• Title/Summary/Keyword: 온주밀감과피

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온주밀감 과피 추출액을 이용한 직물의 천연염색

  • 임은숙;이혜선
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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    • 2004.05a
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    • pp.64-64
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    • 2004
  • 온주밀감은 제주도에서 재배면적 비율이 아주 높아 매년 많은 량이 생산되며 많은 과피 들이 폐기 처리되고 있다. 본 연구는 제주도의 상징이며 변색방법이 간편하고 폐자원을 활용할 수 있는 천연염재로서 온주밀감 과피에서 염료를 추출하여 염 액의 농도, 염색온도, 염색시간, 염색횟수를 변인으로하여 면, 모, 견, 나일론직물에 염색 한 후 표면색과 염색성을 검토하였다. (중략)

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Studies on the Utilization of Korean Citrus Peel Waste -II. Contents of Pectin, Hesperidin and Naringin- (한국산(韓國産) 감귤과피(柑橘果皮)의 효율적(效率的) 이용(利用)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -II. 펙틴, 헤스페리딘, 나린진의 함량(含量)에 관(關)하여-)

  • Chang, Ho-Nam;Nam, Kyung-Eun;Hur, Jong-Wha
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.251-254
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    • 1977
  • Pectin, hesperidin and naringin were extracted from hot air-dried peel ($60^{\circ}C$, 1 hr and air velocity 160 fpm) of citrus produced in Korea in order to see the amount of each component contained in the peel. Pectin was extracted by three different methods and the quality and contents of the pectins were determined respectively. 1. The pectin yield by the total pectic substance method was the highest (26.0% for unshiu (U) and 28.5% for natsudaidai (N) expectedly and the soluble pectic substance method the least (13.5%(U) and 15.6% (N)) The yield by method III (extraction by water at pH 1.5 followed by isopropanol precipitation) was intermediate (18.1% (U) and 20.8%(N)). Anhydrouronic acid (AUA) content was the highest (92.0% (U) and 90.3%(N)) in those by method III. The AUA contents of the other pectins were 80.0% for soluble pectin (for both U and N), 71.6% for the commercial pectin (Sunkist Groups Inc., U.S.A.), 58.0%(N) and 63.4%(U) for total pectic substance. 2. The methoxyl content of total pectic substance was the lowest (4.81%(U) and 4.88%(N)). However, there was no significant difference in methoxyl content among the rest which were found to have low levels(5.27-7.20%). 3. The pectin by method III gave the highest jelly strength. The commercial pectin, soluble pectice substance and total pectic substance were next in order. 4. The hesperidin content of unshiu was 5.07% (dry basis) and the naringin content of natsudaidai 3.03% (dry basis).

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Natural Dyeing of Fabrics with a Dyebath Extracted from C. Umshiu Mandarin Peel (온주밀감 과피 추출액을 이용한 직물의 천연염색)

  • 임은숙;이혜선
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.54 no.6
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    • pp.141-148
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    • 2004
  • This study examines the dyeability of fabrics in relation to dyeing temperature, time, concentration, and the number of repeated dyeings. For this study, at first we extracted natural dyes from the peel of C.umshiu mandarin, which is fast as a dye and considered as recycling agricultural wastes. Additionally, it represents the image of Jeju Island. Then, we dyed cotton, wool, silk and nylon fabrics with the extracted dyes. The findings of this study are as follows. 1) Dyed cotton, wool, silk and nylon fabrics with the extract of C.umshiu mandarin peel are generally yellow. 2) Wool, nylon, silk, and cotton, in this order, are of good dyeability; Wool fabrics have the highest dyeability and cotton fabrics have the lowest. The dyeabilty of cotton fabrics was not improved even after dyeing in different conditions. 3) Colorfastness with washing, rubbing and perspiration are all good, while colorfastness with light is poor. 4) Higher dyeing concentration makes better dyeability. 5) Dyeability is enhanced as the dyeing temperature increases, while the dyeability of silk and nylon is relatively good even at low temperatures. 6) Looking at dyeability according to dyeing time, the longer the dyeing time, the better the dyeablility. Sixty minutes of dyeing time is appropriate to dye fabrics. 7) With an increase in the number of repeated dyeings, increased dyeability is obtaihed.

