• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.283-292
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• 2007

A research projects is currently being conducted to develop a nonlinear finite element analysis methods for predicting the structural behavior of reinforced concrete frame structures, exposed to fire. As part of this, reinforced concrete frames subjected to fire loads were analyzed using the nonlinear finite-element program DIANA. Two numerical steps are incorporated in this program. The first step carries out the nonlinear transient heat flow analysis associated with fire and the second step predicts the structural behavior of reinforced concrete frames subjected to the thermal histories predicted by first step. The complex features of structural behavior in fire conditions, such as thermal expansion, plasticity, cracking or crushing, and material properties changing with temperature are considered. A concrete material model based on nonlinear fracture mechanics to take cracking into account and plasticity models for concrete in compression and reinforcement steel were used. The material and analytical models developed in this paper are verified against the experimental data on simple reinforced concrete beams. The changes in thermal parameters are discussed from the point of view of changes of structure and chemical composition due to the high temperature exposure. Although, this study considers codes standard fire for reinforced concrete frame, any other time-temperature relationship can be easily incorporated.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.303-309
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• 1988

The heat generation at the start-up period of an autogeneous single screw extruder was determined with various feed materials, die structure and operational conditions. The highest heat generation rate was observed with defatted soybean meal, while the lowest value was obtained with rice flour, and wheat and barley flour showed the intermediate rate. As the moisture content of the flour decreased and the screw speed increased, the electric power requirement and heat generation rate increased. The temperature at compression section increased with the decrease in the particle size. The same effect was also observed as breaker plate was installed. The optimum operation was established as the temperature profile was maintained in decreasing order of metering section, die and compression section.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.571-580
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• 2020

In this study, an experimental study on storage media for thermal energy storage system was conducted. For thermal energy storage medium, concrete has excellent thermal and mechanical properties and also has various advantages due to its low cost. In addition, the ultra-high strength concrete reinforced by steel fibers exhibits excellent durability against exposure to high temperatures due to its high toughness and high strength characteristics. Moreover, the high thermal conductivity of steel fibers has an advantageous effect on heat storage and heat dissipation. Therefore, to investigate the temperature distribution characteristics of ultra-high-strength concrete, concrete blocks were fabricated and a heating test was performed by applying high-temperature thermal cycles. The heat transfer pipe was buried in the center of the concrete block for heat transfer by heat fluid flow. In order to explore the temperature distribution characteristics according to different shapes of the heat transfer pipe, a round pipe and a longitudinal fin pipe were used. The temperature distribution at the differnent thermal cycles were analyzed, and the thermal energy and the cumulated thermal energy over time were calculated and analyzed for comparison based on test results.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.54-61
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• 2005

An aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system can be very cost-effective and renewable energy sources, depending on site-specific parameters and load characteristics. In order to develop the ATES system which has certain hydrogeological characteristics, understanding the thermohydraulic process of an aquifer is necessary for a proper design of an aquifer heat storage system under given conditions. The thermohydraulic transfer for heat storage was simulated according to two sets of simple pumping and waste water reinjection scenarios of groundwater heat pump system operation in a two-layered aquifer model. In the first set of the scenarios, the movement of the thermal front and groundwater level was simulated by changing the locations of injection and pumping wells in a seasonal cycle. However, in the second set the simulation was performed in the state of fixing the locations of pumping and injection wells. After 365 days simulation period, the shape of temperature distribution was highly dependent on the injected water temperature and the distance from the injection well. A small temperature change appeared on the surface compared to other simulated temperature distributions of 30 and 50 m depths. The porosity and groundwater flow characteristics of each layer sensitively affected the heat transfer. The groundwater levels and temperature changes in injection and pumping wells were monitored and the thermal interference between the wells was analyzed to test the effectiveness of the heat pump operation method applied.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.253-258
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• 1998

연료 전지 시스템에서의 스택은 화학 공장의 반응기에 해당한다. 화학 공장에서 반응 생성물의 생산성을 최적화하기 위해 반응기 해석이 매우 중요한 것과 마찬가지로, 연료 전지 스택의 특성을 해석하고 최적 조건으로 설계 및 운전하는 것은 필수적이다. 스택에서 전기를 생산하는 과정에서 중요한 두 가지 운전 변수는 기체의 조성과 온도이며, 이론적인 해석을 위해서는 유체의 이동시에 열전달 및 각 성분별 물질 수지식과 전기 화학 반응식이 사용될 수 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.249-252
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• 1999

전도성 충진제가 포함된 결정성 고분자내에 대전류가 흐르게 될 경우 Joule 효과로 소재자체의 발열현상이 발생하며 온도가 증가함에 따라 고분자의 용융점 부근에서 급격한 열팽창으로 인하여 고분자 내에 분포되어 있던 전도성 충진재 입자사이의 간격이 증가하게 되며 전자들의 흐름이 방해를 받게 된다. 이에 따라 전기저항이 커져 전류의 흐름이 감소되는 철상이 발생하며 이를 PTC(Positive Temperature Coefficient)라 하고 온도 증감에 따른 전도성 충진제 간의 electron tunnelling과 고분자의 결정변화에 의해 민감한 전기저항변화 특성을 나타낸다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.617-622
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• 1995

