• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.557-557
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• 2012

최근 기상변화로 인한 게릴라성 집중호우 등의 증가로 재해 발생이 빈번하게 발생하고 있으며, 특히 도시지역에서의 홍수피해로 막대한 인명과 재산피해가 발생하고 있는 실정이다. 도시지역 내로 유입되는 홍수는 매우 복잡한 흐름특성을 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있다. 홍수의 대부분은 도로와 합류부를 통해 흐르므로 도시지역 내에서 홍수로 인한 피해를 저감하기 위해서는 도로 교차로에서의 홍수파의 전파특성을 분석하는 것이 중요하다. 교차로에서 흐름은 유입되는 유량이 상대적으로 적고 도로의 경사가 비교적 완만한 경우 상류 특성을 나타내나 이와 반대일 경우에는 상류 및 사류가 공존하는 복잡한 수면형을 나타낸다. (Mignot, 2005) 현재까지 국내외적으로 홍수흐름 분석에 관한 대부분의 수치적 연구에서는 주로 수직방향으로의 홍수파 변화양상에 대해서는 무시하며, 물의 압력이 정수압이라는 2차원적 가정으로 수행되어져 왔다. 그리고 대부분의 연구는 도시지역을 구성하는 건물 등이 홍수흐름에 어떤 영향을 미치는가 및 직각 교차로에 대한 분석을 수행하였으나 사각 교차로에 대한 홍수흐름에 대한 연구는 아직 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구는 3차원 수직모형을 이용하여 사각 수로 합류부에서의 상류 및 사류에 대한 흐름특성을 수리모형실험 결과와 비교분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.235-235
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• 2018

홍수 시의 산지하천 만곡부는 2차류 발생과 편수위 상승에 따른 하상세굴 및 홍수범람 위험이 크다. 만곡부 외측에 주로 설치되어 있는 콘크리트 옹벽호안은 표면이 매끄러워 홍수피해를 가중 시킨다. 이러한 피해를 저감시키기 위해 콘크리트 옹벽에 돌출줄눈을 설치하여 유속조감 및 설치효과를 분석한 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 제안된 직사각형 단면의 돌출줄눈보다 내구성을 추구한 사다리꼴 단면의 돌출줄눈을 제시하여 수리모형 실험을 수행하였다. 수리모형 실험은 개수로 직선수로에서 수로경사 0.0035 조건에서 수로 출구 게이트를 조절하면서 이루어졌다. 모형 돌출줄눈의 조도높이는 3cm로 하였으며, 사다리꼴 밑각은 $45^{\circ}$로 완만한 경우이다. 설치간격은 무차원 돌출줄눈 간격을 기준으로 ?형 조도인 6으로 하였다. 돌출줄눈의 설치 유무에 따라 유량에 따른 수위를 측정하고 유속을 산정하여, 마찰저항의 변화를 파악하였다. 공급유량에 따른 Froude 수는 0.168~0.359 범위였으며, 유량이 증가에 따라 Manning의 조도계수는 감소하였다. Froude 수가 0.25보다 큰 경우 돌출줄눈설치의 조도계수가 미설치보다 큰 것으로 파악되었다. 그러나 사다리꼴 돌출줄눈의 흐름저항효과는 직사각형 돌출줄눈에 비해 상대적으로 작았다. 수로 횡단면의 수위분포에 따르면, 돌출줄눈 설치 측벽 주변에서 흐름저항에 따른 유속감소와 수위상승 효과가 나타나는 것으로 파악되었다. 이번 사다리꼴 돌출줄눈은 흐름저항 효과가 크지 않았기 때문에 사다리꼴 밑각을 조정하여 새로운 단면에 대한 추가적인 실험이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.326-326
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• 2020

