• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2015

This study investigated longitudinally early vocalization and phonological developments of typically developing children. Ten typically developing children participated in the study from 9 months to 18 months of age. Spontaneous utterance samples were collected at 9, 12, 15, 18 months of age and phonetically transcribed and analyzed. Utterance samples were classified into 5 levels using Stark Assessment of Early Vocal Development-Revised(SAEVD-R). The data analysis focused on 4 and 5 levels of vocalizations classified by SAEVD-R and word productions. The percentage of each vocalization level, vocalization length, syllable structures, and consonant inventory were obtained. The results showed that the percentages of level 4 and 5 vocalizations and word significantly increased with age and the production of syllable structures containing consonants significantly increased around 12 and 15 months of age. On average, the children produced 4 types of syllable structure and 5.4 consonants at 9 months and they produced 5 types of syllable structure and 9.8 consonants at 18 months. The phonological development patterns in this study were consistent with those analyzed from children's meaningful utterances in previous studies. The results support the perspective on the continuity between babbling and early speech. This study has clinical implications in early identification and speech-language intervention for young children with speech delays or at risk.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.839-845
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to examine the eating habit characteristic and developmental outcomes of young children (ages 24 months through 42 months) as well as their mothers' nutritional attitudes and maternal levels of nutrition knowledge. The study also analyzed relationships among the children's eating habits and developmental outcomes and the mothers' nutritional attitudes and nutrition knowledge levels. The subjects included 164 young children who were enrolled in early childhood education and care settings in Seoul and Gyunggi province. The main results were as follows. There were significant correlations among the young children's eating habits and developmental outcomes, specifically between their attitudes towards meals and fine motor skills, communication, social-emotional aspects, and cognitive areas (p<0.01). In addition, there were significant correlations among the young children's eating habits, the mothers' nutritional attitudes and their nutrition knowledge levels (p<0.01).

• 아동학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.51-69
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• 2011

This study examined how young children understand representational relations between referents and their representational objects. Ninety-four children aged 2- to 4.5-years of age were individually tested; firstly in the scale-model tasks, and then in the scale-map tasks. Data were analyzed both by means of Chi-Square test and by a more descriptive, micro analysis. According to the results, there were significant age differences in the understanding of representational relations, regardless of the type of representational objects. In the descriptive, micro analysis, it was found that before 3 years of age, young children have a great deal of difficulties in understanding representational relations. More importantly, young children under three seemed unable to understand representational relations, especially when the similarities as well as the differences between the representational object and the referent were very high. These results suggest that teachers of very young children need to select representational materials carefully, taking into consideration children's understanding of representational relations.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.262-270
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• 2019

본 연구는 문화와 언어의 장벽으로 인해 발달장애 발생 위험이 높은 다문화가정의 자녀를 위한 발달장애 조기선별 검사지 디자인 개발을 목적으로 한다. 일반적인 발달장애 조기 선별검사지와 달리 다문화가정을 위한 조기 선별 검사지에 대한 연구는 극히 드물며, 특히 다문화가정의 부모와 관련 사회복지사들이 현장에서 겪는 언어적, 문화적 소통의 한계점을 극복할 수 있는 시도는 전무하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전문가 세미나를 통하여 기존의 발달장애 조기 선별검사지 현황과 개발의 필요성을 확인하고, 이해관계자를 대상으로 한 설문조사와 인터뷰를 통해 니즈를 파악한 후 인사이트와 디자인 핵심요소를 도출하였다. 이를 통해 다문화가정 부모가 선호하는 일러스트레이션 스타일과 언어권별 음성지원시스템을 포함한 발달장애 조기 선별검사지를 개발하였다. 리플릿 형식의 검사지는 지역의 다문화센터 및 장애인복지센터에서 다문화가정의 영유아 발달장애 조기 선별에 실질적으로 활용될 예정이다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of treatment when the V{\ddot{o}}jta therapy applied to the infant with central coordination disturbance in early stage. The subject were 10 cases : each one with the V{\ddot{o}}jta therapy applied to the group of the infants before 6 months old and the group of the infants over 6 months old. When the V{\ddot{o}}jta therapy was applied I analized the papper which was written about the infants who were diagnosed as moderate CCD and divided two groups which were the infants before 6 months old and the infants over 6 months old. These collected data were analyzed by using t-test. The results of study were as follow; 1. When I compared the locomotion stage after the V{\ddot{o}}jta therapy. t-test showed significant differences. The group of infants before 6 months old had the result 7 to over stage 7 and the group of infants over 6months old had the result 2(p<.05). 2. When I compared the result of the postural reaction after the V{\ddot{o}}jta therapy, 1-test showed significant differences. The group of infants before 6 months old had 6 cases was normalizes and the group of infants over 6 months old had 1 case was normalized(p<.05). 3. When 1 compared the duration of the V{\ddot{o}}jta therapy between the group of infants before 6 months old and the group of infants over 6 months old. t-test showed significant differences. The group of the infants before 6 months old had 5 cases for 1-6 months and 4 cases for 7-15 months, 3 cases for 16-24 months and the group of infants over 6 months old had 6 cases for 7-15 months and cases for 16-24 months, 1 case for 25-30 months(p<.01).

