• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.959-963
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• 1994

To detect bioactive compounds present in unused marine resources, the screening for the 5-lipoxygenase inhitors in Asterina pectinifera, Halocynthia roretzi skin, Nototodarus sloani ink, Anthocidaris crassispina skin, SArgassum horneri, Agarum cribrosum, Odonthalia corymbifera and Desmarestia ligulata was carried out. THe ether and acetone extracts of Sargassum horneri had the strongest antioxygnic activityon lipid oxidation by potato lipoxygenase-1 (one of 5-lipoygenase) among the tested marine samples and their $IC_{50}$ were 0.3 and 1.1g/ml, respectively. The ether and acetone extracts of Asterina pectinifera, the acetone extracts of Halocynthia roretizi, and the acetone extracts of Nototodarus sloani ink had strong inhibitory activity and their $IC_{50}$ were 72.5, 65, 13.3 and $13.3\mu\textrm{g}/ml$, respectively. In addition, the $IC_{50}$ of the acetone extracts of Agarum cribrosum and Desmarestia ligulata, and the ether extracts of Desmarestia ligulata were 15.5, 35 and $30.5\mu\textrm{g}/ml$, respectively. The nonpolar solvent (ether, acetone) extracts of tested marine organism had more antioxigenic effect against 5-lipoxygenase than the polar solvent(water) extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1162-1168
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• 2000

This study was designed to determine the seafood prcference of the 480 elcmentaty school children in Pusan. The survey was conducted from February 8 to February 22 in 2000. The correlation between nutrition knowledge and dietary attitude is highly significant. However there were no differences in nutrition knowledge and dietary attitude berween male and frmale students. Children's prefercnce is high in laver, crab, common squid, mackerel, hair tail, shrimp, but is low in oyster, warty sea squirt and salt-fermented seafood. The factors affected on the intake frequcncy of seafood and preference were dietary attitude of the children, cducation level of the mother and recommendation of the mother. Children's opinion on the intake of seafood was influenced by their nutrition knowledge and dietary attitude and the recommendation of the mother. Eating frequcncies of the seafood were not influenced by sex, family type, monthly food expenditure and dietary attitude of the mother.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.77-96
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• 1998

Fisheries products in Korea generally go through three markets, namely the wholesale market at production site (Market A), the wholesale market at consumption site (Market B), and the retail market (Market C), from producers to end consumers. As the products move from Market A through Market B to Market C, the marginal gap of prices asked in these markets demonstrates an apparent relationship. The producers, middlemen, consumers, and governmental departments concerned may influence the marketing prices of fisheries products. This study employing the cointegration theory tries to investigate whether causality of the price-setting among these markets exists and, if any, what it is. The authors have focused their attention on fisheries markets in Pusan, analyzing the long-run equilibrium relationship and causality between the prices of hairtail and squid among markets at different levels. Data used in this study cover the period f개m August 1984 to December 1997 fer hairtail, and the period from May 1989 to December 1997 for squid. The main findings of the study may be summarized as follows: First, regardless of the price time-series of hairtail and squid in individual market, the first difference is necessary fur satisfying the stationary conditions since each time-series is a first integration. This means homogeneous integration of time-series, which is a requirement of the long-run equilibrium of prices at different markets, is satisfied. Second, the study of the long-run equilibrium relationship between the prices at Market A and Market B shows that a long-run equilibrium relationship does exist for selling prices of the two species at Market A and Market B. Third, the ECM (error correction model ) used here to describe the long- and short-run dynamics of price change demonstrates that, in the case of squid, the price change in Market A will lead to a corresponding price change in Market B in the long-run period. In the short-run, however, the price at Market H is not only influenced by the price change in Market A but influence the price at Market A as well, that is, the Prices between Market A and Market B have a feedback effect. It should be stressed that the limitation in data collection, which cover only two species of hairtail and squid, is likely to cause a sampling bias. Nonetheless, we may conclude that a dynamic relation in the formation of prices does exist in view of the transaction amount of species at different markets. It is believed that the conclusion drawn from this study would not only contribute to a long-lasted debate on the direction of causality of price-setting among academic circle and fishing community, but would provide a useful standard for the policy makers in charge of the price-setting of fisheries products as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.1837-1842
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• 2013