다목적연구로 HANARO를 이용한 압력용기 재료 조사시험에 이용될 계장캡슐(Instrumented Capsule)의 열적, 역학적 특성분석이 수행되었다. 캡슐에 장입될 조사시편의 온도평가는 GENGTC 와 HEATING 7.2f를 이용 계산하였다. 또한 이들 온도분포로 인하여 발생하는 캡슐외통과 End Plug에서의 응력해석은 전산코드 ANSYS를 이용 수행하고, 냉각수압에 의한 캡슐본체의 좌굴응력을 계산함으로서 강도평가를 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.304-304
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• 2011

열필라멘트 화학 기상 증착 공정(HWCVD, hot wire chemical deposition)은 낮은 기판 온도에서 다결정 실리콘 박막을 빠른 속도로 증착할 수 있는 방법이다. 이는 후처리가 없어도 전기적 특성이 우수한 박막을 저온에서 얻을 수 있기 때문에 녹는점이 낮은 기판에 증착을 할 수 있으며 공정비용 절감 효과가 있다. 이러한 박막 증착 공정 중 기상 핵생성에 의해 나노 입자가 생성되며, 새로운 관점에서는 그 농도와 크기가 박막 성장에 중요한 변수로 작용한다. 따라서 공정조건의 변화에 따라 생성되는 나노 입자의 크기 분포를 실시간으로 분석하여 박막 형성의 최적 조건을 찾는 연구가 필요하다. 하지만 이러한 입자 발생 특성에 관한 연구는 기존에 밝혀진 반응 메커니즘으로 인해 수치해석적 연구는 체계적으로 진행되었으나 실험적 연구의 경우 적합한 측정장비의 부재로 인해 제한이 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 저압에서 실시간으로 나노입자 분포를 측정할 수 있는 PBMS (particle beam mass spectrometer)를 이용하여 열필라멘트 화학 기상 증착 공정 중 발생하는 입자의 존재를 확인하고 특성을 분석하였다. 실리콘 나노 입자의 측정은 PBMS 장비의 전단 부분을 HWCVD 배기 라인에 연결하여 진행하였으며 반응기 내 샘플링 위치, 필라멘트 온도, 챔버 압력, 작동기체의 비율을 변수로 하여 진행하였다. 그 결과 실리콘 나노 입자는 양 또는 음의 극성을 가진 하전된 상태임을 확인 하였고, 측정 조건에 따라 일부 단일 극성으로 존재하였다. 한편, 필라멘트 온도가 증가할수록 하전된 나노입자의 최빈값은 감소하였다. 또한 반응 가스인 SiH4 농도가 증가할수록 최빈값은 농도에 비례하여 증가하였다. 이런 결과는 기존 HWCVD 실험에서 투과 전자 현미경(TEM)을 이용하여 분석한 실리콘 나노 입자의 크기 분포 결과와 경향이 일치함을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 확인된 하전된 나노 입자의 존재를 실험적으로 확인하였으며 추후 지속적 연구에 의해 이러한 하전된 나노 입자가 박막 형성에 기여 하는 것을 규명하고 박막 형성 조건을 최적화하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것을 기대할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.68-84
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• 2020

This study analyzed the relationship between spatial characteristics and heat waves in the distribution area of the elderly population in Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do. For analysis, the Statistics Census data, the Ministry of Environment land cover, Landsat 8 surface temperature, and the Meteorological Agency's heat wave days data were used. The spatial characteristics of the distribution of the elderly population was classified into 5 types through K-mean cluster analysis considering the land use types. The characteristics of the elderly population by spatial type were higher in the urbanized type(cluster-3), but the proportion of the elderly population was higher in the agricultural and forest area types(cluster-1, cluster-2). In the characteristics of the surface temperature and the heat wave days, the surface temperature was the highest in the urban area, but heat wave days were the highest in the rural area. As a result of analyzing the heat wave characteristics according to the spatial type of the distribution area of elderly population, cluster-2 with the largest area in agricultural areas was highest at 15.95 days, and cluster-3 with a large area in urbanized types was the lowest at 9.41 days and 9.18 days. In other words, the elderly population living in rural areas is more exposed to heat waves than the elderly population living in urban areas, and the damage is expected to increase. The results of this study could be used as basic data to prepare various policy measures for effective management and prevention of vulnerable areas in summer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.1-4
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 시설원예용 하우스의 난방방식별 온열환경특성 즉, 온도 분포상의 문제점을 파악하고, 하우스 난방시스템 선정 및 하우스 설계를 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 동일 부지에 동일한 형상으로 조성된 단동 하우스에 각각 심야전력 전기히터, 경유 보일러에 의한 온풍난방, 무가온 상태로 설정하여 하우스내 온열환경에 관한 분포특성을 검토하였다. (중략)