• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.369-372
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.02a
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• pp.94-108
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• 2001

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.149-159
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• 2011

Nuclear power utilities should establish a site-specific groundwater monitoring program for early detection of unplanned radioactive material's releases which can occur due to degradation of systems, structures and components of the nuclear power plants in order to keep the impact of the unplanned releases on the environment and the residents as low as reasonably achievable. For this end, groundwater flow on site should be evaluated based on characterization of the hydrogeology of a site of concern. This paper aims to provide data necessary for establishing groundwater monitoring program which is currently considered at Kori nuclear power plant 1 by characterizing groundwater flow system on the site based on the existing hydrogeological studies and related documents, and by modeling tritium transport. The results showed that the major groundwater flow direction was south-west and that most of groundwater entered a southern and eastern seas. Although the tritium plume also released into the sea, its rate was delayed by dewatering sump.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2007

The objectives of soil investigation in risk assessment of contaminated sites are to characterize the level and area of contamination, and provide the important physical and chemical properties of contaminated sites for later exposure assessment. This study suggests two soil investigation strategies to be considered in the soil risk assessment in Korea. First, soil investigation for characterizing soil properties is additionally required to the current investigation method that has focused on chemical analysis. Second, application of statistical concepts to soil investigation plan and soil data analysis are required for confidential decison-making on contamination and determining the exposure soil concentration. This study provides a practical soil investigation strategy to involve the current Korean soil analysis guidance with the minimum sample number required for satisfying statistical limits.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.63-75
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• 2010

There are several remediation technologies for heavy metal contaminated soils but increasing cost limits the application of the technology if the contaminated area is large. Therefore, stabilization, which blocks the release of heavy metals or makes slow the release, is one of the applicable technology for the heavy metal contaminated soil. Current study is an applicability test for a smelter area with various stabilizer such as magnetite, hematite, zeolite-A, zeolite-X, zeolite-Y, zinc oxide, calcium oxide, carbon trioxide, manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, fish bone, sodium phosphate. The soil contaminated with arsenic, lead, copper, nickel, and zinc could not be stabilized only one stabilizer which is known to have stability for certain metal. Many of the stabilizer works for a few metal but not all of the heavy metal. In several cases, stabilizers increase the release of the other metals while they stabilize some metals. In general, the stabilizing efficiency was increased with time. For Ni, Pb, calcium oxide, carbon trioxide, manganese oxide had good stabilizing effect in water extractable portion. For Cu, manganese oxide, zeolite showed good results especially in the exchangeable portion of the sequential extraction. For As, magnetite had good ability but most of the metal oxide which showed good result for other heavy metals increased with the release of As. Current study suggest that multiple stabilizers are needed for the contaminated soil and dose of the stabilizer and stabilizing time should be carefully considered for the soil contaminated with various metals.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.27-35
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• 2003

The study site located in an industrial complex has a Precambrian age gneiss as a bedrock. The poorly-developed, disturbed soils in the study site have loamy-textured surface soil (1 to 2 m) and gravelly sand alluvium subsurface (2 to 6 m) on the top of weathered gneiss bedrock. The depth of the groundwater table was about 3.5 m below ground surface and increased toward down-gradient of the site. The hydraulic conductivity of transmitted zone (gravelly coarse sand) was in the range of 5.0${\times}$10$\^$-2/∼1.85${\times}$10$\^$-1/ cm/sec. The fine sand layer was in the range of 1.5${\times}$10$\^$-3/ to 7.6${\times}$10$\^$-3/ cm/sec. and the reclaimed upper soil layer was less than 10$\^$-4/ cm/sec. Toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (TEX) was the major contaminant in the soil and groundwater. The average depth of the soil contamination was about 1.5 m in the gravelly sand alluvium layer. At the depth interval 2.4∼4.8 m, the highest contamination in the soil is located approximately 50 to 70 m from the suspected source areas. The concentration of TEX in the groundwater was highest in the suspected source area and a lesser concentration in the center and southwest parts of the site. The TEX distribution in the groundwater is associated with their distribution in the soil. Microbial isolation showed that Pseudomonas flurescence, Burkholderia cepacia, and Acinetobactor lwoffi were the dominant aerobic bacteria in the contaminated soils. The analytical results of the groundwater indicated that the concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, and sulfate in the contaminated area were significantly lower than their concentrations in the none-contaminated control area. The results also indicated that groundwater at the contaminated area is under anaerobic condition and sulfate reduction is the predominant terminal electron accepting process. The total attenuation rate was 0.0017 day$\^$-1/ and the estimated first-order degradation rate constant (λ) was 0.0008 day$\^$-1/.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.525-534
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• 2014

