• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.909-920
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• 2009

This study was performed to compare the dietary behaviors of university students in Incheon area by residence types. The population was divided into 4 groups by residence types: family home in Incheon, family home in another area except Incheon, boarding house and, university dormitory. The general subject, health behavior, and dietary behavior of each group were investigated using a one-week questionnaire and the results were as follows. The average height, weight, and BMI were 175.67 cm, 69.8 kg, and 22.61, respectively, for males and 161.84 cm, 51.51 kg, and 19.66, respectively, for females. The most common residence type of the students was the family home in Incheon. Smoking rate of the students living in a boarding house was higher than the other groups. The rate of exercising and consumption of supplements were lower than the other groups. Most of the students frequently skipped breakfast. Boarding and dormitory students missed breakfast more than any of the other groups. The main reason for skipping meals was lack of time. The favorite snack type was confectionery and ice cream. Most of the students had snacks between lunch and dinner or after dinner. The frequency of consuming beans, fruits and, dairy products among 13 food items for boarding and dormitory students were lower than the other groups. The results of this study suggest that nutritional education for university students is needed to improve their dietary behavior and to maintain their health.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.635-642
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• 2003

Reinforcement learning got successful results in a lot of applications such as control and scheduling. Various function approximation methods have been studied in order to improve the learning speed and to solve the shortage of storage in the standard reinforcement learning algorithm of Q-Learning. Most function approximation methods remove some special quality of reinforcement learning and need prior knowledge and preprocessing. Fuzzy Q-Learning needs preprocessing to define fuzzy variables and Local Weighted Regression uses training examples. In this paper, we propose a function approximation method, Fuzzy Q-Map that is based on on-line fuzzy clustering. Fuzzy Q-Map classifies a query state and predicts a suitable action according to the membership degree. We applied the Fuzzy Q-Map, CMAC and LWR to the mountain car problem. Fuzzy Q-Map reached the optimal prediction rate faster than CMAC and the lower prediction rate was seen than LWR that uses training example.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.127-144
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the drinking behavior of university students in Jeju for the safe campus life. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 549 students in 4 universities in Jeju. The data were analyzed by t-test, one way ANOVA, and multiple regression using SPSS Win 19.0 program. The questionnaire instruments consisted of Alcohol Use Disorders of Identification Test-Korea (AUDIT-K) and Life Stress Scale for College Students adapted by Chon. Results: The alcohol consumption rate of participants accounted for 96.2%. The binge drinking rate in female students were 33.9% and that in male students was 29.5%. The result by scoring AUDIT showed that 30.7% of participants were normal drinking group, 36.0% were hazardous drinking group, and 33.3% were estimated alcohol abuse group. The average score of stress was 1.45 by Likert 4 point scale. The female students tended to have more stresses than male. The most important influencing factors on drinking behavior were the first alcohol drinking(${\beta}=-.250$, p< .001), gender(${\beta}=.202$, p< .001), and relationship problem(${\beta}=.116$, p < .05). Conclusion: The drinking rate of university students revealed higher than that in other age groups. So the early systematic education is strongly recommended to prevent the physical and mental side effects.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2021

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the food behavior and vegetable preferences of elementary school students in the metropolitan areas of, South Korea. Five hundred and eighty students (277 male and 303 female) studying in grades 5~6 participated in the survey. We assessed food behavior by evauating the Nutrition Quotient (NQ). Through a questionnaire, which consisted of 20 food behavior checklist items. These items were grouped under five factors: balance, diversity, moderation, practice and environment. All data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. The average NQ score weighted using the five factors was 61.32 points. Among the five factors, moderation showed the lowest score, whereas environment showed the highest score. The average score of the vegetable preference was 3.36 points out of a total of 5 points. The vegetable preference was found to be highest for bean sprouts and followed by tomatoes, lettuce, spinach, Chinese cabbage, sesame leaf, pumpkin, carrot, radish, chives, lotus roots, onions, broccoli, sweet peppers, and eggplant. The results of vegetable preferences by NQ grade were 4.13±0.63 points for the high grade, 3.68±0.75 points for the medium-high grade, 3.41±0.82 points for the medium-low grade, and 2.94±0.78 points for the low grade. There was a significant positive correlation between NQ and vegetable preferences (r=0.477, P<0.001). If vegetables with high preference are frequently provided in school meals, it might contribute to improving overall food behavior.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2022

Oral mucocele is a common exophytic lesion resulting from the accumulation of saliva due to pathological changes in the minor salivary glands. It is typically asymptomatic and painless and characterized by semipermeable, fluctuant nodules. General treatment methods for mucocele include surgical excision, marsupialization, cryosurgery, and steroid injection. This case report presents the treatment of oral mucocele using micro-marsupialization and a tying method as minimally invasive techniques rather than surgical treatment. Based on this case report, it is suggested that micro-marsupialization and the tying method can be used as alternative methods for the treatment of oral mucocele infants and children with behavioral control problems.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.11 no.4 s.27
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• pp.77-91
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to determine what kinds of an effect on dietary behaviors of elementary school students in seoul by gender. So this survey is classified into nutrition knowledge, food habit dietary behaviors. Nutrition knowledge is different from gender, male is scoring 6.90 out of 10 and female is scoring 7.03 out of 10. Food habit is also different from gender, male is scoring 4.17 out of 10 and female is scoring 4.79 out of 10. Dietary behaviors also female is better than male. This result shows that food service should be more highly satisfied with the food service quality than the food service quantity.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2004

