• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2023

Purpose: During COVID-19, consumers prefer social distancing or contactless activities for safety, and hygienic condition has become one of the most important factors in evaluating restaurants. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether offline/online word-of-mouth is affected by restaurant quality. Research design, data and methodology: The data were collected from 480 consumers who had experiences of visiting a restaurant in the past 90 days and analyzed with SPSS 28.0 and SmartPLS 4.0 programs. Results: Physical environment and menu had positively significant effects on brand love, while employee service and hygiene had no significance on brand love. Restaurant environment, menu, and hygiene had negatively significant effects on brand hate, but employee service had not significant impact on brand hate. Brand love had positively significant effects on offline and online word-of-mouth, and brand hate had negatively significant effects on offline and online word-of-mouth. Conclusions: First, restaurants need to develop a pleasant space where customers can have emotional experiences. Second, restaurants need to fulfill customers' desire for global food consumption. Third, restaurants should ensure hygiene and safety to prevent customers' brand hate. Lastly, restaurants need to establish offline/online word-of-mouth strategy to identify which restaurant quality attributes influence brand love/hate and offline/online word-of-mouth.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.686-708
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• 2013

The goal of this investigation is to examine the matter as to how various cyberpolitical activities such as on-line civic participation, cyber parties, development and movement of civil society networks are appeared in cyberspace; and how political activities in cyberspace are associated with offline environment. This research was based on in-depth and open-ended interviews centering around 20s (32 interviewees) and the major results are as in the following. First, in terms of on-line civic participation, searching political issues occur in places, where internet users can access information easily relatively, and creating or reconstructing political information is identified in places giving stability or affinity to the public society. Second, even though each party's homepage for the channel of cyber parties has enough capacity as bridgespace, which takes charge of supporting f lows of people, goods, capital, and ideas, most of them don't play a role to establish virtual or real networks. Exceptively, cyber parties contribute to make temporalized places, where nobody takes the responsibility, somewhat. Third, the development and movement of civil society networks is divided into several segments according to political interests and tendency in online; furthermore, such a cyberpolitical activity influences human networks and the decision of major places for political activities in offline.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 2002

This study addresses some solutions of the technical problem of using e-money systems. The solutions are on/off line e-money, one card, ordering system, and card-card settlement system etc. The alternatives are described as source code in the example of Angel Plus e-money. E-money is classified as IC card(off-line) type and net work(on-line) type. But, They should be integrated. End-users want to use the combined card for its conveniences. This research introduces on/off line e-money with a case study. On the basis of this paper, future research is to be further conducted on the Customer-oriented e-money with multiple functions.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.159-163
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• 2019

The food service industry has been grown due to improvement of living standards. In addition, the demand for frozen food delivery is increasing day by day at online/offline and the refrigerated vehicles are used in most of these food distributions. One of the most important factors in a refrigerated car is to measure the temperature accurately. Conventional temperature recording systems are generally connected directly to temperature sensor modules. Since the temperature data are transmitted to the temperature recorder by using the electric wire, there is a disadvantage that the resistance error must be compensated according to the cable length. In this paper, we propose a method to correct errors due to cable resistance using digital processing and CAN (Controller Area Network) communication. We use PT-1000 platinum sensor to increase the accuracy of the temperature measurement.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.183-192
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• 2023

This study analyzes the performance of flipped learning, an offline class method conducted in a degree-linked work-learning parallel system. Training in the work-study parallel system, which is conducted as part of job competency improvement, has thoroughly adhered to the offline method, but in line with COVID-19, unlike before, it is changing in the direction of using the online method more actively. However, educational methods such as flipped learning are not new because the degree-linked operation is applied to the academic system and education method of universities and is practically the same form as general university education. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the educational performance and complementary points of flipped learning, which has recently been expanded in the degree-linked work-study parallel system, considering the characteristics of this system, in which classes are held only on weekends. As a result of statistical analysis based on the survey, some of the outcomes of flipped learning have been confirmed, and in order to increase the performances, it is necessary to continuously seek out specific measures to encourage learning and expand communication between instructors and students.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.59-69
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• 2020

