• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate how a labor saving for conventional hand sowing and respond to major agronomic traits under different planting density in 1993 and 1994. Each trial was a randomized block split plot with row spacing as the main plots and hill spacing as subplots. Sowing rate appeared lower in 20 or 25cm hill spacing using machine seeder than in hand sowing. Sowing time required reduced more 121 hours per hectare in 60cm row, 20cm hill spacings using machine seeder than in hand sowing. Increasing row and hill spacings reduced number of seedling stand per unit $area(m^2)$. Both number of pods per plant and grain weight per plant and showed highly increase in wide planting. Best yield obtained in 60cm row, 20cm hill spacing using machine seeder. Accumulative mean air temperature was positively correlated with stem height, number of pods per plant and yield, otherwise accumulative rainfall was negatively correlated with ones. A highly significant negative correlation was showed between number of seedling stand per unit $area(m^2)$ and number of branches, number of pods per plant, grain weight per plant and yield. Yield was positively correlated with number of branches, number of pods per plant and grain weight per plant.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.11-26
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• 1984

The aim of this study is to establish a synthetical optimal method that simultaneously analyze and design reinforced concrete flat slab-column structures involving multi-constraints and multi-design variables. The variables adopted in this mathematical models consist of design variables including sectional sizes and steel areas of frames, and analysis variable of the ratio of bending moment redistribution. The cost function is taken as the objective function in the formulation of optimal problems. A number of constraint equations, involving the ultimate limit state and the serviceability limit state, is derived in accordance with BSI CP110 requirements on the basis of limit state design theory. Both objective function and constraint equations derived from design variables and an analysis variable generally become high degree nonlinear problems. Using SLP as an analytical method of nonlinear optimal problems, an optimal algorithm is developed so as to analyze and design the structures considered in this study. The developed algorithm is directly applied to a few reinforced concrete flat slab-column structures to assure the validity of it and the possibility of optimization From the research it is found that the algorithm developed in this study is applicable to the optimization of reinforced concrete flat slab column structures and it converges to a optimal solution with 4 to 6 iterations regardless of initial variables. The result shows that an economical design can be possible when compared with conventional designs. It is also found that considering the ratio of bending moment redistribution as a variable is reasonable. It has a great effect on the composition of optimal sections and the economy of structures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.321-331
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• 2008

A model has been constructed in this study for the investigation of physical characteristics of the Gyeonggi Bay and Han River estuary. MIKE 21 HD (HyDrodynamics) has been used for the uncertainty analysis of the tide of the Gyeonngi Bay and Han River estuary. A total of 15 model experiments have been performed for the hydrodynamic parts and the analysis of results have been made in terms of RMSD (Root-mean square deviation) which has been frequently employed in the suitability analysis of hydrological data since the introduction by NERC(1975), U.K. A smaller value of RMSD indicates the more suitability of a parameter to the model. Analysis of the hydrodynamic results has shown that RMSD of the mean tidal range has the largest value of 0.1148 at Yeomha channel while has the smallest value of 0.0400 at Yeonphyong-do, indicating that the uncertainty in the mean tidal range on near-shore side is larger than that of offshore side. Experiment with reduced water depth by 10% has produced a most significant increase in RMSD. It is therefore implied that the model response changes more sensitively to water depth rather than grid sizes, open boundary forcing and river discharge.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.228-234
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to predict environmental distribution of anthracene, benzene, benzo[a]pyrene, 1-methylphenanthrene and phenanthrene in a four phase biopile system - air, water, soil and non aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) phase using level I fugacity model. Soil samples used for this study were collected from three sites in the United Kingdom which were historically contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. The level I fugacities (f) for the five contaminants were markedly different, however, the fugacities of each contaminant in three soil samples did not show significant difference. NAPL and soil were the dominant phases for all five contaminants. Results of this study indicated that difference in percentage of organic carbon strongly influenced the partitioning behavior of the cntaminants. The presence of benzene calls for an urgent need for risk-based management of air and water phase. Whereas insignificant amount of chemicals leached in the water phase for other organic contaminants showing greatly reduced potential of groundwater contamination. Furthermore, this study helped us to confirm the association of risk critical contaminants with the residual saturation in treated soils. They also can be used to emphasize the importance of accounting for the partitioning behavior of both NAPL and soil phases in the process of the risk assessment of the sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.742-746
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• 2000