Antioxidative Activities of Dried and Fresh Citrus Peels in Jeju (제주산 감귤류 진피와 과피의 항산화 활성)

  • Hyon, Jae-Seok;Kang, Sung-Myung;Senevirathne, Mahinda;Koh, Won-Joon;Yang, Tai-Suk;Oh, Myung-Cheol;Oh, Chang-Kyung;Jeon, You-Jin;Kim, Soo-Hyun
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.88-94
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    • 2010
  • This study was carried out to investigate the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidative activities of the methanol extracts of Citrus sunki, C. unshiu and C. natsudaidai peels before and after drying. Total polyphenolic content was high in the citrus peels before drying compared to the dried peels, and highest in the order of C. sunki, C. natsudaidai and C. unchiu. On the other hand, flavonoid content was high in the dried citrus peels than in the citrus peels before drying, and was highest in the order of C. unshiu, C. natsudaidai, C. sunki, but in dried peels it was highest in the order of C. natsudaidai, C. unshiu, C. sunki. DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest in the order of C. natsudaidai, C. unchiu, C. sunki, and that in the citrus peels before drying was higher than in the dried peels. Inparticular, C. natsudaidai peels before drying showed higher activity than vitamin C in 0.5 or 1.0 mg/100 g. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity was highest in the order of C. unshiu, C. natsudaidai, and C. sunki in the citrus peels before drying. The dried peels were highest in the order of C. unshiu, C. natsudaidai, C. sunki at 0.5 mg/100 g, but high in order of C. natsudaidai, C. unshiu and C. sunki at more than 1.0 mg/100 g. Inparticular, all C. natsudaidai peels displayed high activity more than 87% at 2.0 mg/100 g. Clear patterns in alkyl radical scavenging activity could not be confirmed in Citrus species whether before or after drying of peels. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was highest in the order of C. natsudaidai, C. unshiu and C. sunki but was relatively low compared to the scavenging activity of other activated oxygen species.

Effects of High Temperature of Pretreatment on the Color Development and Quality of Satsuma Mandarins (온주밀감의 저장전 고온 예조가 저장중 과실의 착색 및 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Nam, Ki-Woong;Kwon, Hyeog-Mo
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.57-66
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    • 2002
  • The experiment described in this paper focused on determining the effects of high-temperature(20$^{\circ}$) treatment of Satsuma mandarins, prior to their storage, on their color development and quality. High-temperature treatment promoted fruit skin color during the storage, decreased the weight loss regardless of their color at the time of their harvest and reduced the decay occurrence until the middle of March, but there was no difference between treatments after the end of March. There was a tendency of higher soluble solid and acid levels in the fruit when high-temperature treatment was applied but this difference was not significant.

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The Content and Chemical and Physical Properties of the Pectin in Tangerine Peel (한국산 감귤류 폐과피 내의 펙틴함량과 펙틴의 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Moon, Soo-Jae;Sohn, Kyung-Hee;Yun, Seon;Lee, Myung-Hae;Lee, Myung-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.63-66
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    • 1982
  • The pectin content in tangerine peel and the characteristics of extracted pectin and its gel were determined. The pectin contents of citrus peel and citrus albedo were 11.52% and 9.3% on a dry weight basis, respectively The equivalent weight, methoxyl content and acetyl content of the extracted citrus peel pectin were 596, 13.41% and 0.125% respectively. The intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight of extracted citrus peel pectin were higher than those of commercial citrus pectin samples. The anhydrouronic acid content and jelly grade of the extracted pectins were 98.4% and 138.1, respectively. These were higher than those of commercial citrus pectin. In the textural characteristics of gels, the gel made from the extracted pectin was shown to have lower values in hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness and gumminess than the gels made from commercial citrus pectins.