Environmental problems typically occurring in abandoned mine lands (AML) include: contaminated and acidic surface water and groundwater; stockpiled waste rock and mill tailings; and ground subsidences due to mining operations. This study examines the effectiveness of various geophysical techniques for mapping potential hazard and contaminated zones. Four AML sites with sedimentation contamination problems, acid mine drainage (AMD) channels, ground subsidence, manmade liner leakage, and buried mine tailings, were selected to examine the applicability of various geophysical methods to the identification of the different types of mine hazards. Geophysical results were correlated to borehole data (core samples, well logs, tomographic profiles, etc.) and water sample data (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and heavy metal contents). Zones of low electrical resistivity (ER) corresponded to areas contaminated by heavy metals, especially contamination by Cu, Pb, and Zn. The main pathways of AMD leachate were successfully mapped using ER methods (low anomaly peaks), self-potential (SP) curves (negative peaks), and ground penetrating radar (GPR) at shallow penetration depths. Mine cavities were well located based on composite interpretations of ER, seismic tomography, and well-log records; mine cavity locations were also observed in drill core data and using borehole image processing systems (BIPS). Damaged zones in buried manmade liners (used to block descending leachate) were precisely detected by ER mapping, and buried rock waste and tailings piles were characterized by low-velocity zones in seismic refraction data and high-resistivity zones in the ER data.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.48-55
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• 1990

Land treatment를 이용한 폐수와 폐기물의 성공적이며 안전한 처리는 토양에서의 적절한 생물학적, 물리적, 화학적 반응들이 일어날때 이루어지며 이를 위해서는 처리해야할 폐기물과 토양의 성질에 따라 적절한 공정의 설계가 따라야할 것이다. Land treatment는 다른 물리화학적 처분방법에 비해 약간 느리고 불완전하다 할지라도 비용이 저렴하고 또한 landfill이나 deepwell injection등 토양을 이용한 다른 처분방법에 비해 지하수나 인근지역의 오염, 가스발생 등의 문제점이 훨씬 적다. 토지의 반복적인 처리장 부지로서의 사용 후에는 경우에 따라서는 농작물이나 가축사육용 초지로 이용할 수 있고 농경지로 이용 못할 경우에는 공원이나 건축용부지, 체육시설 등으로 이용이 가능하므로 우리나라에서도 정유, 식품공장 등지에서 폐기물의 처리및 처분방법으로 시도해 보는 것이 바람직하다고 생각된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.242-242
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• 2004

원자력발전소의 운전과정에서 계획적 혹은 비계획적으로 방출되는 미량의 입자상 방사성 물질들은 대부분 원전 부지내 토양에 침적되게 된다. 이러한 과정 속에서 오염토양이 발생하게 되면 수거되어 단순 격리관리하고 있는 실정이지만 앞으로 원전의 해체과정 등으로 인한 오염토양이 상당량 발생할 것으로 예상되기 때문에 적절한 제염을 통하여 폐기물량을 최소화시킬 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 오염토양 제염공정으로 물을 이용한 토양세척법을 선정하여 제염장치를 제작하였으며 실증시험을 수행하였다.(중략)

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Policies of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark were compared and analyzed on risk assessment of contaminated sites. These countries were chosen from a feasible preliminary analysis of 18 countries of the European Union and the U. S. All the countries selected met two major criteria : I) implementation of risk assessment to determine the soil contamination and remediation targets of contaminated sites, ii) use of soil guidance values and risk assessment as complementary measures to determine soil contamination. Suggested policy improvements to Korea regarding these issues include i) legislation of a rational risk assessment methodology of contaminated sites, and ii) enactment of collaboration of risk assessment with the soil guidance values. To establish effective risk assessment legislation, additional in-depth research on social, economic and long-term effects of the proposed risk assessment methodologies, as well as the mutual consent of all parties including academia, industry, and administration will be necessary. Linking risk assessment with soil guidance values would be applicable to a site contaminated where the contaminant concentration exceeds a certain soil guidance value. In parallel, application of risk assessment to a site where a contaminant concentration is naturally different such as mining sites would be plausible. The policy suggestions above are not yet conclusive due to a lack of policy implementation, and simulation. Thus, additional research on developing risk assessment methodology is needed. Nevertheless, initiation of the suggested policy would increase the efficacy of Korean policy regarding the survey and remediation of contaminated sites.