• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2010

Purpose: Common complications of immediate breast reconstruction with implant are capsular contracture, malposition of implant, hematoma and seroma. Especially, the most severe complication is implant exposure caused by inflammation or necrosis of skin flap margin of mastectomy site. This article reports the experience of cases of salvage in such an exposure of implant. Methods: From July, 2002 to Feb., 2009, sixty-five patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction with implant were retrospectively analyzed. Exposure of implant was happened in 5 of 65 patients and they were treated at out patient district. Two of five patients were reconstructed with saline implnt and all of them underwent the enveloping of the implant with AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ and Serratus muscle flap. Remaning three patients were reconstructed with silicone implant and all of them underwent the enveloping of the implant with AlloDerm$^{(R)}$. Results: In the group of patients who underwent reconstruction with saline implant, implant exposure was found in one patient due to partial necrosis of the margin of skin flap and debridement and primary repair were done. In the other one patient, dressing with antibiotic ointment were done. And debridement and primary repair were proceeded. In the group of patients who underwent reconstruction with silicone implant, implant exposure was found in one patient. After removal of the implant, tissue expansion was done and a new silicone implant was inserted. Implant exposure were found in the other two patients, antibiotics ointment application and primarily repaired. Conclusion: It was the common knowledge that the exposed implant should be removed. But salvage of the exposed implants may be possible with proper treatment. Four of five patients (80%) with exposed breast implant were salvaged with conservative management.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.702-706
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• 2009

Purpose: Analysis of lower nose and upper lip asymmetry in patients with unilateral cleft lip nose deformity has been proceeded through direct measurement and photo analysis. But there are limitation in presenting real image because of its 2 dimensional trait. The authors analyzed such an asymmetry using 3D VECTRA system (Canfield, NJ, USA) in quantitative way. Methods: In 25 Patients with unilateral cleft lip nose deformity(male 12, female 13, age ranging from 4 to 19), patients with right side deformity were 10 and left were 15. Analysis of asymmetry was proceeded through 3D VECTRA system. After taking 3 dimensional photo, alar area, upper lip area, nostril perimeter, nostril area, Cupid's bow length, nostril height and nostril width were measured. Correlation coefficient and inter data quotients were calculated. Results: In nostril perimeter, maximal difference of cleft side and non - cleft side was 39.3%, asymmetric quotient Qasy = Qcl/Qncl(Qcl, value of cleft side; Qncl, value of non - cleft side) was ranged from 0.84 to 1.85 and in seven cases the length of cleft side was smaller. In nostril area, maximal difference was 69.6% and in 13 cases cleft side was smaller. In lower nasal area, maximal difference was 37.2% asymmetric quotient Qasy = Qcl/Qncl was ranged from 0.47 to 2.03 and in 20 cases cleft side was smaller. The correlation coefficients of nostril perimeter and area were 0.8345. Conclusion: Using 3D VECTRA system, the authors can measure nostril perimeter and lower nasal area that could not been measured with previous methods. Asymmetry of midface was analyzed through area comparison in quantitative way. Futhermore, post operative change can be measured in quantitative method.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.682-689
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of the Microseal$^{(R)}$, which was new obturation system made by Tycom company, U.S.A. Forty-five extracted single-rooted human teeth were resected at cemento-enamel junction and divided three groups. All canals were prepared using Profile system, and then each group was obturated by lateral condensation technique (group 1), vertical condensation technique (group 2) and Microseal$^{(R)}$ condensation technique (group 3) with root canal sealer. Teeth were immersed in resorcinol-formaldehyde resin for 5 days at $4^{\circ}C$ and the resin was allowed to polymerize completely for 4 days at room temperature. Teeth were resected horizontally at 1 mm (level I), 2 mm (level II), 3 mm (level III) from the anatomical root apex using low speed microtome and examined with Image analyzer (IBASR, Zeiss co., Germany.) at ${\times}25$ magnification. The gab between the canal wall and the filling material, which was filled with the resin, was measured at each of the three levels. Each ratio of leakage was expressed percentage by calculating the ratio of the area of the resin to the total area of the canal and was analyzed statistically (one-way ANOVA). The results were as follows; 1. The mean ratio of leakage (%) was 6.46% at group 1, 3.06% at group 2, 11.27% at group 3. 2. When evaluating the ratio of leakage at the three levels, there was level I> level II> level III in all groups. Especially, the difference between level I and level III was statistically significant (p<0.05). 3. When evaluating the ratio of leakage at the three groups, there was group 3> group 1> group 2 at all levels. Especially the difference between group 2 and group 3 was statistically significant (p<0.05).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.5176-5185
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• 2014