This study is a qualitative study in which a focus group interview is applied to explore nursing students' perception of blended learning. 21 students in the 4th grade of nursing department were divided into 4 groups to collect data through interviews and content analysis was conducted. As a result of the study, it was categorized into four topics: 'Application and operation that are not thoroughly prepared', 'Loss of direction and departure from learning', 'One-way listening', and 'Convenience'. Students were satisfied with blended learning which is free from time and space constraints and repetitive, but felt inadequacy and unsatisfactoriness about quality of online contents, system, and preparation for applying blended learning. In order to apply blended learning in the future nursing classes, high-quality online content should be developed based on the effective design of online and offline classes considering the curriculum, and a systematic, administrative, financial, and institutional foundation to support online course should be prepared. In addition, a support system should be created to guide students' self-directed learning activities in online classes of blended learning.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2087-2095
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• 2012

The editorial elements which are used in this paper are made up of news categories, photograph articles, titles of article written bold strokes and contents of article. Of these elements, only the three elements of photographic articles, the titles of article written bold strokes and contents of article had some effects on the choice of articles. For the portal news, only the news categories, the titles of article written bold strokes and the name of newspaper had an effect on the choice of articles. Of the news genres such as politics, business, social affairs, sports, culture/entertainment, world news and IT/science, only the three genres of social affairs, culture/entertainment and world news had some effects on news users' choice. For the difference between man group and woman group in analyzing the choice of articles, there was the difference in four elements of business, sports, culture/entertainment and IT/science.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of flipped learning strategy, which is an online offline convergence learning strategy becoming a hot issue, on students' learning styles..Ultimately, the goal is to analyze the academic achievements and learning attitudes by applying the flipped learning strategy considering the preferred learning styles of Korean students. By assuming that Korean students are accustomed to traditional lecture class, it is assumed that the students would have difficulty in applying the flipped learning strategy which involves information gathering and problem solving through discussion. In order to analyze whether the application of flipped learning strategy is effective, it is necessary to identify students' preferred learning style and to develop appropriate teaching strategies accordingly.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.87-102
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• 2021

Smart cities are attracting attention as a new economic growth engine based on new technologies and means to solve side effects of urbanization such as a surge in energy consumption, deepening environmental pollution, and an increase in crime rates. In particular, as demand for non-face-to-face services increases due to COVID-19, the role of smart cities that can provide various online and offline non-face-to-face services is becoming more important. Therefore, this study defined smart city non-face-to-face services based on literature research on the concept and underlying technology of smart city, and analyzed consumer utility for each service using Conjoint analysis. In particular, differences in user preferences between Sejong City and Busan City, which are currently designated as national smart city pilot cities in Korea, were compared and analyzed, and based on the derived results, measures to improve the competitiveness of smart city services were suggested.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.241-252
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• 2017

This study aims to evaluate applicability of both online and offline parameter calibration techniques on rainfall-runoff modeling using a conceptual lumped hydrologic model. To achieve the goal, the storage function model was selected and then two different automatic calibration techniques: SCE-UA (offline method) and particle filter (online method) were applied to calibrate the optimal parameter sets for 9 rainfall events in the Cheoncheon catchment, upper area of the Yongdam multi-purpose dam. In order to assess reproducibility of hydrographs from the parameter sets of both techniques, the observed discharge of each event was divided into low flow (below average flow) and high flow (over average flow). The results show that the particle filter method, updating the parameters in real-time, provides more stable reproducibility than the SCE-UA method regardless of low and high flow. The optimal parameters estimated by SCE-UA are very sensitive to the selected objective functions used in this study: RMSE and HMLE. In particular, the parameter sets from RMSE and HMLE demonstrate superior goodness-of-fit values for high flow and low flow periods, respectively.