• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2022

Environmental contamination by organic compounds are not only restricted to water, but extends to soil and groundwater as well. However, highly oxidized compounds, such as halogenated organics and nitro-compounds, can be detoxified employing reducing methods. Permeable reactive barrier is one of the representative technologies where zero-valent metals (ZVMs) are employed for groundwater remediation. However, organics contaminates often contaminate the unsaturated zone above the groundwater. Despite the availability of technologies like soil vapor extraction and bioremediation, removing organic compounds from this zone represents several challenges. In this study, the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline was achieved using zero-valent iron (ZVI) under unsaturated conditions. Results indicated that the water content was an important variable in this reaction. Under dry conditions (water content = 0.2%), the reduction reaction was inhibited; however, when the water content was between 10% and 25% (saturated condition), ZVI can reduce nitrobenzene. Palladized iron (Pd/Fe) can be used to reduce nitrobenzene when the water content is between 2.5% and 10%. The reaction was evaluated over a wide range of temperatures (10 - 40 ℃), and the results indicated that increasing the temperature resulted in increased reaction rates under unsaturated conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2008

This study is conducted to determine the potential of zerovalent iron (ZVI), pyrolusite and birnessite to remediate water contaminated with chlorothalonil. The degradation rate of chlorothalonil by treatment of ZVI, pyrolusite and birnessite was much higher in low condition of pH. Mixing an aqueous solution of chlorothalonil with 1.0% (w/v) ZVI, pyrolusite and birnessite resulted in 4.7, 13.46 and 21.38 hours degradation half-life of chlorothalonil, respectively. Dechlorination number of chlorothalonil by treaonent of ZVI, pyrolusite and birnessite exhibited 2.85, 1.12 and 1.09, respectively. Degradation products of chlorothalonil by teartment of pyrolusite and birnessite were confirmed as trichloro-1,3-dicyanobenzene and dichloro-1,3-dicyanobenzene which were dechlorinated one and two chlorine atoms from parent chlorothalonil by GC-mass. Degradation products of chlorothalonil by ZVI were identified not only as those by pyrolusite and birnessite but as further reduced chloro-1,3-dicyanobenzene and chlorocyanobenzene.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2012

This study investigated characteristics of decomposition of tetrabutoxysilane (TBOS) as a slow release substrate (SRS) and on effect of TBOS decompostion compounds (acetate and butylate) for anaerobic dechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE). In the batch experiment, TCE, cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), 1-butanol and TBOS were analysed by GC/FID and acetate and butylate were measured by HPLC. 1M of TBOS transferred and accumulated 4M of 1-butanol by abiotically hydrolysis reaction. The hydrolysis rate was in a range of 0.186 ${\mu}M/day$. On other hand, 1-butanol fermented to butyrate and acetate with indigenous culture from natural sediments. This results showed that TBOS could be used a slow release substrate in the natural sites. The dechlorinated potential of TCE with acetate and butyrate was increased with a decreasing initial TCE concentrations. In addition, first order coefficients of dechlorination with acetate as electron donor was higher then that with butyrate. It is because that dechlorination of Geobacter lovleyi was affected by substrate affinity, biodegradability and microbial acclimation on various substrates. However, dechlorinated potential of Geobacter lovleyi was decreased with accumulation cis-DCE in the anaerobic decholoronation process. The overall results indicated that SRS with Geobacter lovleyi might be a promising material for enhancing dechlorination of TCE on natural site and cis-DCE should be treated by ZVI as reductive material or by coexisting other dechlorinated bacteria.