mind subtraction meditation-based healing program could be proposed as a mental health promotion program for firefighters.