• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.41
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• pp.45-59
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• 2019

The characters that could be connected to diverse cultural contents have formed diverse platforms with the development of digital technology, and the size of the relevant industry and market is rapidly growing. Recently, the utilization of character emoticons for smartphone messenger has been rapidly increased, so that the characters are settled down as a tool for non-verbal communication, on top of drawing attention as an independent area. With the expansion of character market, the importance of design that could give interest and familiarity to consumers is more emphasized. The body proportion of characters includes the implicative and symbolic meanings that could express diverse personalities. Thus, this study examined the body proportion of the characters with the high consumers' preference, and then analyzed the characteristics of formative elements of character design in accordance with the body proportion. In the results of the analysis, the exaggerated form of SD characters in two or three-head figure, and the realistic Real characters in seven or eight-head figure were preferred. For the SD characters, the colors with a high chroma showing the cute and cheerful image were used. For the Real characters, the cubic effect was expressed through the colors with active images and the light and shade of color. Even though the SD characters have limited motions due to the omitted body parts, the facial movements of animation characters are exaggerated while the Real characters describe the realistic and dynamic motions.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.29
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• pp.279-292
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• 2017

This study was started by recognizing that visual storytelling(VST) is an important factor that determines the success of the work. The goal of this study is to analyze the VST study approaching from the narrative and visual dimension by analyzing the conflict intensity and VST factor. Therefore, in this paper, we analyzed the conflicts of the theater animation(4) that succeeded in the worldwide success and attempted the VST interpretation by approaching it technically. The results and contents of the study are as follows. Firstly, based on the narrative theory of Sung bong-Sun and Robert McKee, we classified the conflict scenes and found the kinds of conflicts. In addition, based on the 5B model, a total of 108 conflict shots were extracted. Secondly, through expert experiment, we found the conflict intensity of conflict shots. Thirdly, the visual elements of fifteen significant conflicts were extracted from internal and super individual conflicts. Fourth, as a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the reliability of the visual elements in the inner and super personal conflicts was in the range of 100-83.33%, and the frequency of usage was found to be widely distributed in 5.88-70.59% and 5-70%. This means that the VST expression, which relied on the sense of the artist, can be engineered. Finally, I expect that it will be the basis of the development of the VST Tool which can predict the conflict expression of the work in the animation pre - production stage successfully.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.409-414
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• 2023

We described how to implement character expressions and animations that play an important role in expressing emotions and personalities in low-polygon character animation. With the development of the video industry, character expressions and mouth-shaped lip-syncing in animation can realize natural movements at a level close to real life. However, for non-experts, it is difficult to use expert-level advanced technology. Therefore, We aimed to present a guide for low-budget low-polygon character animators or non-experts to create mouth-shaped lip-syncing more naturally using accessible and highly usable features. A total of 8 mouth shapes were developed for mouth shape lip-sync animation: 'ㅏ', 'ㅔ', 'ㅣ', 'ㅗ', 'ㅜ', 'ㅡ', 'ㅓ' and a mouth shape that expresses a labial consonant. In the case of facial expression animation, a total of nine animations were produced by adding highly utilized interest, boredom, and pain to the six basic human emotions classified by Paul Ekman: surprise, fear, disgust, anger, happiness, and sadness. This study is meaningful in that it makes it easy to produce natural animation using the features built into the modeling program without using complex technologies or programs.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.123-133
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• 2019

Director Lee Chang-dong saying that the most important thing is to let the audience experience, find its meaning, interpret, and feel the pure sensation (whether it's image, sound or music) that the film has instead of narrative giving you the answers, through the film presenting the pure natural landscape as it is, but all the familiar things that can be taken as a riddle are conveyed in images, and all the elements that make up the film share its presence with each other and let us experience a mysterious weight of reality that cannot be defined through its strange symbolism and metaphors, and it reflects various human emotions, reflecting curiosity of reality, the words that are hardly spoken, meanings of life that we were not being aware of. Rather than having one definitive figure, through the character's personality expressing an imperfect character with a complex ambiguous behavior asks about the things that can't be explained logically and the fact of life that can't be divided into truth or lie. Also, the acting approaches emotionally and primitively rather than using artificial expressions, showing the invisible elements of emotions that are latent inside humans through temperate acting style, leads the audience to distant themselves and reflect more deeply into life. This study analyzed the characters and acting of the film based on director Lee Chang-dong's directing style.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Soybeans are one of the world's top five staple crops and a major source of plant-based protein. Due to their susceptibility to climate change, which can significantly impact grain production, the National Agricultural Science Institute is conducting research on crop phenotypes through growth analysis of various soybean varieties. While the process of capturing growth progression photos of soybeans is automated, the verification, recording, and analysis of growth stages are currently done manually. In this paper, we designed and trained a YOLOv5s model to detect soybean leaf objects from image data of soybean plants and a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) model to judgement the unfolding status of the detected soybean leaves. We combined these two models and implemented an algorithm that distinguishes layers based on the coordinates of detected soybean leaves. As a result, we developed a program that takes time-series data of soybeans as input and performs growth analysis. The program can accurately determine the growth stages of soybeans up to the second or third compound leaves.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.147-157
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• 2013