본 연구는 국내에서 재배되고 있는 달래의 특성을 조사하여 농가의 소득증대 및 유전자원확보를 목적으로 2010년부터 2012년 5월까지 광역단위로 달래를 수집하여 특성을 조사하였다. 달래의 특성분석은 달래가 지닌 특유의향기성분을 SPME 방법으로 분석하고, 분획물의 항산화 효과와 HaCaT, HepG2, HCT116, PC3 세포를 이용한 암세포 생장 억제 효과를 보았으며, 우리나라에 자라는 달래를 지역별로 수집하여 그 성분을 분석 및 비교하였다. 그 결과 달래에서는 총 42개의 향을 함유하고 있다고 나왔고 특히 탄화수소와 유기산의 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났으며 항산화 효과와 암세포의 성장억제 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 달래의 높은 생리활성효과를 볼 때 향후에는 우리나라 특성화작물로써 달래를 중점적으로 육성시킬 필요성이 확인되었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.933-951
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• 2009

지구온난화에 따른 기후변화가 우리나라의 물순환 과정에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 강우는 여러 기상인자들과 복잡한 영향을 주고 받으며 발생한다. 따라서 강우는 물순환 과정에서 기후변화에 따른 영향을 크게 받는 인자 중의 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 강우특성을 나타낼 수 있는 여러 시계열 자료를 구축하였다. 또한 강우의 발생 시계열을 연별, 계절별 및 월별로 구성하여 분석하였다. 분석 방법은 시계열 자료의 평균과 표준편차의 변동성 분석과 경향성 분석을 수행하였다. 또한, 최근 10년 동안에 강우특성의 변화에 대한 상대오차를 계산하여 과거 자료들과 비교하였다. 분석 결과에서 강우자료의 고유 특성인 무작위성에 의하여 뚜렷한 통계적 결과는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 일반적으로 최근 10년간 강우량은 증가하였으며, 강우일수는 감소하는 추세를 보였다. 또한, 계절별과 월별에 따른 강우특성의 변화가 다르게 나타나고 있음을 확인할 수 있다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.321-337
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• 2000

Dental caries, one of the most frequent dental disease, become larger because it can be thought as a simple disease. Further more, it can progress to unexpected root canal therapy with fabrication of crown that needs reduction of tooth structure. Base is required in a large caries and ZOE, ZPC, glass ionomer are used frequently as base material. They, with restorative material, can affect the longevity of the restoration. In this study, we assume that the mandibular 1st molar has deep class I cavity. So, installing the 3 base material, 3 kinds of fillings were restored over the base as follows; 1) amalgam only, 2) amalgam with ZPC, 3) amalgam with ZOE, 4) amalgam with GI cement, 5) gold inlay with ZPC, 6) gold inlay with GI cement, 7) composite resin only, 8) composite resin with GI cement. After develop the 3-dimensional model for finite element analysis, we observe the distribution of stress and temperature with force of 500N to apical direction at 3 point on occlusal surface and temperature of 55 degree, 15 degree on entire surface. The analyzed results were as follow : 1. Principal stress produced at the interface of base, dentin, cavity wall was smallest in case of using GI cement as base material under the amalgam. 2. Principal stress produced at the interface of base, dentin, cavity wall was smaller in case of using GI cement as a base material than ZPC under gold inlay. 3. Composite resin-filled tooth showed stress distributed over entire tooth structure. In other words, there was little concentration of stress. 4. ZOE was the most effective base material against hot stimuli under the amalgam and GI cement was the next. In case of gold inlay, GI cement was more effective than ZPC. 5. Composite resin has the small coefficient of thermal conductivity. So, composite resin filling is the most effective insulating material.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.907-916
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• 2005

