• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.699-712
• /
• 1996

Field scale experiments using an automated 144-channel TDR system were conducted which monitored the movement of solute through unsaturated loamy soils. The experiments were carried out on two different field plots of 0.54 ha to study the vertical movement of solute plume created by applying a square pulse of $CaCl_2$ as a tracer. The residence concentration was monitored at 24 locations on a transect and 5 depths per location by horizontally-positioning 50 cm long triple wire TDR probes to study the heterogeneity of solute travel times and the governing transport concept at field scale. This paper describes details of experimental methodology and calibration aspects of the TDR system. Three different calibration methods for estimation of solute concentration from TDR-measured bulk soil electrical conductivity were used for each field site. Data analysis of mean breakthrough curves (BTCs) and parameters estimated using the convection-dispersion model (CDE) and the convective-lognormal transfer function model (CLT) reveals that the automated TDR system is a viable technique to study the field scale solute transport providing a normal distribution of resident concentration in a high resolution of time series, and that calibration method does not significantly affect both the shape of BTC and the parameters related to the peak travel time. Among the calibration methods, the simple linear model (SLM), a modified version of Rhoades' model, appears to be promising in the calibration of horizontally-positioned TDR probes at field condition.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.21-33
• /
• 2004

The objective of this study is to review of environmental assessment of heavy metals derived from various metalliferous mines in Korea. As a results of national wide research for heavy metal contaminations in the vicinity of metalleferous mines, the main contaminants are mine waste materials including tailings. From the materials, toxic elements including As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn can be dispersed into downstream through wind and water. Thus, soils around the mines contain elevated levels of those elements, which are over the guide values for environmental regulation of soils in Korea. Arsenic is one of the most important elements contaminated by mining activities, to a less extent, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. In spite of remediation works for some metal mines by the government, there are still lots of abandoned mines which are necessary for reclamation of mining sites. This study also includes that metal concentrations in soils and tailings can be varied upon various decomposition methods including 0.1N HC1 and aqua regia and sequential extraction scheme, with differences in each element, too. This may be due to geochemical characteristics of the elements, such as solubility, mobility and chemical forms in the geochemical environment. Finally, it is suggested that a certain organization should be runned by Korean government for management of abandoned mines.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.115-134
• /
• 2003

Recently, there are many cases in the roadway design for successive tunnel with small distance between two tunnels. In this case, the degree of interference for successive tunnels is a significant consideration in the design of ventilation systems. Also, Re-inflows of contaminated air in successive tunnel make serious ventilation problems in case of fire accident in the tunnel. In this study, for successive tunnels in Donghae highway project, the concentration of contaminant such as CO, NOx and Smoke were calculated by numerical analysis using 1D and 3D-CFD analysis. And, the rate of re-inflow at the portals of successive tunnel according to the direction of wind were analysed.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.421-431
• /
• 2018

Analyses of the three-storied stone pagoda at the Bulguksa temple in Gyeongju were carried out in order to identify the cause for material characteristics of inorganic contaminants and conservation treatment materials. Results indicated that foreign soil or weathering soil caused yellow discoloration of the pagoda, reddish-brown contaminants were formed by goethite (FeOOH), an iron oxide mineral, and black pollutants were formed by manganese (Mn) oxide, leading to discoloration of the rock. Among the restoration materials used in the past, cement mortar could cause whitening by reacting with the external environment. The results were used as basic standards to evaluate the material characteristics of the surface contaminants and identify a set of effective conservation treatments. Nevertheless, continuous monitoring is required, as there is a high possibility of regeneration of pollutants in the future because of the continuous exposure of the pagoda to the external environment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2020.06a
• /
• pp.209-209
• /
• 2020

