• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.259-261
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• 2004

일반 증류수로 제조된 완충용액으로 미세조류를 파쇄하였을 때 미세조류의 두꺼운 세포벽에 의해 단백질 추출이 효율적으로 이루어지지 않는다. 따라서 일차원 및 이차원 전기영동법을 사용하여 단백질 발현 양상을 분석할 때 효율이 떨어진다. 본 연구에서는 물의 클러스트가 작아 세포벽에 잘 흡수될 수 있다고 알려진 환원전리수를 사용하여 효율적으로 단백질을 추출하였고, 이차원 전기영동법으로 단백질 발현 양상을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.137-164
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• 2018

The guarantee of the performance of the engineered barriers in a geological repository is very important for the long-term safety of disposal as well as the efficient design of the repository. Therefore, the performance of the engineered barriers under repository condition should be demonstrated by in-situ experiments conducted in an underground research laboratory. This article provides a review of the major in-situ experiments that have been carried out over the past several decades at underground research laboratories around the world to validate the performance of engineered barriers of a repository, as well as their results. In-situ experiments to study the coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical behavior of the engineered barrier system used to simulate the post-closure performance of the repository are analyzed as a priority. In addition, in-situ experiments to investigate the performance of the buffer material under a real repository environment have been reviewed. State-of-the art in-situ validations of the buffer-concrete interaction, and the installation of the buffer, backfill and plug, as well as characterization of the near-field rock and the corrosion of the canister materials are, also performed.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.544-552
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• 2000

Norway has the geological of condition of hard bedrocks, high mountains, deep valleys and fjords. In this background many tunnels and rock caverns are developed. In this process of constructing tunnels and rock caverns Norway seems to have strong competitiveness in the construction of tunnels. In spite of high salaries to the tunnel workers, Norwegian contractors are probably producing the cheapest tunnels and rock caverns in the world. Besides benefit of hard-rock geology, Norwegian cost-saying is owing to the Norwegian excavation technique in hard rocks such as unlined pressure tunnels, air cushion chambers, underwater piercing, and reasonable contract system and organization of workers developed from the accumulated experience. Brief analytical description of them are given in this paper in order to stimulate the utilization of the underground spaces.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.64-69
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• 2007

이 논문은 촉각 가상 환경(Haptic Virtual Environment)에서 촉각(haptic) 데이터를 촉각 데이터 특성에 맞추어 네트워크에 적응적이고 효율적으로 전송할 수 있는 전송 알고리즘을 제안한다. 촉감 상호작용 측정을 위해 네트워크 햅틱 협업 응용을 작성하였고 지연, 지터, 손실에 따른 변화를 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 네트워크 트래픽에 적응할 수 있는 알고리즘을 구성하였다. 손실되거나 지터의 영향을 받은 패킷에는 간단한 선형예측 방법을 사용하여 보상하여 손실과 지터로 인한 오차를 줄였다. 이는 심각한 손실이나 지터에 의해 떨림 현상이 나타나는 햅틱 장치의 문제점을 개선하게 되었다. 또한 네트워크 협업에서 지연이 발생할 때 나타나는 클라이언트들 사이의 비동시성을 해결하기 위하여 완충시간을 두었다. 지연이 큰 클라이언트는 버퍼를 사용하지 않고 실시간으로 처리하고, 지연이 적은 클라이언트는 버퍼를 사용하여 전송받은 좌표를 완충시킨 후에 처리하는 방법을 사용하여 클라이언트들 사이의 햅틱 렌더링을 동기화 하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 다양한 네트워크 상황에서의 협업에서 개선된 결과를 보였다. 이를 바탕으로 향후 선형예측 방법을 다양하게 적용시키고 서버와 클라이언트 사이의 동기화를 구현하는 알고리즘을 작성할 것이다. 본 논문은 다양한 네트워크 상황 에서 햅틱 데이터를 전송하고 처리하는 연구의 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.425-433
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• 1998

