• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2007

Environmental contamination becomes a great public concern as our society gets industrialized rapidly. The present study examine the role of chitosan in a effort to intervene the environmental pollutant-induced toxicity. PCB-induced neurotoxicity with respect to the PKC signaling was examined. Since the developing neuron is particularly sensitive to PCB-induced neurotoxicity, we isolated cerebellar granule cells derived from 7-day old SD rats and grew cells in culture for additional 7 days to mimic PND-14 conditions. PCB showed the alteration of PKC signaling pathway. The alteration was structure-dependent. Mono-ortho-substituted congeners at a high dose showed a significant increase of total PKC activity at [$^3H$]PDBu binding assay, indicating that mono-ortho-substituted congeners are more neuroactive than non-ortho-substituted congeners in neuronal cells. PKC isoforms were immunoblotted with respective monoclonal antibodies. PKC-beta II and -epsilon were activated with mono-ortho-substituted congeners exposure. The result suggests that the position with ortho has a higher potential of altering the signaling pathway. Alteration of PKC was blocked with treatment of high molecular weight of chitosan. The study demonstrated that the ortho position in PCBs are important in assessing the structure-activity relationship. The results suggest a potential use of marine bioactive materials as a means of nutritional intervention to prevent the harmful effects of pollutant-derived toxicity.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.696-702
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral health education with Q-scan for preschool children. The 59 children were divided into two groups, one with Q-scan and the other with dentiform, and they were evaluated by interview questionnaire and measurement of dental plaque index using Quigley-Hein index. Using SPSS ver. 18.0 for statistical analysis, paired t-test and Independent t-test were carried out for dental plaque index change and chi-square independence test for change between before and after oral health education. The result of this study revealed that the dental plaque index of the children showed significant decrease of 12% more in the experimental group (p<0.001). Both groups showed significant difference in knowledge about fluorine (p<0.05) and the percentage of correct answers showed significant increase in questions about bad food for teeth (p<0.05). In attitude toward oral health, the experimental group showed significant difference in every variable (p<0.05), and the control group showed significant difference in regular oral examination and frequency of toothbrushing (p<0.05). The experimental group showed significant result (p<0.05) with increase in the percentage of correct answers for the question about how to hold a toothbrush and decrease in the percentage of correct answers for the question about how to apply toothpaste, while the control group did not show significant difference in any variable. Therefore, Q-scan as an appropriate tool for motivation, provides effective educational methods in oral health education.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.46-58
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• 2013

Calcium intake has been insufficient in all age groups in previous Korean national surveys. This study was conducted to investigate calcium intake in Korean and American populations at different ages. We analyzed two national survey data: the 2007~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the 2007~2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Statistically, survey procedures were applied using the weight, cluster, and strata variables. The mean calcium intake of Koreans at ages of 1~2 y, 3~5 y, 6~11 y, 12~18 y, 19~64 y, and 65+y was lower than American populations at those ages. The sufficient proportions based on Korean Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of 1~2 y, 3~5 y, 6~11 y, 12~18 y, 19~64 y, and 65+y in Koreans were 45.5%, 33.1%, 24.3%, 16.6%, 32.7%, and 19.0%. While the sufficient rates based on American EAR of 1~3 y, 4~8 y, 9~13 y, 14~18 y, 19~30 y, 31~50 y, 51~70 y, and 71+y in US population were 88.5%, 54.4%, 35.2%, 35.8%, 55.3%, 55.2%, 40.6%, and 24.5%. Overall, the major foods contributing to calcium intakes in Koreans were milk, baechukimchi, and anchovies, whereas, milk products, pasta, or bread were major contributions to calcium in American populations. The calcium supplement intakes in the American population were 5.5 mg (1~2 y), 15.5 mg (3~5 y), 13.9 mg (6~11 y), 35.7 mg (12~18 y), 150.3 mg (19~64 y) and 334.4 mg (${\geq}65$ y). These results suggest that Korean adolescents and older adults are the most insufficient in dietary calcium intakes among Koreans. In order to accurately estimate calcium intakes in Korean populations, calcium supplements and calcium-fortified foods should be considered.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the vitamin D status and to determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and consumption frequencies of vitamin D rich foods in Korean adults and older adults. Methods: Subjects were 10,374 adults and 2,792 older adults participating in the 2008-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Consumption frequencies of vitamin D rich foods were estimated by using a qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Eleven food items such as beef, egg, mackerel, tuna, yellow corvina, pollack, anchovy, mushroom, milk, yogurt, and ice cream were selected as vitamin D rich foods based on previous research. Results: The proportions of deficiency (< 12 ng/mL), inadequacy (12-20 ng/mL) and sufficiency (${\geq}20ng/mL$) of serum 25(OH)D concentrations from June to November and December to May in adults were 8.8%, 42.3%, 48.8%, and 28.2%, 52.8%, 19.1%, respectively. The proportions of deficiency, inadequacy and sufficiency of serum 25(OH)D concentrations from June to November and December to May in older adults were 10.1%, 32.4%, 57.5%, and 24.1%, 45.4%, 30.5%, respectively. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations in adults were positively related to the consumption frequencies of mackerel, anchovy, all fish, milk and milk dairy products. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations in older adults were positively related to the consumption frequencies of yellow corvina and negatively related to the consumption frequencies of ice cream. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Korean adults were more deficient in serum 25(OH)D concentrations than older adults. The consumption of vitamin D rich foods may affect vitamin D status in Korean adults. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.175-199
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• 2017