Objectives：The effects of repeated maternal separation on the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in the hippocampus of rat pups at preweanling stage were evaluated. Methods：The experimental, Repeated Maternal Separation group(N=4) was separated from the mother for four hours a day over a period of ten days beginning with postnatal day 4. The Control group(N=4), on the other hand, did not separated from the mother at all. GR and COX-2 expression in the hippocampus was examined by immunohistochemistry on postnatal day 14. Results：It was determined that the number of GR-immunopositive cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was significantly increased in the Repeated Maternal Separation group. The numbers of COX-2-immunopositive cells in the CA1 and CA3 were also significantly higher in the Repeated Maternal Separation group. Conclusion：These results suggest that maternal separation may be a significant developmental stress that induces GR and COX-2 expression in the hippocampus of developing pups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.320-332
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• 2003

This study evaluated the effect of the nutrition education about infant feeding on the change of mother's knowledge, attitude and practice of weaning. The subjects consisted of treatment group (n=54) and control group (n=34). The treatment group participated in 6 times nutrition education and 5 times surveys. Nutrition education for weaning of the treatment group improved nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice in infant feeding. Before education, mean scores of control group and treatment group were 7.3 and 7.5 respectively but there was no significant difference. Both group got low score in a statement about weaning period, but they got good score in a statement about weaning method. After education, treatment group got better score(9.1) than control group(8.3) significantly (p<0.05). Treatment group was more desirable than control group specially in a use of Sun-sik, sugar, salt and weaning food mixed with formula after education (p<0.05). Practice of spoon feeding was more frequent in treatment group after education, however, control group used sugar and commercial weaning food more frequently than treatment group(p<0.05). Intake frequency of cow's milk and cookies of infants at age 9-12 month in control group was higher than treatment groups(p<0.01). Thus the nutrition education to mother seems to be effective in achieving desirable dietary behavior of infants.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.1311-1320
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• 2009

Childhood obesity has rapidly increased in Korea during the past 20-30 years. Approximately 1 of 10 children and adolescents is obese. Appropriate prevention and intervention measures urgently need. Obesity prevention starts early in life, i.e., obesity prevention and education begins during the period of fetal development in utero. Behavioral changes are the most positively reflected during pregnancy. Infants should be fed breast milk, and inculcated with healthy eating and behavioral habits during infancy to ultimately establish a healthy lifestyle in children. For achieving a lifestyle and behavior that successfully allow children to overcome obesity, although individual motivation is important, active support of parents and family members is also imperative. Health care providers should also make an effort to actively prevent obesity and take necessary intervention actions. Although the efforts of individuals, family, and healthy care providers are important to prevent the rapid increase in obesity, primary prevention should be encouraged at a higher level. Schools should specifically aim at improving nutrition and physical activity by allocating times for healthy eating, playing, and physical education. Moreover, local communities should provide support by funding for safe recreational environments, such as playgrounds and walking tracks. Public health strategies in community and national policies, such as city planning, food marketing, and advertisements, are required for primary prevention of obesity.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.89-116
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to describe mother -infant interacting behavior patterns related to newborn infant feeding and to explore the mother's cultural belief about their infant. The data collection was conducted by observation and interview. Twenty-five mothers and their newborn infants who were normally delivered and were also planned to breast feed were comprised as the subjects of this study. All subjects were interviewed and observed individuaily at 1 to 5 days after the delivery at the hospital, mid -wife's clinic, Maternal Child Health Center and their home throughout the country from remote area to big city, The observation data were recorded with symbolic letter on a recording sheet newly developed as a result of preliminary study. The interview data were taperecorded and then recorded in narrative form. Mother - infant interaction behaviors in early feeding period were analyzed based on 19 analytic sub-categories and their composing elements. Unit of analysis were mother, infant and mother -infant dyad. 8 analytic categories draw from the data. Each were preparation, instrument, interaction inducing, evaluation referred to mother's behavior, preparation, instrument, interaction inducing referred to infant's behavior and synchronic behaviors referred to mother - infant dyad. Frequencies of behavior items based on the categories were converted to percent. The result showed that in mother's preparation behavior, the breast condition of Korean mother can be an affecting factor for mother - infant interaction during feeding, and vocalization behavior was observed most frequently in interaction inducing behavior while the least frequent behavior observed was contacting. Subcultural characteristics of mother - infant interaction behaviors were analyzed for their relationships between groups of mothers who have lived in remote area vs urban area, and who were multipara vs primipara. Using a chi -square test, there were statistically significant relationships in the activity of psychological readiness in preparation behavior and the movement of extremities for the position of instrumental behavior in both groups. However, interaction inducing behaviors were not related with statistical significance in any set of groups. Accomplishment of marriage, bonding and emotional mediation of family members were the categories related to mother's cultural belief about the infant in aspect of functional values. Infant at birth is considered little more than a biological organism without social capabilities. Although the newborn infant is still be attached to his mother, he makes his mother extend her territoriality. The mother's interacting behavior toward her infant based on those beliefs appeared task oriented, separative behavioral series. On the other hand, it was seen that infant reacted independently to his mother's behavior by the in-nate perceptual abilities. Those independent behavioral series of mother and infant on the feeding situation were synchronized at any moment. Nurses are In a unique position to teach mothers about their infant's capabilities and help reducing some of uncertainty about infant's behaviors. Study results indicated that the informations infant's social capabilities and breast feeding should be given to the mothers. The results of this study have several implications for nursing. First, the study results will be used as fundamental resources for the development of the assessment tool about the early mother - infant interaction. Second, the results could be a relevant information in the fied. I of maternal child nursing education as real and useful data. Third, the behavioral patterns of early mother - infant interaction which were classified based on the qualitative analysis could be used for nursing theory development as very fundamental data.