• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.72-81
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• 2014

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) suggested the three methodology, Tier 1/2/3, considering with the accuracy and difficulty of greenhouse gas emission statistics according to the report determined as the international criterion. In Korea, the existing inventory building was made by the Top-down approach applying with the emission factors for transportation in the entire energy consumption, the emission factors were investigated under the domestic traffic situation which did not reflect by the continuing increase of vehicle and the change of road section. From the suggestion of IPCC, which it is estimated that the emission estimation of $CO_2$ in greenhouse gas emission could be calculated more accurate by the carbon content according to the fuel, the establishment of measures to respond to climate change from the latest greenhouse gas emissions statistics will be able to improve the accuracy of national statistics using monthly or seasonally the analysis of carbon content about the transportation fuels.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.133-150
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• 2015

This study estimates greenhouse and noxious gas emissions caused by cargo-handling equipment at the Port of Incheon in 2013 by applying the NONROAD Model (U.S. EPA). The port emitted 838.4 tons of NOx and 82,747 tons of CO2. The estimates are 2.4 times higher for NOx and 1.3 times higher for CO2 than those of the Port of Los Angeles. Emissions from general cargo-handling equipment are five times more than those from container cargo-handling equipment. Among the three ports comprising the Port of Incheon, the emissions at the North Port, which handles raw materials for industry are relatively higher than those at the other ports. Compared to the study conducted by Chang et al. (2013, 2014), this study finds that CO2 and NOx emissions per cargo-handling equipment are 10 times higher than the corresponding amounts per ship.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.113-139
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• 2022

The iron and steel industry is a manufacturing industry with the largest greenhouse gases emissions and has a great ripple effect on the national economy as a core material industry. This study internationally compared the decoupling patterns of greenhouse gases emissions in the iron and steel industry from 1990 to 2019, focusing on Korea, Japan, and Germany. In particular, unlike previous studies that considered only fuel combustion emissions, this study considered all fuel combustion emissions, industrial process emissions, and indirect emissions from the use of electricity and heat. As a result of the analysis, Korea is interpreted as expansive coupling, Japan as decoupling, and Germany as unclear. Therefore, the decoupling path that the Korean iron and steel industry should take should not be in Germany, but in the form of seeking a decoupling method similar to Japan or more effective than Japan. In addition, this study considered the characteristics of the iron and steel industry as much as possible and presented the causes of the decoupling analysis results and implications for the Korean iron and steel industry through comparison with Japan and Germany. In particular, four factors were suggested as factors which has promoted decoupling in Japan: high value-added of Japanese iron and steel products, development of energy efficiency technology in the Japanese iron and steel industry, strategic M&A of the Japanese iron and steel industry, and maintaining competitiveness according to the closed distribution structure of Japanese iron and steel products. The Korean iron and steel industry should also use the case of Japan as a benchmark to further increase added value through quality uprade and product diversification of iron and steel products, while at the same time making efforts to fundamentally reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the development of new technologies.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2008

This study was performed to estimate non-$CO_2$ greenhouse gases (i.e., GHGs) emission from biomass burning at a local scale. Estimation of non-$CO_2$ GHGs emission was conducted using Landsat TM satellite imagery in order to assess the damage degree in burnt area and its effect on non-$CO_2$ GHGs emission. This approach of estimation was based on the protocol of the 2003 IPCC Guidelines. In this study, we used one of the most severe fire cases occurred Samcheock in April, 2004. Landsat TM satellite imageries of pre- and post-fire were used 1) to calculate delta normalized burn ratio (dNBR) for analyzing burnt area and burn severity of the Samcheok large-fire and 2) to quantify non-$CO_2$ GHGs emission from different size of the burnt area and the damage degree. The analysis of dNBR of the Samcheok large-fire indicated that the total burnt area was 16,200ha and the size of the burnt area differed with the burn severity: out of the total burnt area, the burn severities of Low (dNBR < 152), Moderate (dNBR = 153-190), and High (dNBR = 191-255) were 35%, 33%, and 32%, respectively. It was estimated that the burnt areas of coniferous forest, deciduous forest, and mixed forest were about 11,506ha (77%), 453ha (3%), and 2,978ha (20%), respectively. The magnitude of non-$CO_2$ GHGs emissions from the Samcheok large-fire differed significantly, showing 93% of CO (44.100Gg), 6.4% of CH4 (3.053Gg), 0.5% of $NO_x$ (0.238Gg), and 0.1% of $N_2O$ (0.038Gg). Although there were little changes in the total burnt area by the burn severity, there were differences in the emission of non-$CO_2$ GHGs with the degree of the burn severity. The maximum emission of non-$CO_2$ GHGs occurred in moderate burn severity, indicating 47% of the total emission.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.149-166
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• 2023

The emissions trading system, introduced to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, experienced a sharp increase in emission allowance prices during the second plan period (2018-2020), which led to an increase in the demand for smooth supply and demand of emission allowances, while suppliers anticipating a shortage of emission allowances in the future did not participate in trading. Therefore, the authority temporarily revised the guidelines to ensure that the amount of allowances carried forward is proportional to the trading volume as a market stabilization measure. Through an optimization process using a dynamic nonlinear mathematical model, this paper analyzes the impact of the government's intervention on the carryover policy on GHG emission reductions and emission allowance market prices. According to the simulation analysis results, banking regulations could cause a decline in prices during the regulation period, even though the initial policy was predicted to be adopted.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

