• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.56
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• pp.46-52
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• 2008

최근 오리 농가수 및 사육수수의 급격한 증가와 규모화가 빠르게 진행되어 왔으나 각종 질병(전염성질병, 비전염성질병, 중독증 등)에 대한 피해가 크게 발생되고 있지만 이들 질병들이 어느 때 얼마만큼 피해가 주고 있는지 상황파악이 아주 미흡한 상태이다. 이렇게 농가수와 사육수가 늘어난 근본적인 이유는 외식산업의 발달과 붉은 고기이면서도 건강에 좋다는 선호도가 높아지면서 오리산업의 외형적 성장에 그 기반을 두고 있다. 오리에서 발생되는 질병으로는 오리패혈증(리메렐라 감염증), 오리 바이러스성 간염, 대장균증, 살모넬 라감염증, 마이코플라즈마병, 오리바이러스성 장염, 조류인플루엔자, 보튤리눔중독증 등 다양하며 국내에서는 오리바이러스성 장염을 제외한 위에 기술된 모든 질병이 현재 발생되고 있는 것으로 추정되고 있다. 위에 기술된 질병들 중에서 현재 가장 문제가 되고 있는 질병으로는 오리패혈증과 오리 바이러스성간염이다.

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.20
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• pp.18-21
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• 2001

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.105
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• pp.38-41
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• 2012

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.65
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• pp.49-56
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• 2008

대만정부는 1968년도에 오리에 대한 체계적인 연구를 수행할 수 있도록 연구소를 설립하여 오늘날 5개의 연구서에서 수많은 석박사가 육종, 질병, 영양, 관리에 이르기까지 체계적인 연구를 하고 있고 농민들은 이들의 기술적인 지원과 교육을 받아 오리알과 고기를 효율적으로 생산함은 물론 전체 생산량의 약 40% 가량을 일본에 수출하여 외화소득을 올리고 있었다. 한국처럼 단순히 종압(종자용 어미오리)을 수입하여 병아리를 부화 생산하는 단계를 넘어서 육종을 활발히 하여 건강하고 경제적인 오리를 기르고 있었다. 우리나라에서 큰 문제가 되고 있는 질병인 오리 혈증 바이러스성 간염, 바이러스성 장염은 별로 큰 문제가 되지 않고 가금콜레라(양계의 C.R.D와 유사)가 첫번째 중요질병이라고 하는 등 질병 발생양상도 크게 차이가 있었다. 바이러스 간염의 경우 대만은 백신을 접종하여 거의 100% 예방하고 있는데 우리나라는 아직 개발완료 단계인 것으로 알려지고 있다.

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.239
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• pp.6-12
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• 2023

경기도는 올해 4월 기준 전국 사육 대비 2% 정도 규모인 12농가 15만마리의 오리를 사육하고 있으며 주로 안성 지역에 사육이 집중돼 있다. 경기도의 오리 정책은 가축전염병 예방과 쾌적한 사육환경 조성을 중점으로 오리 바이러스간염 예방약품 지원, 방역선진형 농장 조성, CCTV 등 방역인프라 지원, 동절기 가금농가 사육제한 휴업보상, 축사시설현대화, 사료구매 지원, 가금 경쟁력 강화사업 등을 추진하고 있다. 경기도의 조류인플루엔자(AI) 방역상황을 점검해 보고 오리 방역정책을 중점적으로 살펴보자.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 2001

Ducklings collected from three farms, having history of rapid onset and spread of nerve signs including kick spasmodically with legs and opisthotonos, were pathologically, barteriologically, virologically examined. Grossly, multiple petechial to ecchymotic hemorrhages were detected in the swollen liver. Histopathologically, diffuse coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes was characteristic in acute cases. Chronic cases revealed marked bile duct hyperplasia rather than hepatocyte necrosis. Some of these cases exhibited multiple granulomas consisting of macrophages, heterophil, fibrin and necrotic cell debri. Filtered homogenate of livers sampled from ducklings caused embryo death with marked hemorrhage and swollen of liver after inoculation into chorioallantoic membrane. Three strains of Salmonella app.,S montevideo, S hadar, and S give, which were biochemically and serologically identified, weir isolated from ducklings of three farms, respectively. From these results, these ducklings were concurrently infected with duck hepatitis virus and Salmonella spp.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.171-174
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• 1985

An outbreak of duck virus hepatitis was confirmed for the first time in Korea from ducklings having up to 40~65% mortality in less than 15-day-old ducklings of two farms located in the vicinity of Kwangju city. The infected ducks showed sudden death and opisthotonus position. The predominant gross lesions were found in the liver, showing enlargement and petechial or ecchymotic hemorrhages. The microscopic findings were consisted of fatty changes and necrosis of the hepatic cells, and proliferation of the bile duct epithelium. The presence of the virus was detected by electron microscopy of the sera and livers of infected ducks. The duck embryo and the ducks inoculated with the liver materials from the infected ducks showed the same lesions with those of the naturally infected ducks.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

