• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.182-184
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• 2001

This paper presents the application draft of system frequency and reserve criteria for Korean Wholesale Electricity Market. This application draft of system frequency and reserve criteria is based on frequecy, voltage control rules and technical rules for ancillary services agreements prepared by KEMA and the present conditions of KEPCO system operations and future directions.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.199-204
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• 2005

In an electricity market with an imperfect competition, participants make plans of bidding and transaction strategies to maximize their own profits. The market price and the quantity are concerned with the operation reserve as well as the bidding system and demand curves in an electricity market. This paper presents a market model combined by an energy market and an operating reserve market. The competition of the generation producers in the combined market is formulated as a gaming of selecting bid parameters such as intersections and slopes in bid functions. The Nash Equilibrium(NE) is analyzed by using a hi-level optimization; maximization of Social Welfare(SW) and maximization of the producers' profits.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11b
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• pp.272-274
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• 2004

양방향입찰시장(TWBP)의 도입을 위해서는 이를 위한 시장설계 및 효율적인 시장운영을 위한 다양한 분석 작업들이 요구되고 있다. 특히 시장설계의 경우, 해외 자문회사와의 협력을 통해 경쟁적 전력시장을 이미 도입하여 운영하고 있는 해외 국가들의 사례들을 포함한 많은 시장운영 기법들이 검토되고 있으며 향후 도입될 TWBP 전력시장에 적합한 방안들을 준비하고 있다. 전력을 전력시장운영규칙이 정하는 바에 따라 전력시장을 통해서만 거래하도록 규정하고 있는 우리나라의 경우, 전력시장운영규칙은 전력시장과 전력계통의 운영에 대한 모든 것을 다루게 되는 만큼 이에 대한 합리적인 설계와 적용은 효율적인 TWBP 전력시장의 기본 틀이라고 할 수 있다. 양방향입찰시장에서의 가격결정은 전력수급과 시장가격 안정화를 위해 매우 중요한 사안이다. 또한 현재 CBP시장과 다른 용량요금(CP)제도의 폐지와 기타 공급예비력확보 제도 등 도매시장설계에 있어 중요한 자료를 제공한다. 양방향입찰시장하에서 가격수준 분석을 통해 시장개설 이전에 문제점을 사전에 검토하여 문제점을 개선하고 시장규칙에 반영하여야 한다. 또한 용량요금 폐지에 따른 보완대책을 수립하여 수급불안정을 방지하고 전력시장 안정화와 성공적인 도매경쟁시장 개설을 위해 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 CBP 시장과 TWBP 시장에서의 기본적 가격예측을 위한 구조적 모델링과 일부 시나리오에 대한 결과를 소개하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.534-535
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• 2008

2001년 4월 이후 기저발전기의 정산제도가 지속적으로 개선되어 왔다. 소비자 요금이 규제받는 상황에서 소매부문과 발전부문의 수지균형을 기저발전기에 규제가격을 적용하여 해결하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 설비예비력 확보 메커니즘의 경제적 이론을 고찰하고 현 전력시장의 전원별 투자시그널에 대해 분석하였다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2016

ESS(Energy Storage System) is an important source that keeps power supply stable and utilizes electricity efficiently. For example, ESS contributes to resolve power supply imbalance, stabilize new renewable energy output and regulate frequency. ESS is predicted to be expanded to 55.9GWh of installed capacity by 2023, which is 30 times more than that of 2014. To raise competitiveness of domestic ESS industry in this increasing world market, we have disseminated load-shift ESS for continuous power supply imbalance with FR ESS, and also necessity to secure domestic track record is required. However in case of FR ESS, utility of installing thermal power plant is generally generated within 5% range of rated capacity, so that scalability of domestic market is low without dramatic increase of thermal power plant. Necessity of load-shift ESS dissemination is also decreasing effected by surplus backup power securement policy, raising demand for new dissemination model. New dissemination model is promising for $CO_2$ reduction effect in spite of intermittent output. By stabilizing new renewable energy output in connection with new renewable energy, and regulating system input timing of new renewable energy generation rate, it is prospected model for 'post-2020' regime and energy industry. This research presents a policy alternatives of REC multiplier calculation method to induce investment after outlining PV-connected ESS charge/discharge mode to reduce GHG emission, This alternative is projected to utilize GHG emission reduction methodology for 'Post-2020' regime, big issue of new energy policy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.266-273
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• 2010