Children's literature has a significant impact on children's intelligence and emotional development. The interest in children's literature is increasingly growing with the expectation of the award winning books and the educational values of children's books. Although the interest has brought about a quantitative increase in the domestic children's books, it has difficulty selecting high-quality children's books among various books. In such an environment, the Children's Literature Award will provide an authoritative source of choice, which will help guide the selection of quality books to those who want to read children's books. In addition to this trend, the library should check the status of winning works and incorporate them into new collection development policies. The purpose of this study is to present the direction of the library book development policy of the public library. For this purpose, 10 public libraries in Seoul, Korea were selected and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively through the collection status of the children's literature winning books, loan status, turnover, Bonn's use Factor, and Trueswell's 80/20 rule. Based on the results of this analysis, we would like to suggest some issues to be reflected in library development policy of the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.245-266
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• 2021

In this study, in order to practice the social inclusion of libraries, the related policies currently announced in the 3rd Comprehensive Library Development Plan were examined, and the current status of tasks promoted by central administrative agencies and metropolitan and provincial libraries was examined based on these policies. As a result, first, in terms of active information welfare realization, various programs and services are being implemented to bridge the knowledge and information gap, but it seems that the scope of the target should be expanded in the future, cooperation with related organizations, and infrastructure improvement. Second, in terms of expanding the openness of the space, the expansion of the open space as an open space and the application of universal design are being performed. In the future, it seems that the scope of universal design application should be expanded in consideration of budget investment for continuous space reconstruction and diversity of users. Third, in terms of linking services across boundaries, services and programs are provided to infants and toddlers, children, women, the elderly, the underprivileged, job seekers, and multicultural families. In the future, it seems that the improvement of the service system for the expansion of inclusive services in libraries should precede, and cooperation between related ministries should be made to provide differentiated services. Finally, it is expected that future policy-making tasks for social inclusion should be considered not only for books, programs, and spaces, but also for librarians' education, establishment of cooperative networks with related organizations, and marketing for services and programs.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare sensory processing ability by smartphone addiction levels in preschool children, and to investigate the correlation between smartphone addiction level and sensory processing ability within smartphone addiction group. Method : The subjects of this study were 324 persons, with 124 persons in the addiction group and 200 in the normal user group. Measurements in this study were a questionnaire about general characteristics of subject, smartphone addiction scale, and short sensory profile. Methods for the data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation analysis of SPSS 22.0. Results : There was a significant difference in the total Short Sensory Profile (SSP) score and in all sub-domains between the addiction and normal use groups (p<0.05). In the smartphone addiction group, there was a negative correlation between the SSP total score (r=-.278), auditory filtering (r=-.293), visual/auditory sensitivity (r=-.393) and smartphone addiction level. Conclusion : This study confirmed that there was a difference in smartphone addiction and sensory processing ability between the preschool children addiction and normal use groups. It has been proven that there is an interrelationship between sensory processing ability and smartphone addiction in the addiction group. It is significant in that it provides basic data to prevent smartphone addiction.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.322-327
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• 2010

Wheat is widely used in food industry because of its low price, convenience, protein-rich resource, easy processibility, and so on. However, people who have wheat-gluten allergy need gluten-free products. Especially, gluten-free products are desirable to early childhood even though they may or may not be sensitive to wheat-gluten. As the alternative of wheat flour, recently, rice flour is gaining popularity. Hence, we developed the puffed rice snack for the baby. In order to prepare for rice extrudate, 1 kg rice flour, 450 g water, and 6 g salt were mixed together and then steamed for 1 hr. The rice extrudate was shredded into pieces (0.5 cm${\times}$0.5 cm) and dried up to 4.5% moisture content. The dried rice shreds were puffed at $257^{\circ}C$ in a puffing machine. The puffed rice snack was oval-shaped having thickness of 0.5 cm, white in color with brown flakes. Appearance and texture of the puffed rice snacks were evaluated by the measurement of the texture, isothermal water absorption, expansion, and the color. Puffed rice was more porous, because rice increased up to about two times larger than its original volume. Texture of the rice puffing snack was suitable for early childhood. Rice puffing snack showed potentials including soft, low-allergenic, and easily digestible properties. It is concluded that rice puffing snack has potential in the food markets for early childhood.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.47-57
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore how college students aware of the 4th industrial revolution and prepare to adjust it. The subjects of the study were 317 college students in Busan city and analyzed by gender, major and grades. Results are as follows. First, students who are male, higher grade and major in engineering area showed greater recognition compared to students who are female, lower grade and studying other areas for the new era. Also for big changes of the era most students agreed with convenience of life but decrease of job opportunities. Second, most students showed nothing special work yet but students in engineering area make an effort to foster their competence. Third, most students had lower, below average level of competence that are required in the new era. Fourth, the difficulties students encounter are lack of educational opportunities and financial problem. Male students responded lack of time and laboratory work and female students are lack of concerns. The study suggests that colleges should provide various method such as regular and irregular and extra curriculum to enhance students creativity and competence for the new era.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.101-116
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide basic data on physical activity management plans for different developmental levels in infants. This study analyses the difference between support requests and the professional practical of evaluations, content selection, and physical activity management plans displayed by teachers of one and two-year-old infants. Methods: The subjects of the study were 221 teachers from child care centers throughout J-do to whom a questionnaire containing 51 questions was distributed. Collected data was verified with a chi-squared test and an independent samples t-test. Results: First, among variables of professional practical of physical activities, some factors including class size, class planners and leaders, the number of outdoor classes per week and requisite time, parts of related education plans, parts of content selection for physical activities, and parts of the evaluation of physical activities showed significant differences depending on the class. Second, among variables of support requests when implementing physical activities, some factors including methods of preparing physical activity plans, teaching -learning methods, evaluation methods, body expression activity programs, and parts of physical exercise in the standardized child care curriculum of refresher and extension courses showed significant differences depending on the class. Conclusion/Implications: This study discusses the effective management of refresher and extension courses as a way to improve physical activity management plans and teachers' support requests for infants aged 1 to 2.