• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.197-200
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• 2007

This study was carried out to assess anticariogenic activity from natural products. The hexane extracts of 11 medicinal plants were tested for the antimicrobial activities against a cariogenic bacterium, S. sobrinus B13. The hexane extracts of 11 medicinal plants such as Alisma orientale, Cyperus rotundus, Saussurea lappa, Atractylodes japonica, Kalopanax pictus, Angelica gigas, Salvia miltorrhiza, Lonicera japonica, Gardenia jasmoides, Aurantii nobilis percarpium and Bupleurum lorgiradiatum were used for this study, and S. sobrinus B13 was cultured with 0.5% extracts of the medicinal plants, in trypticase soy broth medium under 5% $CO_2$ for 0, 6, 12, 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$. The obtained results were as follows. Immediately after culturing for inoculation, Kalopanax pictus and Cyperus rotundus showed better antimicrobial activities than those of others. After culturing for 6 hours, the order of effective antimicrobial activity was Salvia miltorrhiza, Angelica gigas. After incubation for 12 hours, Salvia miltorrhiza showed the best antimicrobial activity. After incubation for 24 hours Salvia miltorrhiza, Cyperus rotundus, Saussurea lappa, Atractylodes japonica had better antimicrobial activity than others. In conclusion, among Hexane extracts of 11 medicinal plants, Cyperus rotundus, Saussurea lappa, Atractylodes japonica showed effective antimicrobial activity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 2014

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a plant pathogenic fungus, can cause serious yield and quality losses in the winter lettuce field. For biological control of S. sclerotiorum, soil-born microorganisms that inhibit the mycelia growth of S. sclerotiorum and Fusarium oxysporum were isolated from diseased soil. Among the isolates, bacterial isolate, GG95, which was identified as Bacillus subtilis according to the morphological, physiological characteristics and by 16S rRNA similarity, showed the highest level of inhibitory activity. The growth conditions for B. subtilis GG95 were optimized in TSB media (pH 7) by culturing at $28^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs. Maltose or fructose and peptone were selected as the best carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Greenhouse experiment was performed to test effectiveness of B. subtilis GG95 in the control sclerotinia rot. Drench application ($1{\times}10^8cfu/mL$, 3 times) of the bacterial culture broth to lettuce showed an effectiveness value of 88%, suggesting that B. subtilis GG95 would be a promising biocontrol agent for control of sclerotinia rot.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.205-213
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• 1998

In order to find out the status of routine-immunization in a rural area, this study was performed, through analyzing the data which was obtained from the immunization register of infants who was born at Su-Dong myun in 1996 and 1997, managed by Su-dong Myun health subcenter. The results are as follows. 1. B.C.G immunization rate was the highest such as 52.2% within 1 month and next order such 34.8% at 2 month in 1996. In 1997, the highest such as 73.8%, almost all, within 1 month. 2. D.P.T immunization rate in 1996 showed, almost all, the highest at 3 month(79.4%) for 1st dose and at 5 month(78.4%) for 2nd dose. However, the rate for 3rd dose showed the highest at 7 month(51.4%), and next order at 8 month(35.1%) and at 6 month(13.5%). D.P.T immunization rate in 1997, similarly showed the highest at 3 month(81.8%) for 1st dose, at 5 month(71.2%) for 2nd dose and at 7 month(71.4%) for 3rd dose. 3. Hepatitis B immunization rate showed the highest at birth at once or within one week(87.0%) for 1st dose in 1996 and (94.7%) in 1997. The rate for 2nd dose showed the highest at 2 month(51.7%) in 1996 and (50.0%) in 1997, and next order at 1 month(44.8%) in 1996 and (34.4%) in 1997. The rate for 3rd dose showed the highest at 3 month(54.8%) in 1996 and 5 month(54.8%) in 1997, and next order at 5 month(25.8%) in 1996 and at 3 month(26.0%) in 1997. 4. Measles immunization rate was 76.1% in 1996. The rate(76.1%) by the kind of vaccine was the highest with measles-MMR(34.8%), and with MMR(32.6%) and next order with measles(8.7%). The rate by measles immunization time(month) was the highest such as 35.0% at 9 month and 10 month respectively and the rate by MMR was the highest at 16 month(35.5%), and 15 month(22.5%), 13 month (12.9%) and 14 month(12.9%) in next order.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1188-1194
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• 2017