The characteristics of the reaction of calcium carbonate $(CaCO_3)$ immobilized with alginate as buffer system for the high concentration cultivation of bifidobacteria in fermenter are described by the mathematical model, and tested for the reusing possibility of the used $CaCO_3$ beads. When$CaCO_3$ beads with the various diameters were reacted in 0.1 M of the mixed organic acids (0.6 M of acetic acid and 0.4 M lactic acid) and in fermenter inoculated Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707, the change of bead diameters can be calculated with the amount of the decreased $CaCO_3$ from the surface of bead using the mathematical model. These values was similar to the directly measured bead diameter by a micrometer. Therefore, it was considered that the mathematical model could be used for explaining the reaction charateristics of the $CaCO_3$ bead reacted with the organic acids. When Bifidobacterium longum was incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 20 hours in fermenter with $CaCO_3$ beads, the buffering effect of $CaCO_3$, the reduce rate of the bead diameter, and the growth rate of Bifidobacterium longum were higher at the smaller beads than beads with the larger diameters. Also, when Bifidobacterium longum was incubated in fermenter with the mixed beads which were added new beads to the recovered beads in order to equalize with the total surface area of initial beads, the buffering effect of $CaCO_3$ bead and the growth rate of Bifidobacterium longum were very corresponded with the results of the fermentation using the only initial beads. Therfore, it is expected that the used beads can be reused by adding the initial beads.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2009

Genetic diagnosis method of Virion Captured (VC)/RT-PCR for Rice stripe virus (RSV) and Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), Korean major rice viruses transmitted by small brown plant hopper, Laodelphax striatellus, was developed. Virion extraction buffer for rice plant was 0.01M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing 0.5% sodium sulfite. However, the extraction buffer for L. striatellus was 0.01M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing 0.5% sodium sulfite and 2% polyvinylpyrrolidone wt 40,000 (PVP-40). Specific primers for detection of RSV and RBSDV were selected for VC/RT-PCR method. The specific primers were used as a duplex primer to detect viruliferous small brown plant hopper collected from Gimpo, Pyeongtaek and Siheung areas in Gyeonggi province. The genetic diagnosis methods of single and duplex VC/RT-PCR for RSV and RBSDV could be used easily and economically, especially on the diagnosis of L. striatellus. The rate of viruliferous insect (RVI) for RSV was compared with ELISA and VC/RT-PCR for L. striatellus collected from fields. RVI by ELISA was same as 9.2% with RVI by VC/RT-PCR. However, there were some different detection results between the methods. It could be suggested that there is a possibility of serological and/or genomic differences among RSV isolates. The portion of RVI detected simultaneously by ELISA and VC/RT-PCR was 71.0%, and the detection rate from VC/RT-PCR was higher as 3.2% than that from ELISA, which had a reason of simultaneous detection ability both RSV and RBSDV of VC/RT-PCR.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.191-202
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• 2005

비정질 실리콘 태양전지 대신에 열화가 더 적은 프로터결정 실리콘(pc-Si:H)을 상층전지 흡수층으로 사용한 고효율 실리콘계 적층형(pc-Si:H/$\mu$c-Si:H) 박막 태양전지를 개발하였다. 우선, 높은 전도도와 넓은 에너지 밴드갭 특성을 갖는 p-a-SiC:H 박막을 개발하였고, p/i 계면의 특성 향상을 위해 p-nc-SiC:H 완충층을 개발하였다. 프로터결정 실리콘 다층막을 제작하고 FTIR, 평면 TEM, 단면 TEM 측정을 통해 프로터결정 실리콘 다층막의 우수한 열화 특성의 원인을 규명하였다. 적층형 태양전지의 성능향상을 위해 n-p-p 구조의 터널접합을 제안, 제작하고 특성을 분석하였으며, pc-Si:H/a-Si:H 적층형 태양전지에 적용하여 성능향상을 이루었다. 양질의 하층전지용 마이크로결정 실리콘 박막을 증착하기 위하여 광CVD법과 플라즈마CVD법을 결합한 2단계 마이크로결정 실리콘 증착법을 개발하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.77-82
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• 2004