With the advent of the digital environment that can be accessed anytime, anywhere with the introduction of high-speed network, the free distribution and use of digital content were made possible. Ironically this environment is raising a variety of copyright infringement, and product images used in the online shopping mall are pirated frequently. There are many controversial issues whether shopping mall images are creative works or not. According to Supreme Court's decision in 2001, to ad pictures taken with ham products is simply a clone of the appearance of objects to deliver nothing but the decision was not only creative expression. But for the photographer's losses recognized in the advertising photo shoot takes the typical cost was estimated damages. According to Seoul District Court precedents in 2003, if there are the photographer's personality and creativity in the selection of the subject, the composition of the set, the direction and amount of light control, set the angle of the camera, shutter speed, shutter chance, other shooting methods for capturing, developing and printing process, the works should be protected by copyright law by the Court's sentence. In order to receive copyright protection of the shopping mall images by the law, it is simply not to convey the status of the product, the photographer's personality and creativity can be recognized that it requires effort. Accordingly, the cost of making the mall image increases, and the necessity for copyright protection becomes higher. The product images of the online shopping mall have a very unique configuration unlike the general pictures such as portraits and landscape photos and, therefore, the general image watermarking technique can not satisfy the requirements of the image watermarking. Because background of product images commonly used in shopping malls is white or black, or gray scale (gradient) color, it is difficult to utilize the space to embed a watermark and the area is very sensitive even a slight change. In this paper, the characteristics of images used in shopping malls are analyzed and a watermarking technology which is suitable to the shopping mall images is proposed. The proposed image watermarking technology divide a product image into smaller blocks, and the corresponding blocks are transformed by DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform), and then the watermark information was inserted into images using quantization of DCT coefficients. Because uniform treatment of the DCT coefficients for quantization cause visual blocking artifacts, the proposed algorithm used weighted mask which quantizes finely the coefficients located block boundaries and coarsely the coefficients located center area of the block. This mask improves subjective visual quality as well as the objective quality of the images. In addition, in order to improve the safety of the algorithm, the blocks which is embedded the watermark are randomly selected and the turbo code is used to reduce the BER when extracting the watermark. The PSNR(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) of the shopping mall image watermarked by the proposed algorithm is 40.7~48.5[dB] and BER(Bit Error Rate) after JPEG with QF = 70 is 0. This means the watermarked image is high quality and the algorithm is robust to JPEG compression that is used generally at the online shopping malls. Also, for 40% change in size and 40 degrees of rotation, the BER is 0. In general, the shopping malls are used compressed images with QF which is higher than 90. Because the pirated image is used to replicate from original image, the proposed algorithm can identify the copyright infringement in the most cases. As shown the experimental results, the proposed algorithm is suitable to the shopping mall images with simple background. However, the future study should be carried out to enhance the robustness of the proposed algorithm because the robustness loss is occurred after mask process.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.130-136
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• 2016

HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) extension considers screen content as one of its main candidate sources for encoding. Among the tools already included in HEVC version 1, the technique of using transform skip mode allows transform to be skipped and to perform quantization process only. It is known to improve video coding efficiency for screen contents which are characterized to have much high frequency energy. But encoding complexity increases since its encoder should decide whether transform should be used or not in each $4{\times}4$ transform block. Based on statistical correlation between IBC (Intra block copy) and transform skip modes both of which are known effective in screen contents, this paper proposes a combined method of the fast transform skip mode decision and a modified transform skip signaling which signals transform_skip_flag at CU level as a representative transform skip signal. By simulation, the proposed method is shown to reduce encoding time of $4{\times}4$ transform blocks by about 32%.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2007

A nonintrusive projection-based AR approach using complementary pattern has been recently proposed and applied to virtual studio. However, the approach faces the tradeoff between the pattern imperceptibility and compensation accuracy. To alleviate the tradeoff, we propose a content adaptive pattern concealment approach. The projector input images (AR images) are divided into rectangular regions and spatial variation and color distribution are computed in the regions. Based on the spatial variation and color distribution, we embed locally different strength of pattern images into different color channels. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach has two opposite advantages by comparing it with the previous (non-adaptive) approach through a variety of experiments and subjective evaluation. Our content adaptive approach can obtain the same performance using weaker pattern than the previous approach and thus significantly improve the imperceptibility of the pattern. On the contrary, our content adaptive approach can make strong pattern less perceptible and thus produce better compensation results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.1163-1166
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• 2001