In terms of worldwide rapid change in medical world, the purpose of this study is to investigate perception and attitude of students in dental hygienics concerning the opening of domestic medical market to overseas, so that it can prepare a chance to correctly identify positive and negative aspects of such change in medical market. For questions about effects of opening domestic medical market to overseas as well as pros and contras about it, it was found that there were significant differences in 'improved level of medical technology', 'reduced national medical expenses', 'extended supply of medical facilities' and 'facilitated medicine and medical equipment industry.'(p<0.00). For a question about perception of potential crisis from opening of domestic medical market to overseas, it was found that 55.6% of pro group had no mind of such crisis, whereas 52.3% of contra group had such a mind of crisis. Both cases showed significant differences on a statistical basis (p<0.003). It is recommended that follow-up studies should make a comparative analysis involving students in public health as well as dental hygienics so as to explore even possible ways to take measures for opening of domestic medical market to overseas.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.161-176
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• 2015

The significance of upgrading current certification service for customer center manager and counsellor in Korea Call Center Information Research Center-affiliated Call Center College is dramatically increasing due to steady applicants for the last few years, while there is a need to expand the numbers of applicants with a new channel. This paper has suggested the directions for developing IBT system to hold a dominant position in the certification business industry. Providing IBT channel, mainly base upon internet and utilizing various IT infra for the PCCM (Preliminary Customer Center Manager)/CCCM (Certified Customer Center Manager), will increase the convenience of taking qualification exams for customer center managers and improve competitiveness in qualification certification business industry. Specifically, this study reviews overview of industry trends of domestic and overseas, success cases of test services, service model and methods of on-line test, and short and long term analysis of the domestic and overseas markets.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.83-93
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• 2021

This study is to verify the components of social entrepreneurship, market orientation and the causal relationship by examining the impact of each factor on the performance of social enterprises. The survey was conducted on certified social enterprises and the sample of 142 copies was demonstrated with SPSS 22.0. The analysis of the impact on the economic and social performance of social enterprises is as follows. First, the social value orientation and risk sensitivity showed significant results indicating that the social enterprise had a significant impact in part on the economic performance. The social value orientation of the spirit of social entrepreneurs showed significant results on the social performance. Second, market orientation has been shown to have a significant positive influence on both the economic and social performance. This study empirically assessed the impact of Social Entrepreneurship and Market Orientation on the Social and Economic Performance the re-recognition of the importance of social enterprise requires. Next, more active research on market orientation is required in the future in order to strengthen the competitiveness of social enterprises.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.189-191
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• 2006

전력시장의 도입과 함께 그동안 전력사업자가 자체적으로 운용하였던 계통보조서비스를 이제는 각 발전사에게 할당하여 공급하는 체계가 됨에 따라 이에 대한 적절한 보상이 주요 이슈화 되고 있다. 헌재 주파수제어나 예비력확보 등은 보상되고 있지만 무효전력 조정에 대해서는 아직까지 아무런 보상책이 없어 무효전력의 공급을 기피할 가능성이 있다. 그동안 무효전력의 최적비용에 대해서는 최적조류계산이나 한계송전손실계수 산정 등에 의해 각 모선별로 산정하는 방법은 연구되고 있지만 각 발전기의 변동비 측면의 접관은 실재 적용 가능한 현실적인 방법임에도 이에 대한 연구가 적었다. 여기서는 무효전력의 변동비를 산정하기 위해 손실에 따른 부가적 에너지를 구하고, 무효전력 운용 유지보수 비용 및 수명 저하에 따른 비용요소를 고려한다. 이 연구방법의 특징으로는 발전기측의 자료를 사용하여 각 발전기의 무효전력 공급에 따른 변동비를 산정할 수 있어 무효전력 공급에 대한 각 발전기별 보상을 할 수 있는 방법이다.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.202-213
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• 2006

This paper presents a new approach for optimal dispatch of energy and frequency regulation reserve considering contingency in a competitive electricity market. It is necessary to introduce the reserve market with the spot energy market for operating efficiently and obtaining the security of the electricity market. However, the reserve market is closely connected with the energy market since the energy and reserve are produced from the same resources. Thus, it is inevitable to co-optimize the energy and ancillary service for efficient operation of energy and ancillary service market. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method for optimal dispatch of energy and frequency regulation reserve considering n-1 contingency of generator and transmission line using constraints and sensitivity based on AC power flow To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the numerical studies have been performed for 5-bus sample system and modified IEEE 14-bus system.