• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.451-472
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine implicit associations of negative emotion (i.e. anxiety and depression) and self among a college students having experienced posttraumatic stress symptoms. The participants were 61 college students(male 16, female 45). They were classified into two groups, trauma group(n=35) and control group(n=26) according to scores of Korean version of Impact of Events Scale-Revised. Two groups were compared with regard to automatic self-anxious and self-depressive associations measured with the Implicit Association Test using both words and facial expression pictures, respectively. As results, trauma group showed more enhanced self-anxious association in the words conditions, and stronger self-anxious and self-depressive associations in the pictures conditions than control group, whereas there were no significant differences between two groups in explicit cognition and depression. These results suggest that traumatic experiences could influence self-concepts in the automatic process. Limitations of the current study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.227-236
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• 2018

This study was conducted to define hippocampal volume differences between a stress-laid group and normal individual group via meta-analysis. This investigation included studies that contained hippocampal volume measurements in association with stress from 1990 to 2016. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of hippocampal volumes were used to determine the mean size, standard deviation and sample size. The pooled effect size was measured by the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval. This meta-analysis included 13 studies comprising 374 stress subjects and 439 normal subjects. Eight studies targeted war-related veterans and holocaust survivors, while five targeted personal trauma associated with childhood abuse, rape, accident or financial hardship. The overall mean effect size (Hedges' g) was -0.70 (-1.04; -0.37). Overall, the SMD value was -0.70, with a moderate effect size, but high heterogeneity. Depending on the characteristics of the stressor, studies were divided by subgroups of war-related veterans and subjects with personal trauma and then analyzed again. In the war-related subgroup, the Hedges' g was -0.47 (-0.78; -0.16), while in the personal stressor-related subgroup it was -0.91 (-1.57; -0.26). These results indicate that there was a significant negative correlation between psychological stress and hippocampal volume.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.35-58
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify the moderating effect of social support between daily life stress and suicidal ideation of North Korean refugee women in South Korea. We survey with self-report questionnaires for 156 refugee women, conduct descriptive and regression analysis. As results, (1) almost half of the surveyed experience suicidal ideation in a year, (2) daily life stress affects suicidal ideation controlling with depression, PTSD, alcohol use, income, and age, (3) social support which North Korea refugee women perceive buffers the relationship between life stress and suicidal ideation. From these results, implications are suggested. Gender cognitive policies are needed in North Korea refugees in South Korea. Also, community mental health services and sustainable community program for North Korea refugee women are important to prevent their suicidal attempts.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

Objective : This study aimed at investigating the relationship between exposure frequency of job related trauma types and the PTSD symptoms severity of firefighters, in relation to the moderating effect that anger rumination plays in the association between those of them. Methods : We examined data from 116 firefighters from Gyeonggi-do. The following instruments were applied: the Life Events Checklist (LEC), the Korean version of the Anger Rumination Scale (K-ARS) and the Primary Care PTSD screen (PC-PTSD). Results : A higher exposure frequency of job related trauma types was associated with severe PTSD symptoms; we discovered, however, that anger rumination exacerbated their relationship. Conclusion : This study showed that anger rumination is one of the variables to exacerbate PTSD symptoms in firefighters. Therefore, the study emphasizes the need to consider the level of anger rumination when running a program to predict or mitigate PTSD symptoms in firefighters.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.531-538
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• 2019