In January 2010, high mortalities of ducklings occurred in two adjacent farms. Ducklings in farm A showed neurologic signs including paddling, opisthotonus and lameness, but ducklings from farm B had no specific clinical signs. At post mortem, diffused hemorrhagic spots in the liver and hemorrhages in the small intestine were observed in ducklings from farm A, and ducklings from farm B had only proventricular ulceration. Microscopically, multiple necrosis of hepatocytes, hyperplasia of the bile ducts, hemorrhages, infiltration of lymphocytes and bacterial colonies were commonly observed in the liver of ducklings from both farms. Also, type A and C duck hepatitis virus (DHV) were isolated from farm A and farm B, respectively and Salmonella typhimurium was commonly isolated and identified serologically and biochemically. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the co-infection of DHV and Salmonella typhimurium in ducklings, and co-circulation of type A and C duck hepatitis viruses in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 2000

Duck viral hepatitis is an acute, highly infectious viral disease of young dacklings aged from two days to three weeks. The significant lesion associated with the disease was enlarged liver including necrotic foci and numerous hemorrhagic spots. We have isolated five strains of duck hepatitis virus (DHV) from field cases showing about 20% mortality with a sign of opisthotonos. When a-day-old ducklings were intramuscularly inoculated with one of the isolates, 92% of the birds were died within 5 days. We attempted to develop an attenuated strain of duck hepatitis virus (DHV) using one of the isolates by serial chicken embryo passages. The propagation of DHV in chicken embryos was carried 140 passages. The virus titer increased gradually from the $21^{st}$ through the $50^{th}$ passage, but there was no significant increase of virus titer in subsequent passages after then. Through the serial passages, the virulence of the virus for chicken embryos was gradually increased but decreased for ducklings. The pathogenicity of the virus for ducklings was preserved up to the $21^{st}$ passage but disappeared at the $50^{th}$passage. An attenuated Korean isolate which was passaged 140 times in chicken embryos gave good protection in ducklings against both challenge infection to a Korean virulent strain and to a DHV-DRL strain, a type 1 reference strain of DHV, which indicated that the Korean isolates could be classified as DHV type 1. And the above results suggest that an attenuated Korean isolate can be used for developing a live DHV vaccine.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.110-116
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• 2000

Duck viral hepatitis is an acutic, highly infectious viral disease of young ducklings. The most practical means for controlling duck viral hepatitis is the vaccination of ducklings or of a breeding stock. We attempted to develop a vaccine strain of duck hepatitis virus (DHV) using a Korean isolate by serial chicken embryo passages. The propagation of DHV in chicken embryos was carried 140 passages. After the $50^{th}$ passage, of which the virus was non-pathogenic for ducklings, approximately every $20^{th}$ passage of the virus was tested for vaccinal efficacy. Both the $70^{th}$ and $90^{th}$ passage of the virus gave good protection against challenge infection to a DHV-DRL reference strain(type 1) and a virulent Korean isolate. The $110^{th}$, $125^{th}$ and $140^{th}$ passage of the virus were less protective than the $70^{th}$ and $90^{th}$ passage, which means that more than $110^{th}$ passage may lead to over-attenuation of the virus. Ducklings vaccinated with the chicken-embryo-adapted virus by oral, intramuscular or eye drop administration showed earlier resistance to challenge infection from 3 to 7 days postvaccination. Of the above methods, ducklings vaccinated intramuscularly presented the most rapid resistance against challenge. The minimum immune dose of the chicken-embryo-adapted virus in ducklings was also studied. Ducklings inoculated with a dose of $10^{2.0}\;ELD_{50}$ and below were not fully protected against challenge with a virulent DHV, showing a protection rate of 67% to 73%, but ducklings inoculated with a dose of $10^{3.0}\;ELD_{50}$ and over were completely protected. The virus yield of the chicken-embryo-adapted DHV was examined at 24hrs and 48hrs of the incubation time in the allantoic fluid, embryo head and embryo minus head of the embryonating egg. In all three components, the titer of the virus was higher at 48 hours than that at 24 hours after incubation. And the titer of the virus was higher in the embryo minus head, embryo head and the allantoic fluid, in order. Field trials for evaluating the efficacy of the attenuated DHV as a live vaccine were done in duck farms with about 25% mortality of flocks resulting from duck viral hepatitis. After the use of the experimental vaccine, the mortality due to duck viral hepatitis was dramatically reduced in the farms. These results indicated that the attenuated DHV using a Korean isolate could be a good candidate as a live vaccine strain of DHV in Korea.