환경부 자료에 따르면 1990년대부터 2000년대 후반까지 국내의 도시면적은 696,239㎢ 증가했다. 도시지역에서의 불투수면적이 차지하는 비율은 25% ~ 80%로 적지 않은 비율을 차지한다. 따라서 도시면적이 증가하면 이는 불투수면적의 증가로 이어지며 이로인한 지표유출로 오염물질의 유입이 늘어나게 되면, 수질오염중 비점오염원이 차지하는 비중의 증가한다. 비점오염원으로 인해 발생하는 환경문제를 해결하기 위해 LID(Low Impact Develpment)시설에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되었다. 본 연구에서는 7년간의 선행 연구결과를 바탕으로 LID 시설별 오염물질 저감효율을 비교분석하였다. 용인 삼계리에 위치한 식생수로 오염지표들의 유입, 유출EMC를 토대로 제거 효율에 대한 평가를 해보면 TSS는 46%, BOD는 48%, COD는 56%. TN은 42% 그리고 TP는 58%가 나왔다. 용인 해곡동에 위치한 식생여과대의 경우 TSS는 83%, BOD는 45%, COD는 43%, TN은 39%, 그리고 TP는 62%가 나왔다. 마지막으로 전주에 위치한 식생체류지의 경우 TSS는 100%, BOD는 75%, TOC는 62%, TN은 67% 그리고 TP는 83%가 나왔다. 이들 자료를 바탕으로 효율성 평가를 해보면 먼저 식생수로의 경우 TP 저감 효율이 58%로 가장 높았으며 TN 저감 효율이 42%로 가장 낮았다. 식생여과대의 경우 TSS 저감 효율이 83%로 가장 높았으며 TN 저감 효율이 39%로 가장 낮았다. 마지막으로 식생체류지의 경우 TSS 저감 효율이 100%에 가까운 양질의 제거효율을 보여주었으며, TOC의 경우 67%로 제일 낮은 제거효율을 보였다. 위 결과를 토대로 판단을 해보면 식생체류지가 전반적으로 좋은 지표를 보였으며 대부분의 상황에 양호한 제거효율을 기대할 수 있다고 생각된다. 식생 LID시설은 자연친화적이며 강우유출과 오염물질을 제거할 수 있다는 장점이 있는 반면, 장치형 LID시설에 비해 넓은 부지면적을 필요로 하므로 설치 지역의 특성에 맞게 LID 시설을 시공하는것이 적절하다고 판단된다. 해당 연구결과는 향후 식생형 LID시설을 설계하는데 있어서 기초자료로 반영될 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.443-448
• /
• 2002

• Journal of the KSME
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.45-48
• /
• 2015

이 글에서는 저온 플라즈마를 이용한 연소로 배출 가스상 오염 물질을 제거하는 방법에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.466-476
• /
• 2016

Dredging is inevitably necessary for the management of water infrastructure such as waterways and polluted bottom sediment. Dredged material management options may be offshore dumping, wetland creation, beach nourishment and various other engineering uses depending on the given circumstances at the time of dredging. Among those options, wetland creation and beach nourishment are the preferred ones in Korea considering significant loss of wetland and beach erosion due to various development projects along the coastal region. In order to use dredged material beneficially, however, dredged material needs to be assessed its suitability with respect to its engineering purpose and environmental criteria. In this paper, we demonstrate that environmental risk of dredged material to be introduced into the marine environment can be easily assessed using biomarkers with relative low cost. Biomarkers can also compliment pollutant contents analysis that may not be specific to their impact on biological response. Biomarker information may be used to assist decision making process in selecting suitable treatment or beneficial use options for dredged materials.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.330-331
• /
• 2002

급격한 도시화와 산업화는 필연적으로 화석연료의 사용량 증가를 초래하였고 적절한 제어 대책이 마련되지 않는 한 결과적으로 인구가 집중된 도시 지역에서는 각종 대기 오염물질과 함께 환경 대기중의 휘발성 유기화합물(Volatile Organic Compounds VOCs)의 농도도 직접 혹은 간접적으로 증가하고 있다. VOC는 스모그 형성의 주요 원인물질인 오존의 전구물질일 뿐만 아니라 현재개선이 되지 않고 있는 시정 장애와 관련이 있는 물질이고 최근 수치상의 대기질 개선에도 불구하고 실제 피부로 느껴지게 하는 주요 원인물질이다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.77-78
• /
• 2001

자동차는 차종, 차령 및 사용연료에 따라 매우 다양한 배출가스를 발생시키며 이러한 물질 중 CO, HC, NOx, PM 등은 배출가스 허용기준에 따라 규제되고 있다. 반면에 미량유해물질로서 자동차 배출가스에는 알데히드, PAHs, VOCs등은 인체위해성 및 대기중 오존생성원인물질로서 대기오염에 미치는 영향이 강조되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 자동차에서 배출되는 이들 물질중 VOCs 배출특성을 파악하여 배출 허용기준을 마련하기 위한 기초자료로서 이용하고, 이러한 결과를 토대로 미량유해물질에 대한 대기오염 관리대책을 마련하는데 기여하고자 하였다. (중략)