The Purpose of This Study was to Identify The Relation of Emotional Intelligence, Self-leadership, Professional Quality of Life among Clinical Nurses. Participants were 197 Nurses Drawn from a General Hospital in Busan, Ulsan, & Gyungnam. Mean, Standard Deviation, Independent t-test, One way ANOVA and Correlation with SPSS/Win 23.0 Program were Used for Data Analysis. The Mean score Emotional Intelligence was 4.68/7, Self-leadership was 3.35/5. Professional Quality of Life was 2.98/5. Professional Quality of life is Consisted of 3 Subcategories as Compassion Satisfaction, Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burn out. 19.8% of The Participants Reported a High ProQOL (Compassion Satisfaction more than 75%, Burn out less than 25% & Secondary Traumatic Stress less than 25%). Compassion Satisfaction was Positively Correlated Emotional Intelligence and Self-leadership. Burn out was Negatively Correlated Emotional Intelligence and Self-leadership. Emotional Intelligence was Positively Correlated Self-leadership. On the Basis of Result, Program Development are Required to Improve Compassion Satisfaction, Emotional Intelligence and Self-leadership on Clinical Nurses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.327-335
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze research trends on trauma in maritime police officers and police officers in Korea and suggest future research directions. We collected 57 studies related to trauma in maritime police and police from Korean Citation Index listed journals and analyzed basic information, subjects, research methods, measurements and related variables. The results showed that studies have been conducted sporadically from 2010 and only six out of the 57 studies were conducted for maritime police officers. Police administration (59.6 %) was the most common area of researchers' major, followed by psychology (19.3 %), medicine and nursing (10.5 %), social welfare (8.8 %) and education(1.8 %). Five out of the six maritime police studies were conducted in the police administration field. Most of the studies adopted the quantitative research method (78.9 %). Only three studies adopted the qualitative method, all of which targeted police officers. The IES-R-K was the most used PTSD scale, followed by the PDS and the PCL-5. Trauma-related variables were commonly conducted in the order of traumatic event experience, resilience, stress-coping methods and social support. Finally, the implications of the findings of our study and the suggestions for further research were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.187-217
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• 2022

The aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5(PCL-5). For this purpose, online surveys were conducted for two times with a one year interval using the data from 1,077 Korean adults at time 1, and 563 Korean adults at time 2. First, from the result of the confirmatory factor analysis, comparing the model fit of the 1, 4, 6, and 7-factor model, the 4, 6, and 7-factor model showed a acceptable fit, and the best fit was seen in the order of the 7, 6, 4-factor model. Second, the internal consistency, omega coefficient, construct validity, average variance extracted, and test-retest reliability results were all satisfactory.. Third, a correlation analysis with the K-PC-PTSD-5 and the sub-factors of BSI-18 was conducted to check the validity of the Korean Version of PCL-5. As a result, a positive correlation was seen with both K-PC-PTSD-5 and BSI-18. Fourth, a hierarchical multiple regression was performed to examine whether the Korean Version of PCL-5 predicts future PTSD, depression, anxiety, and somatization. As a result, the Korean Version of PCL-5 measured at time 1 significantly predicted PTSD, depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms at time 2. Fifth, by analyzing the ROC curve, the discriminant power of PCL-5 for screening PTSD symptom groups was confirmed, and the best cut-off score was suggested. As a result of the longitudinal validation of Korean version of PCL-5, it was found that this scale is a reliable and valid measure for Korean adults. By looking into the predictive validity of the scale, it was found that the Korean version of PCL-5 can predict not only PTSD symptoms but also PTSD-related symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and somatization. Also, this study differs from previous validation studies measuring PTSD symptoms in that it suggested a cut-off score to help differentiate PTSD symptom groups.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.18-23
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• 2009