Photostimulated luminescence (PSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) analyses were conducted for the detection of different gamma-irradiated dried fishes (mussel, squid, beka squid, mitra squid, plaice, and saury) at 0, 1, 5 and 10 kGy. For TL analysis, the contaminating silicate minerals were obtained by density separation or acid hydrolysis treatment. PSL determinations indicated that all the non-irradiated samples showed PSL photon counts/60 s (PCs) lower than 700 PCs (negative), but the irradiated mussel sample at 5 and 10 kGy were only possibility identified showing higher than 5000 PCs (positive). Irrespective of sample kinds and methods of mineral separation, all the non-irradiated samples showed TL glow curves in low-intensity with a maximum peak only after $250^{\circ}C$. However, all the irradiated samples produced TL glow curves in high intensity with a maximum peak particularly in the temperature range of 1$150{\sim}250^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, more distinguishable TL results [glow curve, TL ratio ($TL_1/TL_2$)] were obtained from the marker minerals separated by acid hydrolysis rather than density method.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.491-497
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• 2014

Nowadays, starfish is one of problems about interruption of marine ecosystem, so many researchers are focusing on application of the starfish (Asterias amurensis). In this study, we investigated the contractile and relaxant activity of the smooth muscles and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of six different tissues (muscle, gut, liver, tube feet, gonads, and body) of A. amurensis. Frozen samples were extracted with distilled water containing 1% acetic acid. Extracts from all the tissues, except the body tissue, showed potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli D31. The dorsal retractor muscles (DRM) of muscle and gut extracts showed strong contraction responses. On the other hand, contractile activity on esophagus of squid Todarodes pacificus could be detected in all tissues tested. The contractile activity of the liver extract was higher than that of the other tissues. The body, tube feet, and liver extracts showed the contractile activity on the intestine of the panther puffer fish (Takifugu pardalis). Relaxation response on the DRM of starfish (A. pectinifera) was observed in all tissues tested. Increased antioxidant activity was observed in the gut, liver, and body extracts. The results suggest that the starfish (A. amurensis) is a potential source of novel bioactive compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.8-16
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• 1986

The fishing conditions of flying squid, ommastrePhes barsram(Lesueur), in the North Pacific Ocean was studied based on the horizontal water temperature data, satellite data from NOAA and statistical data of flying squid fisheries which were collected from 1980 to 1984. The obtained results were as follows; 1. Since 1979, the Korean drift giIlnet fishery for flying squid was launched in North Pacific. Number of operating vessel and catch of flying squid increased gradually every year. The number of vessels were 111 and their annual catches were 42, 977 M/T in 1984. Therefore, Korean drift giIlnet fishery for this species has played an important role in the products of Korean high-sea fisheries. 2. In the beginning of the fisheries, fishing grounds was formed in the west of long. 1800E. In 1982, in consequence of the center which extended eastward, the fishing ground was formed long. 166$^{\circ}$W in the central North Pacific Ocean. Since 1983, the fishing grounds were formed as far as long. 161$^{\circ}$W. The range of general fishing season in the central North Pacific was from June to August. After september, fishing ground was shifted to the west, in the Northwestern Pacific. 3. The Predominant fishing season for the flying squid was August through January of the coming year. Optimum water temperature for flying sguid at surface layer in the Pacific Ocean ranged from 11 $^{\circ}$e to 17$^{\circ}$e in winter, 13$^{\circ}$e to 17$^{\circ}$e in spring, 12. 8$^{\circ}$C to 19.7$^{\circ}$e in summer and 1O.6$^{\circ}$e -18.7$^{\circ}$e in fall. 4. In summer, the Oceanographic condition in the North Pacific Ocean showed that the water temperature at surface layer was lower in 1980, 1983 and higher in 1981, 1982 and 1984 as compared with mean annual water temperature. 5. The characteristics df oceanographic conditions in the fluation, disformation, mixing and other factors of the Kuroshio and Oyashio currents, which have considerably influenced upon the water masses of the areas. 6. The data and information on surface thermal Structure interpreted from Infrared Satellite Imaginary from NOAA-7 and NOAA-8 are very available in estimating water temperature on the areas and investigating the major fishing grounds. 7. According to the fisheries statics of Japanese drift gilInet, the annual catches of flying squid considerably decreased from 225, 942 M/T in 1983 to 133, 217 M/T in 1984. 8. The fishing grounds in the central North Pacific in several fishing seasons were formed as follows: In June, the initial fishing season, the fishing grounds were formed in the vicinity of lat. 35 - 40oN, the central North Pacific east of 179$^{\circ}$E. In July, the fishing ground were formed in the wide arEa of the central North Pacific north of 400N and long. 174$^{\circ}$E-145$^{\circ}$W In Auguest, concentrative fishing operation carried out in :he central North Pacific north of 43$^{\circ}$N and East of 165$^{\circ}$W. On the other hand, in September, main fishing grounds were disappeared and moved to the west.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.183-193
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• 2011