Quality improvements of soybean sprouts on DSSE(Defatted Sesame Seed Extracts)-treated cultivation were determined in terms of growth rate, nutrient compositions value and the total bacteria. The length, diameter and weight of treated soybean sprouts were increased by 6.2%, 10.0% and 9.1%, respectively, compared with control. The contents of moisture, crude ash, crude fat of the treated soybean sprouts were similar to the control soybean sprouts, whereas crude protein content of the treated sprouts was 17% higher than the control. Both soybean sprouts contained 17 amino acids but the treated sprouts contained the higher contents of glutamic acid, threonine, methionine, tyrosine and valine. Little difference in fatty acid composition was noted between the two soybean sprout samples. Vitamin C contents of the treated soybean sprouts were 18.2 mg%, which corresponds to about 50% more vitamin C than the control. The treated soybean sprouts contained higher contents in minerals such as K, P and Ca than those of the control. The total bacteria of soybean sprouts in the control soybean sprouts increased rapidly after 2-day storage, but treated soybean sprouts increased immediately after 4-day storage.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.77-80
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• 2002

본 논문의 연구목적은, 우리나라 감자재배지역의 분포 특징과 그 중심지를 밝혀 보는데 있다. 이와 같은 목적을 위하여 감자가 외국에서 우리나라에 전파해온 경로와 한국 내에서 의 전파경로를 알아보고, 7개 지역의 감자재배지역의 특징, 우리나라 감자재배의 생산량, 재배면적, 재배농가, 각 시기별 감자 재배지의 중심지와 남한의 감자재배 중심지를 구하였다. 이와 같은 연구내용은 주어진 자연환경에 인간이 어떻게 적응해가면서 살아가는지를 공부하는 지리학의 전통적인 개념인 자연과 인간과의 관계를 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 초 중등학교 및 대학에서 공부하는 한국지리 교육과정의 학습자료로서 유용하게 쓰일 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 연구방법은 문헌연구과 1970년부터 1995년까지의 전국의 시.군별 감자재배지역의 입지계수를 구하여 연구하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 감자가 한국에 처음으로 재배된 것은 1824년(조선조 순조24년) 인데, 전파과정을 살펴보면, 안데스산지의 페루(1500년대) $\longrightarrow$ 에스파냐(1532년) $\longrightarrow$ 중국(1650년) $\longrightarrow$ 한국(1824년)순으로 전파되어온 북방전래설과 영국의 감자가 1832년 충청도의 서산으로, 일본 감자가 1920년에 수원으로 전파되었다는 남방전래설이 있다 2. 감자는 한국 전 지역에서 재배되는 중요 농작물이다 그러나 우리나라의 지형이 남북으로 깊게 뻗은 반도국이므로 위도와 지형 차이에 따라 기온과 고도가 다르게 나타나는데, 이러한 자연적인 요인의 영향이 가장 큰 요인이 되어 고랭지 여름재배지역.중산간 봄재배지역.중부평야 봄재배지역 남부평야 봄재배지역 남부해안 2기작 재배지역.남부 겨울재배지역.제주 가을 월동재배지역 등 7개 지역으로 구분되어 재배된다. 3. 우리나라(남한)의 감자 재배지의 중심지는 강원도 고랭지 여름재배지역과 제주도 가을 월동재배지역, 소백산맥과 진안고원이 만나는 부근 산지지역의 남원군.구례군 거창군.고령군과 남해안의 밀양군.양산군이다. 강원도 지역과 제주도 두지역이 전테 재배면적의 52%를 점유하여 감자 재배지의 핵심지를 이룬다. 4. 한국 감자 재배지역 중심지의 지리적 특징은, 높은 산지지역의 산록완사면에 밭작물로 재배된다는 점과 교통이 불편한 지역으로서 도시화와 산업화 지역의 그늘 지역이 대부분이다. 강원도의 감자 재배지는 감자재배에 적합한 자연환경과 화전농업의 전통, 감자 재배기술의 전파, 중앙정부와 지방정부가 지원하는 각종 연구소 분포와 영농지도, 씨감자 생산과 협동조합의 판로 개척, 도로 개설과 포장 등의 인문지리적 요인이 영농조건을 개선하고 감자 판매를 위한 시장접근을 용이하게 하여, 남한 최대의 감자 재배지역을 형성하였다. 제주도는 산지지형과 따뜻한 기온으로 2기작이 가능하고, 감자가공 공장설립과 교통발달에 따른 육지 시장과의 접근이 용이해졌기 때문에 남한에서 2번째로 큰 감자재배지역이 되었다.(요약 및 결론에서 발췌)

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 2013

Global warming and climate change have influence on abnormal weather pattern and the rainstorm has a localized and intensive tendency in Korea. IPCC(2007) also reported the rainstorm and typhoon will be more and more stronger due to temperature increase during the 21st century. Flood Estimation Handbook(Institute of Hydrology, 1999) published in United Kingdom, in the case that the data period is shorter than return period, recommends the regional frequency analysis rather than point frequency analysis. This study uses Regional Climate Model(RCM) of Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA) for obtaining the rainfall and for performing the regional frequency analysis. We used the rainfall data from 58 stations managed by KMA and used L-moment algorithm suggested by Hosking and wallis(1993) for the regional frequency analysis considering the climate change. As the results, in most stations, the rainfall amounts in frequencies have an increasing tendency except for some stations. According to the A1B scenario, design rainfall is increased by 7~10% compared with the reference period(1970-2010).

