• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.5 s.274
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• pp.380-383
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• 2007

A 42-years-old man was referred to our department due to his hemoptysis. Chest CT showed a cavitary lung lesion in the apical segment of the RUL and an anterior mediastinal mass. The patient underwent wedge resection for the cavitary lesion and complete resection for the mediastinal mass. The pathologic finding was Paragonimus Westermani infestation in both the lung and thymus. The abdomen CT taken postoperatively showed an inflammatory mass involving the transverse colon and a small nodular lesion around the descending colon, which strongly suggested paragonimiasis. Postoperatively, the patient took Praziquantel for 2 days and he was discharged without any complications. There was no evidence of recurrence for the last 2 years.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.284-296
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Ohmae-hwan (OMH) and Mume Fructus (MF) on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Mice were divided into 4 groups: a normal group, control group, MF group, and OMH group. Three groups, excluding the normal group, were fed a 5% solution of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in water for 10 days to induce inflammatory bowel disease. From the fourth day of DSS treatment, the control group was given distilled water only, the MF group was given MF powder in distilled water, and the OMH group was given dried OMH extract powder in distilled water for 7 days. Results: For each animal, changes in body weight, colon length, and component levels in blood and colon tissues after each treatment were noted. The weight in the control group and MF group decreased slightly compared with that in the OMH group, and the colon length in the MF group and OMH group was more than that in the control group. TNF-α and WBC were decreased in both the MF group and the OMH group. RBC was increased in the OMH group, like in the normal group, compared with the control group and MF group. Hb and PLT of each group were not significantly different. Regarding changes in the colon tissues, both the MF group and OMH groups recovered similar to the normal group. Conclusions: Thus, treatment with OMH and MF seems to be effective against inflammatory bowel disease, and OMH is likely to increase body weight and induce RBC recovery better than MF.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.731-751
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study aimed to find out the effect of Sagunja-tang on the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease using mice with TNBS-induced inflammatory bowel disease. Methods : Mice with TNBS-induced inflammatory bowel disease were medicated with Sagunja-tang, and the weight changes, colon length, lipid peroxidation, and myeloperoxidase activity were observed. Levels of the inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), its transcription factor activation, phospho-NF-${\kappa}$B (pp65), in the colon by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot analysis were also measured. Finally, the activation of fecal bacterial enzyme, ${\beta}$-glucuronidase and degradation activation of fecal glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and hyaluronic acid were observed. Results : We found that oral administration of Sagunja-tang inhibited TNBS-induced colon shortening and also inhibited myeloperoxidase activity in the colon of mice as well as IL-$1{\beta}$ and COX-2 expression. Sagunja-tang also inhibited TNBSinduced lipid peroxidation and pp65 activation in the colon of mice. In addition, Sagunja-tang inhibited ${\beta}$-glucuronidase activation and fecal hyaluronic acid degradation activation. Conclusions : It is supposed that Sagunja-tang has a potential therapeutic effect on inflammatory bowel disease through the inhibition of both NF-${\kappa}$B activation and lipid peroxidation, and the improvement of intestinal conditions.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.134-146
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• 2013

Objectives : Auklandia Lappa (ALE) is one of the herbs used frequently to treat abdominal pain and diarrhea and reported anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines. This study was designed to investigate whether ALE could show protective activities on experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) models. Methods : Colitis was induced by DSS in Balb/c mice. ALE 10, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg were orally administered twice a day for 7 days in DSS model. Mice weight was measured daily. Scoring of clinical findings was measured every other day. Colon length, edema, fecal blood and histological damages were assessed at day 7 in DSS model. In histological analysis, we checked cryptal glands, surface epithelium, submucosa, transmural, stroma and scored degree of inflammatory cell damage by modified histological scoring. We also calculated cytokines concentrations including IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-17, IL-23, IL-10 and TGF-${\beta}1$ by Biometric Multiplex Cytokine Profiling method. Results : ALE showed the protective effects on DSS-induced experimental colitis. ALE inhibited shortening of colon length and histological damages of colon does-dependently, but it did not inhibit weight loss. ALE also inhibited IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-6 expression, and upregulated cytokines (IL-10, TGF-${\beta}1$) related to regulatory T cell differentiation and proliferation. Conclusions : The current results demonstrate the clinical utility of ALE in traditional medicine and indicate the possibility of potent drug development of inflammatory bowel diseases from natural products. Further investigations for exact mechanisms will be needed.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Pruns mume, Schisandra chinensis, Chaenomeles sinensis-- Prunus mume mixtrue (PM) treatment on colitis induced in mice by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment. A total of 25 male BALB/c mice (average weight $20.7\;{\pm}\; 1.6 \;g$) were divided into 5 treatment groups and fed a commercial diet (A), PM administration (B), commercial diet + induced colitis by DSS (C), PM administration + induced colitis by DSS (D) and sulfasalazine + induced colitis by DSS (E). We found that PM treatment (D) and sulfasalazine (E) decreased the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and COX-2 compared to the DSS-induced colitis group (C). The expression of IL-4, STAT6, $IFN-{\gamma}$, STAT1 was decreased in group D and group E compared to the colitis group (C), COX-2 and STAT1 were more decreased in group D. The serum IgE levels decreased in the PM treatment groups (C and D) compared to the non-PM treatment groups (A and B) although there was no significant difference between the PM treatment groups. It is notable that a therapeutic application of the PM extracts ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in mice.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2020

