• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.172-189
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• 2016

In this research, literature research on the Odong material, mixture ratio, casting method and casting facility was conducted on contemporary documents, such as Cheongong Geamul. Also, a long sword was produced using the Odong inlay technique. The sword reproduction steps were as follows; Odong alloying, silver soldering alloying, Odong plate and Silver plate production, hilt and sheath production, metal frame and decorative elements, such as a Dugup (metal frame), production, Odong inlay assembly and final assembly. For the Odong alloy production, the mixture ratio of the true Odong, which has copper and gold ratio of 20:1, was used. This is traditional ratio for high quality product according to $17^{th}$ century metallurgy instruction manual. The silver soldering alloy was produced with silver and brass(Cu 7 : Zn 3) ratio of 5:1 for inlay purpose and 5:2 ratio for simple welding purpose. The true Odong alloy laminated with silver plate was used to produce hilt and sheath. The alloy went through annealing and forging steps to make it into 0.6 mm thick plate and its backing layer, which is a silver plate, had the matching thickness. After the two plates were adhered, the laminated plate went through annealing, forging, engraving, silver inlaying, shaping, silver welding, finishing and polishing steps. During the Odong colouring process, its red surface turns black by induced corrosion and different hues can be achieved depending on its quality. To accomplish the silver inlay Odong techniques, a Hanji saturated with thirty day old urine is wrapped around a hilt and sheath material, then it is left at warm room temperature for two to three hours. The Odong's surface will turn black when silver inlay remains unchanged. Various scientific analysis were conducted to study composition of recreated Odong panel, silver soldering, silver plate and the colouring agent on Odong's surface. The recreated Odong had average out at Cu 95.57 wt% Au 4.16wt% and Cu 98.04 wt% Au 1.95wt%, when documented ratio in the old record is Cu 95wt% and Au 5wt%. The recreated Odong was prone to surface breakage during manufacturing process unlike material made with composition ratio written in the old record. On the silver plate of the silver and Odong laminate, 100wt% Ag was detected and between the two layers Cu, Ag and Au were detected. This proves that the adhesion between the two layers was successfully achieved. The silver soldering had varied composition of Ag depending on the location. This shows uneven composition of the silver welding. A large quantities of S, that was not initially present, was detected on the surface of the black Odong. This indicates that presence of S has influence on Odong colour. Additional study on the chromaticity, additional chemical compounds and its restoration are needed for the further understanding of the origin of Odong colour. The result of Odong alloy testing and recreation, Odong silver inlay long sword production, scientific analysis of the Odong black colouring agent will form an important foundation of knowledge for conservation of Odong artifact.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2000

Conservation Science Lab. of the National Museum of Korea recovered Bamboo-plated inkstone case which is used for keeping inkstick, inkstone and inkstone water container by using traditional lacquering and wooden art technology. Texture and construction method of wood, ingredients for lacquering and the method, and the design were analyzed in order to restore the original manufacturing method. Especially, perfect restoration of partially damaged lacquer surface is the most important aspect in restoring Bamboo plated inkstone case, therefore focus was put on investigation of surface lacquering. First, lacquering surface sample was taken off from the object and processed into flake and observed with transmission microscope in order to investigate lacquering method and the pigment in the lacquering surface was analyzed with XRD and SEM-EDS. The result showed that the object was decorated with thin-layered bamboo in the surface which is made of Royal paulownio. and lacquered several times with the mixture of Hematite(Fe₂O₃) and Cinnabar(HgS) in the remaining part.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.71-87
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• 2010

The purpose of the study is analyzing Japanese modern costume, through examining legislation process and the relics of Chickimkwan's and Juimkwan's court costume. The results of the study are as follows. First, the proposer of civil court costume, established in 1872, was Iwakura Mission dispatched to America and Europe. The Mission realized the importance of preparing western-style costume in civilization from experience wearing traditional clothing at ceremony of presenting credentials in America. Afterwards, the Mission proposed that the government accept western-style as civil court costume and became first wearers in Japanese in England. Second, the difference, between ordinance and actual clothes worn by Iwakura Mission, occurred in process of legislation in 1872. That might be considered as trial and error in introducing different culture. The coexistence of England and French styles was unified into French style by the revision of civil court costume in 1886. Third, the pattern of paulownia embroidered on civil court costume was utilized as symbol of Japan. While the costume of Chickimkwan was embroidered by the pattern of 7 and 5 leaves paulownia, that of Juimkwan was 5 and 3 leaves expressing their grades. Fourth, relics research showed how formed manufacturer information and enacted design were in embroidery. The relics seemed to be manufactured in Japan, because emblem of Mitsukosi tailor was embroidered on inner part of the back of collar of Chickimkwan in Nara Women's University, Japan and that of Yamasaki on left inner pocket of Juimkwan in the Independence Hall, Korea. The embroider techniques comprised forming by filler particles according to the design, filling up coiled gold threads and expressing stem with gold threads and spangles. As preemptive study, establishment process of Japanese civil court costume in this study will help understand form characteristics appeared in civil court costume act of Korean Empire.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.417-427
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• 2010

This study is to examine the manufacturing technique based on scientific investigation and analysis on Steel-Plated Jewel Beetle's Adornment gilt-bronze openwork remains excavated from No. 100 site at Hwango-dong Gyeongju. As a result of the investigation on the manufacturing revealed that riveting was adopted to connect gilt-bronze openwork plates and steel plates, followed by mercury amalgam plating method and carving of the patterns by means of the dotted line engraving technique. There were some traces on the surface of Jewel Beetle wings that show the use of pins for fixing, which seems to be the result of recycling or processing. The sectional analysis shows the high possibilities that varnishing with lacquer was adopted for wing adhesion, and it was confirmed that varnishing with lacquer was used on the strap pendant plate to prevent corrosion.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.92-107
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• 2018

In 2013~2016, gilt-bronze shoes were excavated from the ancient tombs in Jeongchon Village located at Bogam-ri, Dasi-myeon in Naju. They are estimated to have been made in the late 5th or early 6th centuries. The gilt-bronze shoes are significant in that they serve to explicate the relationship between the center of Baekje and the local forces in the Yeongsan River Basin. This study's specific focus was the gilt-bronze shoes from the ancient tombs in Jeongchon Village. Based on the findings, a restoration drawing was designed and restored products were manufactured by considering metalwork techniques used to manufacture the original ones. At first, manufacturing techniques were tested by using a scientific analysis and visual observation. The manufacturing method, structures, and patterns of the gilt-bronze shoes were closely examined. Then, a design drawing of gilt-bronze shoes was created through field measurement and they were recreated on the basis of the analysis. The original form of the restored products were manufactured through cutting out the outward form, bore carving, engraving, molding, plating, and an assembly process. In the restoration process, this study examined the formal characteristics of gilt-bronze shoes, manufacturing techniques, and archetypes during Baekje's late Hanseong era. Products restored from this study are expected to be used as achievements for more easily understanding the culture of Baekje.