최근의 네트워크는 유선에서 무선으로 발전하고 있다. 무선 네트워크 기술은 여러 가지가 있다. 그 중 좁은 영역에서 사용하고 개인적인 용도로 알맞은 것이 블루투스(Bluetooth)이다. 블루투스 기술 표준은 데이터를 전송하는 단순한 통신 방법만을 정의한 것이 아니라, 몇 가지 응용에 대한 표준도 정의되어 있다. 이 응용은 모든 블루투스 기기가 전부 구현해야 하는 것이 아니라, 그 중 기기에 알맞은 것만을 선택해서 구현을 할 수 있도록 되어 있다. 그렇다면 블루투스 기기에서 다른 기기가 제공하는 서비스가 무엇인지를 알아낼 수 있는 방법이 필요하게 된다. 다른 기기의 서비스를 알아내는데 사용되는 블루투스 기술이 SDP 계층 (Service Discovery Protocol Layer) 이다. SDP 계층은 프로토콜만으로 작동 가능한 것이 아니라, 블루투스 기기에서 제공 가능한 서비스와 서비스 속성을 정의한 내부 데이터베이스를 참조해서 작동하게 된다. 이 내부 데이터베이스는 블루투스를 구현하는 사람마다 모두 다르게 구현하고 있다. 그래서 블루투스 서비스와 서비스 속성에 관한 정보는 글과 간단한 도표로만 정의되고 있는 상황이다. 블루투스 서비스와 서비스 속성 정보를 글과 도표가 아닌 XML을 이용한 문서로 표현을 하는 방법이 나타났었다. 그러나 블루투스 기기에서 직접 서비스와 서비스 속성을 기술한 XML 문서를 바탕으로 SDP를 작동시키는 것은 블루투스 기기에 XML 파서를 포함시켜야 한다는 것을 말한다. 대체로 작은 CPU 성능과 적은 메모리를 가지고 있는 블루투스 기기에서는 XML 파서를 포함하는 근 부담이 된다. 이에 본 논문에서는 보편적으로 사용될 수 있는 블루투스 서비스와 서비스 속성을 기술한 XML 문서에서 블루투스 기기에 적합한 내부 정보를 생성하는 생성기를 설계하고 구현을 하였다.보다는 현저히 낮았다. 총 휘발성 유기화합물읜 농도는 실내가 실외 보다 높았다(I/O ratio 2.5). BTEX의 상대적 함량도 실내가 실외보다 높아 실내에도 발생원이 있음을 암시하고 있다. 자료 분석결과 유치원 실내의 벤젠은 실외로부터 유입되고 있었고, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 크실렌은 실외뿐 아니라 실내에서도 발생하고 있었다. 정량한 8개 화합물 각각과 총 휘발성 유기화합물의 스피어만 상관계수는 벤젠을 제외하고는 모두 유의하였다. 이중 톨루엔과 크실렌은 총 휘발성 유기화합물과 좋은 상관성 (톨루엔 0.76, 크실렌, 0.87)을 나타내었다. 이 연구는 톨루엔과 크실렌이 총 휘발성 유기화합물의 좋은 지표를 사용될 있고, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 크실렌 등 많은 휘발성 유기화합물의 발생원은 실외뿐 아니라 실내에도 있음을 나타내고 있다.>10)의 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 얻었다. 결론: $^{18}O(p,n)^{18}F$ 핵반응을 이용하여 친전자성 방사성동위원소 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 생산하였다. 표적 챔버는 알루미늄으로 제작하였으며 본 연구에서 연구된 $[^{18}F]F_2$가스는 친핵성 치환반응으로 방사성동위원소를 도입하기 어려운 다양한 방사성의 약품개발에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.었으나 움직임 보정 후 영상을 이용하여 비교한 경우, 결합능 변화가 선조체 영역에서 국한되어 나타나며 그 유의성이 움직임 보정 전에 비하여 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 뇌활성화 과제 수행시에 동반되는 피험자의 머리 움직임에 의하여 도파민 유리가 과대평가되었으며 이는 이 연구에서 제안한 영상정합을 이용한 움직임 보정기법에 의해서 개선되었다. 답이 없는 문제, 문제 만들기, 일반화가 가능한 문제 등으로 보고, 수학적 창의성 중 특히 확산적 사

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2007

Digital medical image commenced with an introduction of PACS has become more popular today in the radiation diagnosis and radiation treatment and made great progress, in particular, for medical testing field, whereas it has made slow progress for radiation treatment field. In order to accommodate the current trend of digital from analog, a spherical mechanical check device(SMCD) that is the form of spherical differing from the existing form of flat or cube has been designed and tested its practicability to replace the part in mechanical check with digital image from QA operation. If the distance maintains constance between source(target) and image detector with constant distance to the center of spherical mechanical check device(SMCD), the size will be shown as a constant image at all times regardless of its direction exposed. For the test, two accurate hemispheres are made and put together which results in a sphere of the equilateral circle. It enables a variety of implementation of the existing mechanical check using digital image as follows: congruity level of radiation field and light field, size accuracy of radiation field and collimation field, gantry rotation isocenter check, collimation rotation isocenter check, room laser accuracy check, collimation rotation angle check, couch rotation angle check, and more. In addition, it has proved its practicability in checking isocenter congruity level as real time at the time of simultaneous rotation between gantry and couch that is applied to the non-coplanar field, which had been hard to apply as a device formed of existing flat or cube.