Gochujang, a traditional Korean food, is fermented by mixing red pepper powder, various grain, meju and salt. Changes in the kind of ingredients and fermentation method could increase health functionalities. In this study, in vivo anti-colitis effects of gochujang prepared with mixed grains, bamboo salt baked 3 times and meju starters on DSS-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice were studied. We prepared gochujang prepared with mixed grains (MG), bamboo salt, and Aspergillus oryzae (A) and Baccillus subtilis (B) mixed starters (MG-AB) and gochujang prepared with MG, bamboo salt and A, B and Lactobacillus plantarum (L) mixed starters (MG-ABL). MG-AB and MG-ABL significantly increased body weight and colon length compared to the control (p<0.05). MG-ABL showed significantly decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in serum compared to the control and MG-AB group (p<0.05). MG-ABL also regulated mRNA and protein levels of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the mice colon tissue (p<0.05). Therefore, MG-ABL exhibited the increased anticolitis effects by inhibiting damage of colon tissue, probably by regulating a pro-inflammatory cytokine of IL-6 and regulated apoptosis related genes. These results indicated that gochujang changed with good ingredients and starters had colitis preventive effects and might be due to active compounds in mixed grain and bamboo salt, and produced by L during the fermentation of gochujang.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2001

Controlling effect of several surfactants on barley powdery mildew (pathogen : Erysiphae graminis) and those influence on fungicidal activity by tank-mixing with commercialized fungicides were investigated in greenhouse test with barley seedlings. While protective activity of PNPP showed 90% at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$, that of LN 13.0 91.2%, tile best among 8 surfactants used in curative test. With $500{\mu}g/mL$, LN 13.0 showed 4% of disease percentage on the first leaf of narley continuously 4 days after the curative application. Excent for PNPP, the other surfactants, including NP 13.0, LN 13.0, and PAS, showed good inhibitory activity against spore germination in water agar medium amended with those surfactants. PAS, which showed very poor effect against barley powdery mildew in greenhouse test, strongly inhibited spore germination. Fungicide of triadimefon and triforine showed no controlling activity against Erysiphae graminis in narley seedlings, but they highly controlled powdery mildew in case of addition with $500{\mu}g/mL$ of LN 13.0 and Tween 20. SP 13.0, NP 13.0, LN 13.0 and DBC showed severe phytotoxicity in first leaf of barley seedlings, but Tween 20, SLIS, PAS, and PNPP not at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2009

Purpose : Yellow fever, a mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic fever, is one of the most lethal diseases. Recently there have been an increasing number of Korean children who have travelled to yellow fever endemic zones and were administered yellow fever vaccine (YFV). Therefore, we carried out this study to provide child travelers with safety information of YFV. Methods : This study was conducted at the International Clinic of National Medical Center in Seoul between April 2007 and June 2008 for the evaluation of adverse events of YFV. One hundred twenty-five children received YFV (17-DD) and were prospectively monitored for adverse events through telephone interviews on day 3, 6, 9, 16, 23 and 30 after vaccination. Results : Adverse events were observed in 31 (24.8%) of 125 child travelers who received the YFV. The mean age was 12.5${\pm}$5.0 years. Sixty-six of the child travelers (52.8%) were males. The common adverse events were pain in 11 (8.8%), swelling in 8 (6.4%) and redness in 7 children (5.6%) at the injection site. The systemic adverse events included mild fever in 5 (4.0%), headache in 5 (4.0%), cough in 4 (3.2%), abdominal pain in 3 (2.4%), and vomiting in 2 children (1.6%). Most of the adverse events were detected within 7 days of administration and there were no differences in adverse events by gender or age. All travelers who had complained of symptoms improved spontaneously or following symptomatic treatment. Conclusion : This study showed that YFV is well-tolerated and there were no reports of severe adverse events. Studies are ongoing to clarify the cause and risk factors for rare adverse events.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1319-1325
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• 2000