자동차 공장에서의 생산스케줄은 차체공장에서부터 시작되는데 가장 이상적인 생산스케줄은 차체공장의 생산스케줄이 최종 조립라인의 조립스케줄과 동일하게 구성이 되는 것인데 차체공장, 도장공장, 조립공장의 생산 방식이 서로 다르므로 각각의 생산스케줄 목표에 맞게 투입순서를 조절해야 한다. 이를 위해서 WBS(White Body Storage), CRS(Color Rescheduling Storage), PBS(Painted Body Storage)라는 세 개의 주요 완충공간을 이용한다. 본 논문에서는 시뮬레이션 사례연구를 통하여 CRS와 PBS의 효율적인 운영을 위해 전용레인 설치를 검토하였다. 그 결과 전용레인을 설치하였을 경우 CRS에서는 그룹화비율이 감소하고, 동시에 회송차량이 증가하므로 효과적인 방법이 아님을 알 수 있었다. PBS에 전용레인을 설치한 경우에도 접근금지조건을 위반하는 차량과 회송차량이 증가하여 효율적이지 못함을 알 수 있었다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.885-893
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• 2014

This research reports the enhanced Electrokinetic (EK) with $H_2O_2$ and sodium dodecyl surfate (SDS), which are commonly used in Fenton oxidation and soil flushing method, in order to remediate soil contaminated with heavy metals and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) simultaneously. In addition, influences of property of soil and concentration of chemical solution were investigated through experiments of different types of soils and varying concentration of chemical reagents. The results indicated, in the experiments using artificially contaminated soil, the highest removal efficiency of heavy metals using 10% $H_2O_2$ and 20mM SDS as electrolytes. However, in the experiments using Yong-San soils (study area), remediation efficiency of heavy metals was decreased because high acid buffering capacity. Through experiment of 20% $H_2O_2$ and 40mM SDS, increased electric current influences the remediation of heavy metals due to decrease in the soil pH. In the experiments of Yong-San soils, the remediation efficiency of TPH was decreased compared with artificially spiked soils because high acid buffering capacity and organic carbon contents. Furthermore, the scavenger effect of SDS influenced TPH oxidation efficiency under the conditions of injected 40mM SDS in the soils. Therefore, the property of soil and concentration of chemical reagents cause the electroosmotic flow, soil pH, remediation efficiency of heavy metals and TPH.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.603-618
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• 2023

This study focused on evaluating the suitability of the WRK (waste repository Korea) bentonite as a buffer material in the SNF (spent nuclear fuel) repository. The U (uranium) adsorption/desorption characteristics and the adsorption mechanisms of the WRK bentonite were presented through various analyses, adsorption/desorption experiments, and kinetic adsorption modeling at various pH conditions. Mineralogical and structural analyses supported that the major mineral of the WRK bentonite is the Ca-montmorillonite having the great possibility for the U adsorption. From results of the U adsorption/desorption experiments (intial U concentration: 1 mg/L) for the WRK bentonite, despite the low ratio of the WRK bentonite/U (2 g/L), high U adsorption efficiency (>74%) and low U desorption rate (<14%) were acquired at pH 5, 6, 10, and 11 in solution, supporting that the WRK bentonite can be used as the buffer material preventing the U migration in the SNF repository. Relatively low U adsorption efficiency (<45%) for the WRK bentonite was acquired at pH 3 and 7 because the U exists as various species in solution depending on pH and thus its U adsorption mechanisms are different due to the U speciation. Based on experimental results and previous studies, the main U adsorption mechanisms of the WRK bentonite were understood in viewpoint of the chemical adsorption. At the acid conditions (＜pH 3), the U is apt to adsorb as forms of UO₂²⁺, mainly due to the ionic bond with Si-O or Al-O(OH) present on the WRK bentonite rather than the ion exchange with Ca²⁺ among layers of the WRK bentonite, showing the relatively low U adsorption efficiency. At the alkaline conditions (>pH 7), the U could be adsorbed in the form of anionic U-hydroxy complexes (UO₂(OH)₃^-, UO₂(OH)₄^2-, (UO₂)₃(OH)₇^-, etc.), mainly by bonding with oxygen (O^-) from Si-O or Al-O(OH) on the WRK bentonite or by co-precipitation in the form of hydroxide, showing the high U adsorption. At pH 7, the relatively low U adsorption efficiency (42%) was acquired in this study and it was due to the existence of the U-carbonates in solution, having relatively high solubility than other U species. The U adsorption efficiency of the WRK bentonite can be increased by maintaining a neutral or highly alkaline condition because of the formation of U-hydroxyl complexes rather than the uranyl ion (UO₂²⁺) in solution,and by restraining the formation of U-carbonate complexes in solution.