This study made a comparative analysis of behavioral reaction of squid to red (624nm), green (524nm), blue (460nm) & white LED light, its arrival time for the shadow section by making the shadow section in the central section of a water tank just like the bottom part of a squid jigging vessel, and on-site catching efficiency of LED fishing lamp with control fishing vessel. The color LED light showing the highest squidgathering rate as against the shadow section was found to be blue LED light with 39.3% rate under the dark (0.05lx) condition. Under the brighter condition than 0.05lx, white LED light was found to have the highest gathering rate of 41.5%. In addition, it was found that squid gathering rate was high at the shadow section which showed 6.3-fold brightness difference between the shadow section and bright section. As for the arrival time for the shadow section, blue LED light was found to be the fastest in attracting squids in 192.7 seconds under the dark condition while the red LED light was the fastest in luring squids in 164.6 seconds under the bright condition. The ratio of the squid-jigging operation and sailing in fuel consumption of the fishing vessel loaded with LED fishing lamp is about 7 to 1, showing most of the fuel is consumed more in sailing than in squid-jigging operation. As for a catch of squid, the control vessel loaded with MH (Metal Halide) fishing lamp had more catch of 600-7,080 squids than the vessel loaded with LED fishing lamp having a catch of 260-1,700 squids. In addition, even in the comparison of a catch per automatic jigging machine, the catch of the vessel loaded with MH fishing lamp excelled that of the vessel loaded with LED fishing lamp in 6 operations of squid jigging out of 9 operations. The ratio of hand-jigging and automatic jigging machine (one line) in the LED fishing lamp vessel was 1:1.1 excepting the case of having a catch only using an automatic jigging machine, showing almost the same with each other in catches, while in case of a MH fishing lamp vessel, its ratio against hand-jigging was 1 to 5.8, showing hand-jigging excelled in catches.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.294-303
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• 2008

Squid jigging fishery is very important in that there are about 1,000 jigging vessels more than 10 tonnage and about 5,000 ones less than 10 tonnage in Korea. But the cost of oil which is used to light fishing lamps, goes significantly up to almost one hundred million won for 50 tonnage vessels and forty million won in case of vessels less than 10 tonnage. This cost has almost taken 40% of total fishing costs. That is, the fishing business condition of squid jigging fishery is recently in the very difficult situation. As oil price increases, the business condition of the fishery gets worse and worse. Therefore it is very urgent to develop an economical fishing lamp, to solve this problem of fishery's business difficulty. This research aims at developing a fishing lamp for squid jigging fishery using the light emitting diode which has very excellent efficiency and durability. We made a water tank with 20 meters width which is a shape of raceway to research behavioral characteristics of Japanese flying squid to LED light, and made an experiment to investigate optimum wave of LED light to lure squid. The method is to establish LED lamps on both ends of water tank and to observe squid's behavior. Colors and wave lengths of LED lamps, used in experiment, are red(634nm), yellow(596nm), green(523nm), blue(454nm) and white(454nm+560nm). In experiment for attractive capability of LED lamp to squids, Japanese flying squid are highly attracted to blue lamp and white lamp. However, they are dispersed to red and yellow lamps. In addition, Japanese flying squid have moved and stayed in both dark ends of water tank. When compared intermittent lamp with continuous lamp, Japanese flying squid are highly attracted to intermittent lamp when intermittent interval is 0.25 second.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.254-260
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• 2006

A 6-week feeding trial was conducted to determine apparent protein and phosphorus digestibilities in order to evaluate nine different dietary protein sources in growing olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Nine diets containing fish meal analog ($BAIFA-M^{TM}$), white fish meal (WFM), flounder muscle powder (FMP), squid liver powder (SLP), leather meal (LM), soybean meal (SM), corn gluten meal (CGM), poultry by-product (PBP) or egg albumin(EA) were prepared by mixing a basal diet (BD) with one of nine test ingredients at the ratio of 7 to 3. Apparent protein digestibilities of FMP, SLP, WFM, SM, CGM, LM, PBP, $BAIFA-M^{TM}$, and EA were 94%, 92%, 86%, 82%, 75%, 72%, 72%, 71%, and 30%, respectively. Apparent phosphorus digestibilities of FMP, SLP, $BAIFA-M^{TM}$, LM, WFM, PBP, CGM, EA and SM were 77%, 72%, 65%, 55%, 54%, 50%, 20%, 20%, and 17%, respectively. Weight gain of fish fed FMP ($323^a$) was significantly higher than those of fish fed the other diets, and those of fish fed basal diet ($302^b$), SLP ($305^b$) and WFM ($308^b$) diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed SM ($274^c$), $BAIFA-M^{TM}\;(268^{cd}),\;PBP\;(261^{de}),\;LM\;(251^e),\;CGM\;(254^e)$ and EA ($181^f$). Based on the results of apparent protein digestibilities, apparent phosphorus digestibilities and weight gain, SLP, SM and $BAIFA-M^{TM}$ could be one of good protein source to replace fish meal in flounder diets.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 1997.06b
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• pp.11-12
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• 1997