Antimicrobial effects of the specific IgY separated from eggs which were laid by hens vaccinated with Streptococcus mutans were investigated. The comparison tests of vaccination, addition levels of crude specific IgY, and innoculation concentration were applied by microscopic observation and turbidity test. Ten% addition of crude specific IgY obtained from vaccinated hens showed agglomerative clusters of S. mutans cells in supernatants and sediments, while crude IgY produced by non-vaccinated hens showed no cluster. IgY addition above 5% showed agglutinating clusters of most S. mutans cells and there was definite difference between IgY addition below 2.5% and above 5%. Concentration tests of crude IgY revealed that antimicrobial effects were differentiated by addition level and addition over 10% produced satisfactory results with turbidity test. The cluster size was dependent upon concentration of crude IgY addition. $10^5\;cfu/mL$ inoculation showed agglutinated cells and extent of agglomeration was proportional to cell numbers. Study of inoculation levels showed that 10% addition of crude IgY decreased turbidity effectively regardless of number of S. mutans cells. Plaque formation decreased to 75% with 15% addition of specific IgY concentration. These results implied that IgY separated from eggs laid by S. mutans-vaccinated hens might prevent dental caries caused by S. mutans.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.132-140
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• 2018

Purpose: The number of dengue fever cases is rising due to increasing overseas travel. Vaccination makes severe dengue fever in seronegative individuals after vaccination when they exposure to wild-type dengue virus. We investigated the seroepidemiology of the dengue virus for monitoring of Korean dengue virus immunity and establishing the prevention of dengue infection. Methods: The study was based on 446 residual sera collected from 98 infants (2 months to 1 year old), 152 adolescents (13 to 19 years old), 90 adults (20 to 50 years old), and 106 elderly participants (more than 65 years old) for other studies. Antibody levels for dengue virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) in each age group were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For each dengue virus IgG positive or equivocal result, an IgG ELISA was performed for Japanese encephalitis virus. Results: Of the 446 serum samples, only 1 (0.2%) adolescent had a positive result from the dengue IgG antibody test. In the dengue virus IgG antibody test, 14 (3.1%) samples showed equivocal results (10 adolescents and 4 elderly). In the 1 positive case of dengue virus IgG, the Japanese encephalitis IgG test was also positive. In the 14 equivocal cases of dengue virus IgG, there were 6 positive, 3 equivocal, and 5 negative of Japanese encephalitis IgG. Conclusions: The seroprevalence rate of dengue virus was very low in Koreans. This study provides important data for establishing the policy for preventive measures of dengue fever. It will be necessary to continuously monitor for dengue virus immunity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.319-328
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• 2021

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most destructive viruses worldwide, which causes severe damage to economically important crops, such as pepper and tomato. In this study, we examined the molecular and biological characterization of a TSWV isolate (SW-TO2) infecting tomato and compared it to the recently reported isolates from boxthorn, butterbur, and angelica plants. The phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequences confirmed that SW-TO2 was clustered with those of isolates from boxthorn and pepper in Korea with the maximum nucleotide identities ranging from 98% to 99%. We developed the bioassay method for screening TSWV resistance and tested some commercial pepper and tomato cultivars for resistance evaluation of four isolates of TSWV. TSWV resistance was evaluated as TSWV resistance when all the following three conditions were satisfied: first, when symptoms of necrotic spots or no symptoms were present in the inoculated leaves; second, when there were no symptoms in the upper leaves; and third, when the upper leaves were negative as a result of RT-PCR diagnosis.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.84-90
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• 2021

In June 2019, Angelica acutiloba plants showing virus-like symptoms such as chlorotic local lesion and mosaic on the leaves were found in a greenhouse in Nonsan, South Korea. To identify the causal virus, we collected 6 symptomatic A. acutiloba leaf samples and performed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis using specific detection primers for three reported viruses including tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). RT-PCR results showed that five symptomatic samples were positive for TSWV. Mechanical sap inoculation of one of the collected TSWV isolate (TSWV-NS-AG28) induced yellowing, chlorosis and mosaic symptoms in A. acutiloba and necrotic local lesions and mosaic in Solanaceae species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequences showed that TSWV-NS-AG28 had a maximum nucleotide identity with TSWVNS-BB20 isolated from butterbur in Nonsan, South Korea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TSWV infection in A. acutiloba.