하천의 본류와 지류가 만나는 합류부 흐름특성은 단일 하천에 비하여 수위, 유속, 경사, 유량 등 복잡한 수리학적 특성이 나타나게 된다. 특히, 홍수기 큰 호우사상이 발생하는 경우 본류와 지류에서 유입되는 각 유량의 크기에 따라 수위에 영향을 미치고 지류와 본류에 배수(back water)가 발생한다. 이러한 배수영향은 합류부 유량 산정에 있어서 매우 복잡한 요소로 작용한다. 일반적인 단일 하천에서는 수위가 증가하면 유량이 증가하여 수위관측소 수위 자료를 기반한 수위-유량관계곡선식을 이용하여 유량을 산정한다. 그러나 합류부에서는 배수영향으로 인하여 수위가 증가하더라도 수면경사가 완만해져 수위-유량관계곡선식 변수인 수위를 이용한 방법으로는 유량산정에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 조석 및 배수 영향 등 고리형 수위-유량관계가 발생하는 하천에서는 ADCP를 이용한 자동유량계측 방법을 채택하고 있다. 그러나 자동유량계측 시설을 설치하기 위해서는 고가의 비용이 발생하기 때문에 경제적 측면만 본다면 주요 지점이 아닌 모든 합류부에 설치하는 것은 어려움이 많다. 금강에 위치한 영동군(양강교) 관측소의 경우 하류 약 400m 우안측에서 유입되는 영동천의 영향으로 호우사상이 발생 할 경우 배수영향으로 고수위에서 상류 금산군(제원대교) 관측소와 첨두유량의 도달시간 및 유량 크기에서 역전이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 초기 단계로서 영동군(양강교) 관측소가 위치한 금강과 영동군(초강교) 관측소가 위치한 영동천이 만나는 합류부에 수위계를 설치하였다. 호우사상별 유출에 따른 본류와 지류의 수면경사를 분석하여 배수영향이 시작되는 수위와 수위 상승으로 배수영향이 미미해지는 수위를 분석하여 배수영향 특성을 검토하였다. 이러한 분석은 기존 배수조건에서 왜곡된 유량 자료를 생산하는 수위-유량관계곡선식의 문제점을 개선하여 앞으로 정확한 유량산정 방법을 제시할 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 분석을 통하여 추후 합류부에서 배수영향 조건의 고리형 수위-유량관계곡선식 매개변수로 수위 외에도 수면경사를 고려한 수위-유량관계곡선식을 개발하는데 목적이 있다.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.83-92
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• 2004

A continuous monitoring of textural characteristics of surface sediments, sedimentation rates and beach profile was carried out to investigate the seasonal variations of sedimentary processes in the Imjado beach, southwestern coast of Korea for two years. The beach profiles consist of steep beach face and relatively flat middle and low tide beaches. The slope of the beach face increases in summer and decreases in winter, in good accordance with the standard beach cycle. Ridge and runnel systems are well developed in the middle and low tide beaches during the summer, but these structures are replaced by mega-ripples during the winter. The sediments are fining southward as well as landward. The mean grain-size tends to be increasingly coarser during seasons of autumn and winter on the north beach and during seasons of winter and spring on the south one. In addition, the sediments are eroded on the north beach and accumulated on the south one as a whole. These are probably due to southward transportation of the sediments as long-shore current (NE-SW) runs around the coastal line of the beach. However, the seasonal variations in accumulation rates are very complex and irregular. It is considered that the Imjado beach represents in non-equilibrium state, as a result of coastal and submarine topographic changes by artificial agents and sea-level uprising associated with global warming.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.11
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• pp.999-1009
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• 2018

A Model Tree technique of data mining was applied to derive optimal equations for sediment discharge assessment based on the measured sediment data and then to evaluate stable channel design for Naesung Stream. The sediment discharge formula as a function of channel width, velocity, depth, slope and median grain diameter which was developed by a Model Tree technique with sediment discharge data measured in Korean River had a high goodness-of-fit between measured and calculated results. In case of the sediment discharge formula as a function of channel width, velocity, depth and median grain diameter which was developed by a Model Tree technique with sediment discharge data only measured in Naesung Stream represented the highest goodness-of-fit. Two types of sediment discharge formulas were applied to evaluate stable channel analysis for Yonghyeol Station of Naesung Stream. As a result, bed erosion was expected in the study section compared to the current section. It was also presented that the be slope might be changed to be a milder slope than the current slope to reach equilibrium condition in the long term.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 2012

Distribution, abundance and biomass of submerged macrophytes were assessed using a double-headed rake and an echo-sounder in the Keumpoong Reservoir to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of submerged macrophytes in a small agricultural reservoir located upstream. Slope steepness and water depth in the littoral zone were important controlling factors on flora and vegetation structure of submerged macrophytes. Biodiversity of submerged macrophytes was increased at a gentle slope of the littoral zone. The results of DCA (detrended correspondence analysis) showed that the structure of submerged vegetation depended on the depth of water. Submerged macrophytes were distributed at the maximum water depth of 2.8 m in the Keumpoong Reservoir. The area occupied by the submerged macrophytes was estimated at only 6% of the total reservoir area because of the steep slope of the littoral zone and the large annual water-level fluctuation of 3.5 m. The increase of water level and inflow of turbid water in the rainy season might reduce the biomass of submerged macrophytes in the reservoir. It may be concluded that submerged vegetation in the Keumpoong Reservoir, a small agricultural reservoir located at the upstream, appears to be particularly susceptible to water level fluctuations and slope steepness of the littoral zone.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.6-17
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• 2013