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder on the large intestine that has been considered as an incurable not only in Western society but also in Eastern Asia in recent years. Despite enormous efforts to develop novel therapeutics for this disease, strategy using bioactive compounds from natural product is still considered as important. p-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) is an intermediate substance found in several plants and has been known to possess anti-inflammation but little evidence is reported whether HCA has an inhibitory effect on intestinal inflammation. In the present study, we observed HCA does not show cytotoxic and apoptotic in HT-29 cells. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that HCA effectively blocks the activity of HT-29 cells stimulated with TNF-α treatment. HCA inhibits translocation of p65 and MAPK pathways in activated HT-29 cells by TNF-α treatment. Besides, oral administration of HCA attenuates manifestation of DSS-induced inflammatory disease in vivo. Histological analysis exhibited that oral administration of HCA recovers IBD symptoms. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were reduced by oral administration of HCA on intestinal tissues. Therefore, these results suggest that HCA has a potent anti-inflammatory effect on intestinal cells as well as show a therapeutic potential for treating IBD in vivo.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.351-374
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• 2021

Objectives: This study investigates the mechanism of Hwanggeum-tang (HGT) and Gamchosasim-tang (GST) on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: The mice (C57BL/6N) were treated with distilled water and 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to experimentally induce ulcerative colitis. The mice were divided into 7 groups of (6 mice: normal, negative control, positive control (with sulfasalazine), 4 experimental groups (with HGT and GST, respectively). RAW 264.7 cells were used for cell experiments. The experiment was conducted in two ways: in vitro and in vivo. Results: In the experimental group (HGT, GST) of in vitro experiments, NO production decreased, and significant changes in gene expression and protein activation were observed. The length of the colon recovered in the experimental groups (HGT, GST) of the in vivo experiment was longer than that of the negative control group, and the mucosal barrier was recovered. Sone significant changes in the amount of mRNA expression were partially observed, and significant changes in protein activation also were confirmed. Conclusions: HGT and GST are effective in treating IBD caused by DSS. In the same herbal preparation group, the higher the concentration, the better the experimental effect, and when the same concentration was tested, HGT was more effective than GST. Herbal medicine has a higher antioxidant effect than sulfasalazine, so it is also excellent for cell protection.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.513-520
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Cheonggukjang pills with aronia and blueberries on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. There have been several reports that Cheonggukjang is effective for intestinal health, but the efficacy of Cheonggukjang containing fruits has not yet been reported. In this study, we showed the effect of cheonggukjang pills with blueberries and aronia (CPBA) on DSS-induced colitis in BALB/c mice. CPBA was obtained from Soonchang Moonokae foods and orally administered once a day for 2 weeks before DSS treatment. Colitis was induced in mice by feeding 5% (w/v) DSS drinking water for 7 days. The results showed that CPBA treatment significantly alleviated DSS-induced disease activity index associated with a decrease in colon length. CPBA improved DSS-induced histological changes and intestinal epithelial barrier integrity in mice colon. In addition, CPBA administration significantly reduced the levels of DSS-mediated interferon-γ and interleukin-6 in serum and tumor necrosis factor-α in colon tissue. Moreover, the gene expression of COX-2 and iNOS, which are factors involved in inflammatory signaling, was significantly reduced by CPBA treatment. These results suggest that CPBA have a protective effect against DSS-induced mice colitis and may be a candidate for colitis treatment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.455-465
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• 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is defined as a chronic inflammatory-mediated disease that causes ulceration and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Among most patients, the course of chronic inflammation repeatedly shows intermittent exacerbations and alternating remissions. However, despite the various therapeutic options to relieve symptoms, such as corticosteroids, TNF-α inhibitors, and antibiotic drugs, there is no known cure for IBD. Nonetheless, previous research has revealed that the autonomic nervous system is involved in the pathophysiology of IBD. In this study, we reviewed clinical trials confirming the therapeutic effect of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on IBD in vivo. We searched in vivo and human studies on Pubmed using keywords combined with "vagus nerve stimulation", "VNS", and "inflammatory bowel disease". All studies included in this review reported that direct VNS is effective in relieving symptoms of IBD and has no severe adverse effects. The most frequently stimulated site was the unilateral cervical vagus nerve area, and parameters for stimulation were set as 5-20 Hz. Based on the results, we aim to summarize the evidence for the efficacy of VNS on IBD and suggest the possibility of auricular electroacupuncture treatment as a therapeutic option for IBD.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1383-1392
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• 2021

It has been reported that emodin, a major pharmacologically active ingredient of herbal medicines such as Polygonum cuspidatum, Polygonum multiflorum, Rheum palmatum, and Aloe vera, is effective in antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and liver protection. In this study, to investigate the potential of emodin to be used as a skin disease and functional material, the activity related to the improvement of inflammation and skin barrier function was confirmed. To observe the anti-inflammatory effect on HaCaT cells, which are human keratinocytes, cytokine inhibition was confirmed by ELISA kit and protein expression by western blot. In HaCaT cells activated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL)/IFN-γ (10 ng/mL), emodin was treated with each concentration (5, 10, 20, 40) µM. As a result, It was confirmed that the production amount of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 decreased as the concentration of emodin increased. In the experimental results on the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins iNOS and COX-2, it was confirmed that 48% of iNOS and 29% of COX-2 were inhibited compared to control at a concentration of 20 µM of emodin. As an indicator of skin barrier function improvement, the mRNA expression level of filaggrin, involucrin, and loricirn and the production amount of filaggrin, involucrin, and loricirn were confirmed. and excellent results were obtained with an emodin concentration-dependent increase. In particular, filaggrin, which was produced twice as much as the control at a concentration of 20 µM, is a protein involved in the formation of NMF, a natural moisturizing factor, and is known to play an important role in moisturizing the stratum corneum. In conclusion, it was confirmed that emodin can be used as a material for improving inflammation and improving skin barrier function, which is part of the potential for use as a skin disease and functional material. It is believed that if additional research is performed in the future, the scope of its application can be further expanded.