도시유역의 유출분석을 위하여 국내에서 많이 사용하고 있는 모형들로는 ILLVDAS, SWMM이 대표적이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 국내의 대부분의 도시하천의 경우 합류식의 배수계통을 가지고 있어, 홍수시에 하수관거용량을 초과하는 우수량은 하천을 통해 배수가 되고 있다. 이러한 배수계통을 갖는 하천에 대하여 대상유역의 배수관망 자료 부족과 Modeling의 어려움으로 인해 도시유출모형이 아닌 HEC-HMS 모형과 같은 유역추적법을 통해 유출분석이 이루어지고 있다. 또한 기존 논문에서 제시한 도시유출모형에 하도추적을 결합한 강우-유출 모의는 정확성 결여 및 번거로운 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 보다 안정적인 해석 모형인 MIKE SWMM 모형을 사용하여 과거 침수자료와 DEM 자료 및 수치 배수관망 자료를 통한 유역 및 배수관망 자료를 구축하고 유역에 대해서는 Runoff Block을 사용하고, 하수관거와 본류에 대해서는 Dynamic 방정식을 이용한 Extran Block을 적용하여 유출분석을 실시하고 그 결과를 기존의 방법들과 비교하여 각각의 장단점 및 적용성을 밝히고 개선방향등을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.265-276
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• 2008

수공구조물의 설계를 위해서는 충분한 기간의 관측자료가 필요하지만, 우리나라의 수문자료는 대부분 충분한 수의 관측자료를 보유하고 있지 못하는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 핵밀도함수를 이용한 비동질성 Markov 모형을 통해 시간강수량 자료를 모의하였다. 첫 번째로 시간강수량 자료에 변동핵밀도함수를 이용하여 천이확률을 산정하였으며, 두 번째로 난수와 천이확률을 통해 강수가 발생하는 시간을 결정하였다. 세 번째로 강수가 발생한 시간의 강수량의 크기를 핵밀도함수를 통해 추정하였다. 분석결과에서 모의된 시간강수량은 관측시간강수량과 비슷한 통계적 특성을 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 시간강수량의 모의발생을 위하여 산정한 천이확률을 이용해 강수의 무차원시간분포곡선을 유도하였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.251-264
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 비동질성 Markov 모형을 이용한 시간강수량의 모의발생을 수행하였다. 즉, 대상유역을 선정하고 시간강수량을 모의하여, 모의된 시간강수량을 이용한 확률강수량 및 확률홍수량을 산정하여 관측자료와 비교함으로써 비동질성 Markov 모형의 적용성을 평가하였다. 모의발생된 강수자료와 관측강수자료의 통계적 특성은 매우 유사한 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 모의년수가 증가할수록 극치값이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한, 모의자료를 이용해 산정한 확률홍수량은 관측강수량을 이용해 산정한 결과보다 큰 재현기간에서 관측유입량 자료를 빈도해석하여 산정한 확률홍수량과 더 근사한 결과를 보였다. 따라서, 비동질성 Markov 모형을 이용하여 보다 신뢰성 있는 수공구조물의 설계수문량 산정 등에 많이 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며 수자원 개발시 불확실성 분석을 위한 입력 자료인 강수자료로도 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of compomers. In this in vitro study, class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of thirty extracted human premolars and molars on cementum cervical margin. The experimental teeth were randomly divided into five groups of six samples (12 surfaces) each, Group 1 : Dyract AP, Group 2 : F2000 compomer(non-etch), Group 3 : F2000 compomer(etch), Group 4 : Elan, Group 5 : Compoglass. The bonding agents and compomer were applied for each group following the manufacturer's instructions. After 500 thermocycling between $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$, the 30 teeth were placed 1% methylene blue dye for 24 hours then rinsed with tab water. The specimens were embedded in clear resin, then sectioned buccolingually through the center of the restoration with a low speed diamond saw. The dye penetration on each of the specimen was observed with a stereomicroscope. The results of study were statistically analyzed using the Student-Newmann-Kaul' s Test. The results were obtained as follows. 1. All compomer restoration systems did not completely prevent marginal leakage. 2. In enamel margin, F2000 compomer(etch) group showed lower leakage value than other systems. Elan and Compoglass groups showed lower leakage value than Dyract AP and F2000 compomer(non-etch) groups (p<0.05). 3. In cementum margin, F2000 compomer(etch) and F2000 compomer (non-etch) groups showed lower leakage value than other systems. Dyract AP and Elan groups showed lower leakage value than Compoglass group (p<0.05).