As the interest on the air pollution is gradually rising up at home and abroad, automotive and fuel researchers have been working on the exhaust emission reduction from vehicles through a lot of approaches, which consist of new engine design, innovative after-treatment systems, using clean (eco-friendly alternative) fuels and fuel quality improvement. This research has brought forward various main issues : whether PM emissions should be regulated for diesel and gasoline vehicles and whether gasoline and LPG powered vehicles can be further neglected from PM emission inventories. Finally, the greenhouse gas ($CO_2$, $CH_4$, $N_2O$) regulation has been discussed including automotive emission regulation. The greenhouse gas and emissions (PM) particle of automotive had many problem that cause of ambient pollution, health effects. This paper discussed the influence of LPG fuel on automotive cold startability and exhaust emissions gas. Also, this paper assessed emission characteristics due to the test temperature. These test temperature were performed by dividing the temperature of the test mode and the lowest local temperature in winter. Through this study, the correlation of cold startability, exhaust emission and greenhouse gas emission was analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.357-357
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• 2018

국제해사기구(IMO)에서는 황산화물(SOx)에 대한 배출 규제를 강화하고 있다. 2020년 1월 1일부터는 황함유량 0.5% 이하 선박연료유 사용을 의무화하고 있다. 그리고 온실가스 배출량 모니터링을 2019년 1월 1월부터 시행하여 총톤수 5천톤 이상 선박은 연료유 사용량을 의무적으로 보고해야 한다. 또한 배출통제구역(Emission Control Area, ECA)이 확대되고 있으며 지역별로도 저유황유 사용 의무화를 도입하는 항만이 증가하고 있다. 이와 같이 항만구역에서 선박 배기가스 배출 규제를 강화하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 컨테이너 물동량이 증가하고 있는 서산 대산항 컨테이너 부두를 중심으로 항만구역에서 배출되는 배기가스를 산출하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.561_562
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• 2009

발전부문 배출권 모의거래는 배출권 거래제 도입시 발전부부문에 미치는 영향 분석을 통해 발전부문의 대응전략을 수립하기 위한 목적으로 2008년에 전력거래소가 주관하여 발전5사(남동, 중부, 서부, 동서, 남부)가 주요 참여사로 하여 국내최초로 국내실정에 맞는 배출권 모의거래를 시행하였다. 모의거래에서는 2가지의 시나리오를 설정하였다. 시나리오 I은 최소발전량 발전, 시나리오 II는 총발전운영계획량과 발전실적량을 일치토록하는 전제조건을 설정하였다. 그 결과 시나리오 I에서 모든 참여사는 최소 조건을 충족하도록 발전하는 전략적 행위로 인하여 전력공급지장이 발생하였고, 시나리오 II는 온실가스 배출량이 적은 LNG발전소의 발전량은 증가시키고, 온실가스량이 많은 석탄화력은 증가 운전토록하는 전략적 행위를 취함으로써 발전원가의 상승으로 인하여 전력가격이 상승하는 결과를 초래하였다. 따라서 향후 우리나라에 배출권 거래제 도입될 경우에 대비하여 전력시장과 연계한 배출권 거래제의 다양한 시뮬레이션이 필요하다.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.291-303
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• 2013

After establishing national greenhouse gas emission reduction goals, the South Korean government has been pursuing sector- and industry-specific greenhouse gas emission reduction measures; in support of which, metropolitan city / state governing entities, such as Gyeonggi Province, etc., have been in lock steps by establishing and executing climate change measures that are appropriate for the regional characteristics. However, in the case of local governments, difficulties abound due to the fact that the per-unit greenhouse gas emission amounts and the future emission estimates for establishing reduction targets are not clear. In order to establish correct climate change measure policies, the policy directions and the assessment of verified greenhouse gas emission amounts would need to serve as the basis, and along with the national level climate change effect and vulnerability assessment, there's a need to develop methodologies that take into consideration the local characteristics and conditions. To this end, this study calculated the greenhouse gas emission amounts of the City of Siheung, a basic local government in Gyeonggi Province, by using the GEBT (Greenhouse gas Emission Business-as-usual Tool) developed by the National Institute of Environmental Research to facilitate easy calculations of BAU (business-as-usual) emission quantities by local governing entities.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.278-287
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• 2015

The potential impact of aircraft emissions on the current and projected climate of our planet is one of the more important environmental issues facing the aviation industry. Increasing concern over the potential negative effects of greenhouse gas emissions has motivated the development of an aircraft emission estimation and prediction system as one of the ways to reduce aircraft emissions and mitigate the impact of aviation on climate. Hence, in this research, using Piano-X software which was developed by Lissys Co., fuel consumption and emissions for 3 types of aircraft were estimated for different design payloads with various flight distances and flight paths. Fuel burns for economy speed, long range cruise speed, maximum range speed were also investigated with various flight distances and altitudes.