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Analysis of Essential Oils from the Peel of Mandarine (Citrus unshiu Marc. Var. Okitsu) (온주 밀감의 껍질로부터 정유의 분리 및 분석)

  • Kim, Yu-Kyoung;Hyun, Seung-Won;Ko, Young-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.1178-1183
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    • 1999
  • Essential oils were isolated from the peel of mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. Var. Okitsu) cultivated in Cheju Island. Among three different isolation methods investigated, simultaneous distillation gave higher yield 1.14%(w/w) than solvent extraction or cold pressing. The densities of essential oils were between 0.8409 and 0.8530, which showed no significant effect of the isolation methods. Some variations in the number of constituents detected and the content of d-limonene in the peel oils were observed depending upon the isolation methods. The citrus fruit was collected seasonally from the field and used as a sample for analysis. The peel thickness and the peel content of citrus fruit were around 2 mm and about 17% on wet weight basis, respectively, in harvest season. The maximum yield of essential oils was obtained in September from citrus peels just prior to ripeness and thereafter the yield had a tendency of decrease but remained over 1%(w/w). The relative content of d-limonene, the major constituent of citrus peel oils. increased gradually with ripening up to 68.69%(relative peak area, RPA). The other minor constituents were ${\gamma}-terpinene,\;{\beta}-elemene$, farnesene, hexadecanoic acid, ${\alpha}-pinene,\; {\beta}-myrcene$ and linalool in the decreasing order of their own contents of 7.75, 2.96, 2.29, 1.76, 1.63, 1.56 and 1.46%(RPA).

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감귤과피 유색미의 취반 특성

  • 서성수;노홍균;윤광섭;김순동
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.157-157
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    • 2003
  • 우리나라에서 생산되는 감귤은 지리적 기후 조건으로 내한성이 강한 만다린계 온주밀감이 주종을 이루나 최근 과잉생산으로 인한 가격하락과 수입자유화에 따른 대처의 일환으로 경쟁력이 높은 품종을 장려 보급하고 있다. 감귤의 국내 연간 생산량은 56만 톤으로 과일 전체 생산량의 약 30%를 차지하며 과실의 약 20%가 과피로서 그 일부가 한약재로 쓰이나 대부분이 버려지고 있다. 감귤의 과피에는 carotenoids, bioflavonoids, pectin 및 terpenes가 풍부하게 함유되어 있으며, 천연에서 발견되고 있는 약 300여종의 carotenoids계 색소 중 115종이 감귤에 존재한다. 감귤 과피의 주요 carotenoids로는 비타민 A의 역할을 하는 $\beta$-carotene과 cryptoxanthin을 비롯한 $\beta$-citraurin이며 천연 착색제로 활용되고 있다. 또, 주요 bioflavonoids로는 모세혈관의 수축을 촉진시켜 고혈압 예방과 이로 인한 각종 질환을 방지하는 작용을 가진 hesperidin과 혈액내 LDL 콜레스테롤의 양을 줄이는 작용이 알려진 naringin이 있다. 그 외의 감귤 flavonoids도 항산화작용, antimutagen 활성, 항암, 항알레르기 및 항바이러스 효과가 알려져 있다. 밀감 과피의 bioflavonoids는 약 60여종이 분리되어 그 구조가 밝혀져 있으나 90% 이상이 hesperidin이다. 또 과피유에는 $\delta$-limonene을 주성분으로 하는 휘발성 향미성분이 함유되어 있어 향미 개선제로서의 활용이 기대되고 있다. 본 연구는 최근 식생활의 서구화로 쌀 위주의 식생활에 많은 변화를 가져와 쌀 소비량은 해마다 줄어들고 있는 반면 기능성을 가미한 쌀의 소비가 늘고 있음을 감안하여, 우리나라 제주도에서 생산되고 있는 감귤 과피의 물 균질액을 쌀에 코팅하여 아름다운 색상과 기능성을 지닌 유색미를 제조함과 동시에 그 취반 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 유색미의 색상은 진노랑(L*; 63.6, a*; -7.87, b*; 46.35)으로 취반 후에도 유사한 색상을 나타내었다. Total carotenoids는 감귤과피에서는 10.74mg%, 과피의 물 균질액에는 0.46mg%이었으며 유색미에는 0.l2mg%, 유색미 취반에는 0.05mg%를 나타내었다. Hesperidin은 과피, 물 균질액, 유색미 및 유색미 취반에서 각각 2173.l2mg%, 108.65mg%, 21.73mg% 및 8.67mg%이었으며, naringin은 각각 1468.40mg%, 73.38mg%, 14.62mg% 및 5.87mg%를 나타내었다. 감귤과피의 유리아미노산은 asparagine이 94.22mg%로 가장 높았으며, methionine이 24.88mg%, alanine이 19.64mg%, ${\gamma}$ -aminoisobutylic acid가 15.37mg%로 이들 4종의 아미노산이 전체 유리아미노산함량의 70%를 나타내었다. 유색미 취반에는 백미 취반에 비하여 총 유리아미노산의 함량이 15%정도 증가되었으며, 그 중에서 glutamic acid는 2.5 배가 증가되었다. 감귤과피의 주요 무기질은 K(652.60mg%)와 Ca(222.50mg%)로 전체 무기질 함량의 86%를 차지하였으며 유색미 취반은 백미 취반에 비하여 K는 2.3배, Mn는 76%, Ca, P, Mg은 16~26%, Fe는 13%가 각각 증가되었다. 취반의 경도, 점착성 및 깨짐성은 유색미 취반과 백미 취반간에 차이가 없으나 응집성과 탄력성은 유색미 취반에서 높았다. 색상에 대한 기호도, 구수한 맛 및 종합적인 기호도는 유색미 취반에서 높았으며 단맛, 쓴맛은 백미 취반과 차이를 보이지 않았다.