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.177-190
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• 2002

This study were conducted to assess the physical growth and developmental status of infants in orphanage in order to provide an empirical data. The subjects for this study were 104 infants and toddlers who were reared in an orphanage in D Metropolitan city. The instrument used for this study were anthropometric assessment and DDST for normative data of development. Data has been collected from September 1st, 1998 to August 31st, 2000 and were analyzed using SPSS/PC(Version 10.0) with frequency, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and Chi-square test. The results of this study were as follows; 1. 30.8% of infants in orphanage had abnormal weight, 26.9% had abnormal length, and 22.1% had abnormal head circumference and most of them were distributed below 50 percentile of growth chart. 2. 53.8% of infants in orphanage had normal, 27.9% had qustionable, and 18.3% had abnormal developmental screening test results, especially, 31.5% of infants in orphanage ages 3 to 5 years had abnormal developmental screening test results, according to the Denver Developmental Screening Test(DDST). There was a significant developmental delay noted in the language and fine motor-adaptive sector. 3. It is anticipated that developmental delays would increase in severity by older the mean age of orphanage infants and longer the time being raised in orphanage. It would be concluded that the physical growth and developmental status of orphaned infants were very vulnerable and serious and it is suggested that there needed an effective intervention strategies to promote growth and development of infants in orphanage.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2008

This is an underlying study for expanding child growth and developmental screening program, which had been implemented as a part of maternal child health service in a certain public health center located in P City. This study attempted to develop system model to discover, consult and follow-up developmental disabilities in children in early stage. For the purpose of providing groundwork for further development of screening program, the system model was analyzed and evaluated. One of the focuses of this study was developing practical tool that can aid small number staffs of public health center to handle large number of patients. 9 types of developmental checklist by key month was developed to support understaffed public health center. These checklists were also supplied to other public health centers, greatly improving qualitative and quantitative development of screening project. Also, the 4-step program of operating and managing child growth and developmental screening was proved to be quite effective. Total 632 children were evaluated and 21 of them were suspected to have developmental problem. Among these children, 8 children were determined to receive regular supervision of public health center. Other 13 children were recommended to visit professional institution, but only 7 of them actually visited institution. Four of these children who visited professional institution are currently receiving treatment, while the other 3 children were determined to require close observation. Five times of screening education were provided to the staffs in public health center and personnel in charge of children in every district public center in P City. The purpose of this training was to improve individuals' capability to implement project and to establish basis for expanding child growth and developmental screening program. The participants were guided to have continuous attention for the project, and their knowledge, skill and recognition were greatly improved through educational training. Also, professional child consulting and education, including lecture for baby food and baby food menu exhibition, were given to parents. Through this opportunity, parents acquired higher understanding about baby food while the local residents' recognition for maternal child health service was greatly improved.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was intended to develop the framework of public health center based 'Child growth and developmental clinic' and analyze the efficiency of services. This was the part of Mother-Child Health Guidance Project by the Public Health Center in Seoul. The purposes of this project were to improve children's health and development with early detection of developmental delay by screening test, and to assist and guide the parent for child care and rearing, so that children can reach their maximum potential. Method: Framework and standards for operation of 'Child growth and development clinic' were developed. We selected screening tool. developed parent education materials, and educated the personnel of public health center. Result: 243 children were enrolled for developmental screening, and we detect the children with developmental delay and referred them for further evaluation. The proportion of developmental delayed children was approximately 2% of the enrolled children. Also, we analyzed the characteristics of enrolled children, and their parental needs and attitude on child rearing. Some problems in operation of developmental clinic were discussed. Conclusion: Though we can found some limitations, we are confident that pubic health center can be charge of important role for improving child development for the majority. This study will be the basis of children's developmental clinic running by public health center.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권8호
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• pp.827-833
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• 2008