니트로소디메틸아민이 발암성 물질이라는 것이 1954년 Barnes와 Magee에 의해 발견된 이래 이것이 지금까지 학자들에게 관심의 대상이 되고 있는 이유는 발암력이 강하여 극미량으로도 생체내에 암을 유발시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 대부분의 발암성 물질이 신체의 특정기관에 발암작용을 나타내는데 비해 이 물질은 신체의 여러 부위에 암을 유발시킬 수 있다는 점 그리고 이 물질이 햄, 소시지, 베이컨, 알코올음료, 김치 및 어류 가공품 등 어려 가지 식품에 널리 분포되어 있다는 사실 등을 들 수 있다. 니트로소 화합물은 구조로 보아 티트로소아민과 니트로소아미드로 구분되는데 전자는 제 2급 아연이 산화질소 유도체와 반응하여 생성된 니트로소 유도체이과 후자는 오소, 아미드 등이 치환된 니트로소 유도체로서 화학적인 성질이나 생물학적인 작용이 상이하다. 즉 니트로소아민은 식품에서 안정한 화합물인 반면에 대부분의 니트로소아미드는 불안정하다. 지금까지 연구된 바에 의하면 3백 여종의 니트로소 화합물에 대하여 동물실험을 행한 결과 발암성이 90% 이상 인정되었다. 식품 중 니트로소 화합물의 전구물질 중 질산염과 아질산염은 식품의 가공 저장 및 조리과정 중 니트로화의 된 전구물질인데 이는 육가공품의 색소고정, Cl. Botulinum에 의한 식중독 방지 및 풍미의 향상을 위하여 수 세기 동안 식품첨가제를 사용되어 왔으며, 유럽이나 미국 등지에서는 아직도 육가공품에 아질산염의 첨가가 논란의 대상이 되고 있다. 식품 중 니트로소 화합물에 대한 북유럽 식품 3천여 점을 분석한 결과 검출된 니트로소 화함물은 니트로소디메틸아민이 대부분이며 맥주에서 66%로 검출률이 가장 높았고 다음으로 염지육 및 치즈의 순 이었다. 조리한 일본산 해산 식품 중에 니트로소디메틸아민이 최고 313$\mu$g/kg, 캐나다산 해산 건조 식품에서는 67$\mu$g/kg, 홍콩산 염건어에는 1,400 $\mu$g/kg , 훈연어류에는 N-nitrosothiazolidine이 13,700 $\mu$g/kg , 우리 나라 해산 식품 중 니트로소디메틸아민은 건조가오리, 동결건조명태, 건조오징어, 굴비 및 소건새우 등에서 2.8~86.0 $\mu$g/kg 으로서 비교적 높은 양이 검출되었을 뿐 아니라 이들 식품을 조리할 경우 3.6~13배 증가하였다. 또한 김치와 젓갈류 중에서도 니트로소디메틸아민이 검출된다는 연구가 있다. 식품 중 니트로소 화합물의 생성율 억제시키기 위하여 최근 20여년간 연구된 바를 요약하면 아스코르브산과 같은 억제제의 첨가, 가공방법 및 조리방법의 개선이 비교적 바람직한 방법으로 인정되고 있다. 위의 방법을 적용하여 베이컨을 조리한 결과 낮은 온도에서 오랜 시간 가열하는 것이 높은 온도에서 짧은 시간 가열한 것보다 니트로화 반응이 훨씬 낮았고 또 마이크로웨이브로 조리하는 것이 니트로소아민을 최소화 시키는 방법이었다. 염지육은 아스코르브산이나 토코페롤 등의 니트로화 억제제를 첨가할 경우 니트로소 화합물이 현저히 감소 하였는데 이는 산화질소의 소거 능력이 우수하기 때문인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 가공방법의 개선으로서는 가공시 식품을 공기에 노출시킬 경우 특히 직화로 가열된 공기에 노출되면 니트로소아민의 생성이 매우 높은 것으로 보고되어 있는데 그 대표적인 예로 맥아를 직화로 건조할 경우 맥주 중에 니트로소 화합물이 훨씬 높은 양이 검출된다고 보고되어 있다. 대체로 식품의 가공 조리 및 저장 중 니트로소화합물에 대한 메커니즘은 상세히 밝혀져 있으나 생체내에서의 생성이나 억제 등에 대한 연구는 아직도 미흡한 실정이라이 분야에 대한 연구가 절실히 요구된다.