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Studies on the Utilization of Korean Citrus Peel Waste -I. Drying of Citrus Peel by Hot Air- (한국산(韓國産) 감귤과피(柑橘果皮)의 효율적(效率的) 이용(利用)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -I. 감귤과피(柑橘果皮)의 열풍건조(熱風乾燥)에 관(關)하여-)

  • Chang, Ho-Nam;Hur, Jong-Wha
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.245-250
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    • 1977
  • Experiment were conducted to find out the effective drying method of citrus peel produced in Korea by varying the temperature of hot air, surface area of peels, peels from several citrus varieties and physicochemical treatment of the peel. 1. About $3{\sim}6\;days$ were required to reduce the moisture level of the peel from 70%(wet basis) to 20% at room temperature without forced convection. 2. Drying was speeded up until the temperature of hot air reached $60^{\circ}C$. Beyond that no significant increase in drying rate was observed. About 50 minutes were needed to reduce the moisture level (dry basis) to below 10% at $60^{\circ}C$ by forced convection 3. When the peel surface area was increased twice by cutting the peel into 256 fractions, the overall drying time (the time required to reduce the moisture level to 10%, dry basis) was shortened to 15 minutes from 50 mintes of the original peel. 4. No significant difference in drying rate was observed among the peels from several citrus varieties except Shaddock jabon and Citrus ponki tanaka, which dried more slowly than others. 5. Treatment of $Ca(OH)_2$ and the pressing of the peel before drying were effective in drying only when the initial moisture content was substantially higher.

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Changes in Pectin-degrading Enzymes activity during Storage of Satsuma Mandarin (온주밀감의 저장 중 성분과 펙틴분해효소의 변화)

  • Kang, Moon-Jang;Kim, Ji-Yong;Koh, Jeong-Sam
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.179-183
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    • 2000
  • Satsuma mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc. var. miyagawa) was stored at $3^{\circ}C$ and 85% relative humidity, and then the changes of firmness, pectin- degrading enzymes activity and other physicochemical properties of citrus fruits during storage were investigated. Firmness of fruits with 2 m probe was decreased quickly from 1,176.8 g-force to 503.6 g-force, and moisture of peel and flesh were decreased from 75.3% to 74.9%, and from 91.8% to 90.7% during maturation, respectively. Decay ratio was increased to 18.75% after 90 days' storage, and after then it was increased rapidly. Weight loss was increased gradually to 24.5% during long-term storage. Firmness with 2 mm probe were decreased from 538.9 g-force to 336.9 g-force gradually during storage. Peel moisture was decreased from 75.8% to 72.6%, and flesh moisture was also decreased gradually from 90.3% to 88.3% during storage. Exopoly-galacturonase activity of peel and flesh were increased from 326.0 units/100 g to 534.9 units/100 g, and from 63.1 units/100 g to 81.0 units/100 g at 90 day's storage, respectively. After then, He enzyme activities were decreased from 394.0 units/100 g and 38.0 units/100 g, respectively. Pectinesterase activity of peel and flesh were increased from $14.4\;{\mu}mol$ to $38.8{\mu}mol$, and from $26.0{\mu}mol$ to $39.0{\mu}mol$ at 60 days' storage, respectively. After then, the enzyme activities were decreased to $6.0{\mu}mol$ and $8.2{\mu}mol$, respectively.

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