Multicomponent seismic data including both P- and PS-waves have advantages in discriminating the type of pore fluid, characterizing the lithologic attributes and producing the high resolution image. However, multicomponent seismic data recorded at the vertical and horizontal component receivers contain both P- and PS-waves which have different features, simultaneously. Therefore, the wavefield separation of P- and PS-waves as a preprocessing is inevitable in order to use the multicomponent seismic data successfully. In this study, we analyzed the previous study of the wavefield separation method suggested by Jeong and Byun in 2011, where the approximated reflection angle calculated only from one refernce depth is used in rotation transform, and showed its limitation for seismic data containing various reflected events from the multi-layered structure. In order to overcome its limitation, we suggested a new effective wavefield separation method of P- and PS-waves. In new method, we calculate the reflection angles with various reference depths and apply rotation transforms to the data with those reflection angles. Then we stack all results to obtain the final separated data. To verify our new method, we applied it to the synthetic data sets from a multi-layered model, a fault model, and the Marmousi-2 model. The results showed that the proposed method separated successfully P- and PS-reflection events from the multicomponent data from mild dipping layered model as long as the dip is not too steep.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.437-446
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• 2012

As a part of establishing suitability classification for forage production, use of the national soil and climate database was attempted for Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., IRG) in Gangwon Province. The soil data base were from Heugtoram of the National Academy of Agricultural Science, and the climate data base were from the National Center for Agro-Meteorology, respectively. Soil physical properties including soil texture, drainage, slope available depth and surface rock contents, and soil chemical properties including soil acidity and salinity, organic matter content were selected as soil factors. The crieria and weighting factors of these elements were scored. Climate factors including average daily minimum temperature, average temperature from March to May, the number of days of which average temperature was higher than $5^{\circ}C$ from September to December, the number of days of precipitation and its amount from October to May of the following year were selected, and criteria and weighting factors were scored. The electronic maps were developed with these scores using the national data base of soil and climate. Based on soil scores, the area of Goseong, Sogcho, Gangreung, and Samcheog in east coastal region with gentle slope were classified as the possible and/or the proper area for IRG cultivation in Gangwon Province. The lands with gentle or moderate slope of Cheolwon, Yanggu, Chuncheon, Hweongseong, Pyungchang and Jeongsun in west side slope of Taebaeg mountains were classified as the possible and/or proper area as well. Based on climate score, the east coastal area of Goseong, Sogcho, Yangyang, Gangreung and Samcheog could be classified as the possible or proper area. Most area located on west side of the Taebaeg mountains were classified as not suitable for IRG production. In scattered area in Chuncheon and Weonju, where the scores exceeded 60, the IRG cultivation should be carefully managed for good production. For better application of electronic maps.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.137-147
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception factors of a pedestrian environment that affect pedestrian environment satisfaction(PES) and determine the relationship between PES and the expected effects of health promotion. The targeted areas of study are neighborhood parks in Suseong-gu, Daegu city. First, regarding the results for the evaluation of pedestrian environment perception, 'Gentle slope' was rated the highest, while factors regarding pedestrian safety such as 'Lots of unpleasant elements', 'Risk from biking and motorcycling' and 'Many obstacles on sidewalks' were rated low. A stepwise regression analysis showed that factors such as 'Fresh air', 'Beautiful scenery', 'Continuity of the sidewalks', 'Various attractions', 'The shade of trees' and 'Lots of unpleasant elements' influenced the PES. Therefore, creating fresh air and shade trees by planting trees and removing unpleasant elements from pedestrian areas are important. Also, it is necessary to cultivate beautiful scenery and attractions through street improvement and improve the continuity of the sidewalks. Finally, in terms of path analysis, PES influenced the frequency of park use, the expected effects of physical and mental health promotion both directly and indirectly.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

This work is to review the granite landforms studies by Korean geographers. It is verified that geomorphlogical characteristics of granite present landscapes characterized by 1) in case of mountains, are difficultly or irregularly weathered, so as to develop rocky forms such as domes, cliffs, and tors ; 2) in case of stream valley that is inter-massif lowland, low relief hills and flood plains with alluvium. All these facts owe to the difference of weathering mode granite properties. The granite hills and alluvial plains of southwestern coastal parts in Korean peninsula is low undulatory and large owing not only to the existence of highly weathered granitic regolith, but also to frequent flooding. Cultivated brownish field, orchard, meadow and forest are located at granite hills. On the other hand paddy rice field at granite alluvial plains. Korean peninsula have endured erodible geomorphlogical processes since Miocene when warping it up. Therefore many intermontane basins are located on the weathered granite areas which are surrounded by mountains composed of much less Precambrian gneiss complex. In fact, intermontane basin is mainly linear fault-line valley. The landforms of the intermontane basins are characterized by gentle piedmont slopes, alluvial fans, fluvial terraces and alluvial plains.