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.231-246
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• 2009

The time charterer depends on speed and bunker consumption rate of time chartered vessel because it is related charterers' benefit. It is important role of stipulated speed and daily bunker consumption rate at the Time Charter Party, it is generated any dispute against speed and daily bunker consumption rate deficiency. The case of dispute is a restricted word of stipulated speed and daily bunker consumption rate at Charter Party as "about", "good weather or good weather day", "smooth water", "ocean current" and "without guarantee". It happens a dispute against speed and daily bunker consumption rate because it is not well-educated as a vessel operator regarding Time Charter Party interpretation.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.62
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• pp.231-262
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• 2016

The Jongmyo Shrine(宗廟) of Zhou dynasty was a king's main building where a diversity of rituals were held, such as 'the assembly ceremony between a king and vassals in the morning', and was also called as Taechim(太寢) Nochim(路寢) Jeongchim(正寢) and others. Before Zhou dynasty, the expressions of Taesil(太室) and Sesil(世室) were used, and especially the term of Taesil(太室) is found in the records of the early period of West Zhou. In "Seogyeong(書經)", not only the term of Nochim(路寢) but also the letter of 'chim(寢)' itself is not found at all, but the letter of 'sil(室)' appeared several times in the chapters of "Haseo(夏書)" "Sangseo(商書)" "Juseo(周書)" except for that of "Wuseo(虞書)". "Jwajowusa(左祖右社)" meaning that 'the Jongmyo Shrine(宗廟) which keeps the late king's mortuary tablet is established in the left, and Sajikdan altar(社稷壇) which enshrines a god of land and grains is established in the right' was first mentioned in the part of 'Janginyeongguk(匠人營國 : a master craftsman builds different national infrastructures, for instance, a palace and roads)' in "Donggwangogonggi(冬官考工記)" of "Jurye(周禮)". In addition, so-called 'Jwamyowusa(左廟右社)', that is, "Sajik(社稷) enshrining the god of land and grains is built in the right('右'), and the Jongmyo Shrine(宗廟) in the left('左'). (右社稷 左宗廟)" was mentioned as one of different duties of a Sojongbaek(小宗伯) in charge of ancestral rites, which was recorded in "Chungwanjongbaek(春官宗伯)" of "Jurye(周禮)". And it seems that had affected the mention of "Jwajowusa(左祖右社)" in "Donggwangogonggi(冬官考工記)" appeared thereafter. Many manners scholars including Jeonghyun(鄭玄) since Han dynasty interpreted 'Jwa(左 : left)' and 'Wu(右 : right)' here as the arrangement relation of left and right of Jongmyo(宗廟) and Sajik(社稷), but when it is interpreted as "helping(右=佑 : to help) to sacrifice to a god of land and grains in Sajik(社稷), and helping(左=佐 : to help) memorial ceremonies in Jongmyo(宗廟)." it can correspond with a 'Jongbaek(宗伯)''s duties. 'Jeonmyohuchim(前廟後寢)' is the term that began from the expression that "what's in front is called as an jongmyo shrine(宗廟) and what's back as a bedroom.(前曰廟 後曰寢)" in Jeonghyun(鄭玄)'s annotation explaining the chapter of "Hagwansama(夏官司馬)" in "Jurye(周禮)" and "Wolryeong(月令)" in "Yegi(禮記)". Chaeong(蔡邕), a figure in the same age as Jeonghyun(鄭玄), used the expression that "a court is placed in the front, and a bedroom in the back(前有朝 後有寢)." In the paper, two hypotheses were discussed about the theory about Jeonmyohuchim(前廟後寢). In one hypothesis, it expressed two facilities within a wall; 'a court in the front to deal with governmental affairs, and a comfortable interior space in the back.' In another hypothesis, it refers to two independent and separate buildings of 'an jongmyo shrine(宗廟) building in the front as the area of governmental meetings, and the residential building in the back as the residence area with family'.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.86-96
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• 2008

General development basis of letter system is recognized by formative value in terms of its function and structure. principle of clustered writing is the most significant feature of Hangeul typography as considered that it is based on function and formativeness. Thus, not only by changes with its form but also by its characteristic syllable combination, space structure is made as consonants and vowels are combined in single letter, then the combination develop into word, sentence, paragraph to make second, third space structure character. This character has significant impact on readability that is core function of typography. With this property, space structure character is regarded as very important component of Hangeul typography. First, space structure character of Hangeul typography is reviewed by relating it to visual perception of gestalt psychology and compared square-framed letter and framed latter By applying square-framed letter and framed latter in same sentence, legibility and readability were studied. Researcher has found that space structure character of Hangeul typography has significant impact on its function, and in terms of future design, it is very critical not only for design but also for communication environment as space structure formativeness of Hangeul typography interact with communication that is basic concept.