지난 50여년간 국가유공자 및 제대군인의 보상은 전쟁 및 군복무중 발생한 상이처로 인해 장애를 입은 자를 중심으로 보상해 왔으며, 군 복무 중 발생한 질병의 보상에 대해서는 아직까지 심도 있게 논의된바 없다. 우선 한국의 군복무와 관련한 질병 보상과 관련한 본격적인 논의에 앞서 중요하게 고려되야 할 부분은 우리보다 100여년 이상 앞서 연구해 왔고 지금까지도 활발히 진행중인 미국의 질병 보상 제도와 질병 인정범위에 대해 분석해볼 필요성이 제기된다. 미국의 군복무와 관련한 질병에 관한 최초 보상의 역사는 1800년대로 군복무와 관련한 질병에 관한 대표적인 최초의 보상 질환은 PTSD(Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)의 초기 형태인 향수병(nostalgia)으로 이 질환이 군복무와 연관된 질환으로 인정받은 최초 질병이었다. 미국의 경우 미국의 군복무와 관련된 질환은 직접질환과 추정 질환으로 분류되는데 먼저 군복무 직접 질환의 경우 질병 보상이 되는 대표적 질환은 고혈압, 당뇨, 빈혈, 동맥경화증, 관절염, 심장염, 간질, 신장염, 정신병, 활동성 결핵, 위궤양 등 거의 모든 질환이 포함되어 있다. 특히, 정신병 흡연과 음주에 의한 질환 자살도 남에게 피해를 주지 않은 경우는 대부분 보상이 된다. 이상 살펴본 바와 같이 선진국에 비해 한국의 군복무와 관련한 질병보상 범위와 너무도 상이한데 국가유공자예우에 관한 법률 시행령 제 14조에 의거 1급부터 7급까지 등급판정을 부여하는데 이는 대부분 외상에 의한 절단, 관통상, 신체 기능상실자를 위주로 보상을 하고 있어 외상과의 합병증이 없는 질병에 대한 보상은 실질적으로 거의 인정을 받지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 끝으로 군복무와 관련한 질병 보상과 의료, 복지증진을 위한 종합적인 발전 방안을 몇가지 제언코자 한다. 첫째, 제대군인 질병연구센타 설립. 둘째, 정신질환, 외상후 스트레스장애군(PTSD), 진행성 질환 무상의료 지원 및 연금지급 셋째, 고엽제 2세환자의 역학조사가 필요하다.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.214
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• pp.35-37
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• 2007

당뇨병환자에서 발생하는 가장 중요한 급성 합병증인 당뇨병성 케톤산증이나 고삼투성 비케톤성 혼수는 인슐린의 투여를 중단하였거나 감염, 외상 등의 신체적 손상이나 정신적 스트레스에 의하여 인슐린에 대한 길항 호르몬들이 과분비돼 발생한다. 일반적으로 당뇨병성 케톤산증은 인슐린 의존형 당뇨병환자 중 주로 젊은 층에서 자주 나타나며 병의 경과가 빠르게 진행되기 때문에 고삼투압 상태보다는 케톤산혈증이 주요 문제가 된다. 반면에 고삼투압성 비케톤성 혼수는 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병환자 중 주로 노인층에서 호발하며 병의 경과가 서서히 진행하기 때문에 심한 고혈당 상태로 인한 고삼투압 상태가 주요 문제가 된다. 이와같은 당뇨병의 급성 대사성 합병증들은 치료가 지연되거나 적절한 치료가 행해지지 못했을 때는 예후가 극히 불량하며 사망률 또한 높은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이에 급성 대사성 합병증 중 당뇨병성 케톤산증의 병인, 진단 및 치료 등을 알아보기로 한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.393-405
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a scale of vicarious trauma for sexual violence counselors. To this end, the concept of composition and preliminary questions of the vicarious trauma of sexual violence counselors were selected through the analysis of a content of individual interviews of sexual violence counselors and the precedent theory. Then, preliminary scale was developed after expert's evaluation of the validity of the contents. Next, as a result of a confirmatory factor analysis on the preliminary scale of 349 sexual violence counselors with experience in consulting sexual violence clients, it is confirmed that the conformity of five-factor structure was found to be favorable. As a result of convergent and discriminative validity analysis, it was confirmed that the developed scale is a reasonable tool for measuring vicarious trauma of sexual violence counselors by showing proper correlation with Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, Counselor Burnout Inventory and Inventory of Countertransference Behavior. Furthermore, as a result of correlation analysis between professional identity and Belief in a Just World, it confirmed that it has predictive validity of the scale by indicating a high negative correlation. Furthermore, the relationship between the scale of vicarious trauma of sexual violence counselors and career background was analyzed. Finally, based on the results of this study, the significance and limitations of this study and the direction of future research were discussed.