목 적 : 영유아기에 발생하는 철 결핍성 빈혈은 성장, 발달에 심각한 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 철 결핍을 조기 진단하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 고식적으로 사용되고 있는 혈청 ferritin이나 iron 대신 염증이나 만성질환 등에 영향을 받지 않고 철 결핍 상태를 진단하는데 비용이나 혈액채취량의 부담을 줄일 수 있는 장점이 있는 망상적혈구혈색소량을 다른 철 결핍 지표들과 함께 비교하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 6월부터 2007년 1월까지 을지대학병원 소아과에 급성 감염성 질환으로 입원한 생후 6개월에서 24개월 영유아를 대상으로 하였다. 정맥혈을 채혈하여 ADVIA 120 (Bayer Diagnostics, NY, USA)을 이용하여 Hb, MCV, MCH, CH, CHr, RDW를 검사하였고, 철 상태를 평가하기 위하여 iron, iron binding capacity, ferritin을 측정하였다. 혈색소 11 g/dL, Tfsat 20%를 기준으로 철 결핍성 빈혈군, 철 결핍군, 철 결핍이 없는 군을 나누었다. 결 과 : 총 69명의 영유아 중 철 결핍이 있는 환아가 47명, 이중 17명이 철 결핍성 빈혈군에 해당되었으며 철 결핍이 없는 군이 22명이었다. 빈혈을 포함한 철 결핍이 있는 집단과 철 결핍이 없는 군과는 MCH (P<0.01), CH (P<0.01), RDW (P<0.05) 및 CHr (P<0.01)이 유의하게 차이가 있었지만, ferritin은 두 집단 간에 차이가 없었다(P=0.109). CHr은 철결핍에 유의한 예측변수로 나타났다(LRT=71.25; odds ratio=0.67 [95% 신뢰구간, 0.47-0.97]; P<0.05). 철 결핍군을 빈혈이 있는 집단과 빈혈이 없는 집단과 비교하였을 때 MCV, MCH, CH, RDW가 유의한 차이를 보였다(모두 P<0.05). 또한 CHr, iron, TIBC, ferritin은 두 군간에 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). CHr의 cutoff 27.4 pg을 기준으로 전체 집단을 구분하여 비교하였을 경우에는 Hb, MCH, CH, Tfsat, iron (모두 P<0.05) 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으나 MCV (P=0.188), RDW (P=0.138), ferritin (P=0.730), TIBC (P=0.700)는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : CHr은 일부 기종에 국한되어 제공되는 사항이고 적절한 참고치의 설정이 필요하지만, 6개월에서 24개월령의 유소아에서 철 결핍 상태를 진단하는데 급성염증반응에 영향을 받지 않고, 비용이나 혈액채취량의 부담을 줄일 수 있는 장점이 있어 새로운 지표로 이용이 가능하리라 생각된다.

• 정보보호학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.83-104
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• 1998

인터넷의 급속한 확산과 전세계 통신서비스의 확장으로 인해 세계는 정보의 공유와 다양한 삶의 변화를 가져오고 있다. 교통수단의 발달로 전세계가 일일생활권에 접어들었다면 인터넷과 통신수단의 발전으로 인해 세계는 동일문화권을 형성하고 있다. 주체할 수 없이 수많은 정보와 서비스속에서 사고 있지만, 아직도 좀더 편리하고 안전한 정보의 공유와 윤택한 삶을 영유하기 위한 많은 문제점이 있으며, 이러한 발전 속에서 더 많은 문제점들이 나타나고 있는 것이 현실이다. 또한 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위한 다양한 해결책들이 쏟아져 나오고 있다. 본 고에서는다루게 될 내용은 전체적인 공개키 기반구조를 살펴보고 이를 디지털 위성방송 한정 수신 시스템에 적용한다. 공개키 기반구조에 대해서는 인터넷에서 사용자를 인증하기 위한 X.509 인증서에 대해 살펴보고, 인증서를 이용한 서비스에 대해 살펴본다. 또한 최근 각 나라별 공개키 기반구조 표준안의 진행 상황을 알아보고 IETF PKIX 표준안으로서 공개키 관리 프로토콜, CRL CRL 확장, 인증서, 그리고 인증서 확장에 대해 살펴본다. 곧 실현될 디지털 위성방송의 유료화 서비스는 가입자 인증과 서비스에 대한 접근 통제가 가능해야 한다. 따라서 가입자에 대한 관리부분에 공개키 기반구조를 적용함으로써 가입자에 대한 인증과 서비스 및 접근 통제를 가능하게 한다.