• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.223-238
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• 2007

Central government of Korea devised the balanced national development as one of important agenda of government administration, and set up special act for balanced national development. According to special act, a plan to transfer public institutions to local areas was publicized on June 24, 2005. Thus 175 public institutions located in the capital area will be transfered to 11 local governments, and innovative cities will be built in local areas until 2012. However, Gwangju and Jeonnam province adopted not two individual innovative cities but one common innovative city in cooperation with two local governments. This study focuses on the characteristics of location selection process of common innovative city in Gwangju and Jeonnam province. Discussion about construction of common innovative city was started in need of new model for common development of two provinces, and most of peoples agreed a plan to establish on common innovative city within Jeonnam area near Gwangju area. Gwangju Jeonnam Regional Innovation Council, in particular, played an important role in the process of location selection and initial discussion about common innovative city. In addition, Common innovative city to be built in Naju city will be provided positive regional development effects in several dimensions. In result, it has been evaluated as a successful model of innovative city to be constructed with transfer of public institutions to local areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

Measures against non-point sources pollution in Saemangeum watershed should be established to control water quality of Saemangeum lake, because non-point sources pollution discharge portions of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) and TP (Total Phosphorous) in the watershed were 68.4 and 61.4%, respectively. In this study, target regions for the non-point sources pollution control were selected to apply BMP (Best Management Practices) for the agricultural area of Saemanguem watershed in terms of TP that caused eutrophication at the lake. Target regions were selected by the NPSI (Non-point source index) that was calculated by the total 12 indexes at the steps of non-point source production, emission and outflow. Weights of the indexes were determined by the watershed management experts oriented AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis. The target region was selected at the unit of Korean basic administrative district 'Dong/Li'. At the results of NPSI calculations through the GIS (Geographical Information System) tools, two sets of 5 regions were selected in the Man-kyung River and Dong-gin River. The main reason for the selected target regions was livestock activity in the district. The results of this study can be useful for implementing the reduction projects of agricultural non-point sources pollution to control water quality in Saemangeum lake.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.109-120
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• 2006

Part of public arts, environmental builforms not only enhance the beauty of a building, but also serve to stabilize the citizen's psychology and as a landmark having intimate values with the city environment and symbolic meanings. Thus they do have sociocultural values as an original formative artwork. The purpose of this study was to suggest evaluation and review methods and an evaluation framework for environmental builtforms, which had legal binding under the building decoration system, to a local government to improve the quality level of urban environment. It will be such a distant goal of creating a desirable urban environment as long as environmental builtforms are merely regarded as an object to follow a vogue and a mandatory passage procedure. It's important to take a perspective of an expert to set up and suggest an evaluation system in the public aspects. In the study a consideration was made of the current systems and review criteria of environmental builtforms, which was followed by the development of a theoretical research model and of a framework for statistical evaluation by a group of experts. The questionnaire designed based on the theoretical research model was tested for validity and reliability. Its pilot test results were then analyzed to verify the hypotheses. The questionnaire collected twice were statistically analyzed in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with the SPSSWIN 11 program. All the analysis results were used to come up with a final evaluation framework.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.208-212
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• 2008

The mediacy is now evolving with the development of mankind civilization. In the evolution, mediacy shows duplicate logic of remediacy with the opposite mediacy property between immediacy and hypermediacy. The duplicate logic of remediacy is defined as a result of hypermediacy which clearly requires transparency and absorption of immediacy. Because of changes from analog to digital age and the development of image technique, At present, the era is coming when the splendid and spectacle visual speaks for the screen not well-organized script and direction. With this developing period, the research for visual effect is actively performed and advanced to the new study. Though the study of visual effects contains the hypermediacy trait, it is also conjugated as a research field for immediacy on the screen which is the wish of content production directors. In this study, the analysis of case study for the movie "The Lord of The ring"'s visual effect application is carried out. Also, it is investigated that visual effects can guarantee for the verification of valuable new research filed which insure transparency and absorption in the hypermediacy results. Furthermore, on this study, it is executed for the contribution of the identity and systematization in the new research field "Visual Effects".

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.2719-2726
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the scientific basic grounds for the assessment of health and environmental diseases resulting from air pollutants in Pohang. For this study, we investigated pollutants, weather characteristics and concentration distribution of fine particles ($PM_10$) yearly and each season, using data from Air Quality Monitoring Stations. The properties of concentration distribution and seasonal fluctuation of $PM_10$ were studied qualitatively and quantitatively using CALPUFF, air dispersion model. The average concentration of $PM_10$ for each season was spring($75.7{\mu}g/m^3$)>summer($56.8{\mu}g/m^3$)>winter($53.6{\mu}g/m^3$)>fall( $52.7{\mu}g/m^3$). In the case of spring, high concentrations appear due to the Asian dust frequently occurring. The contributions of $PM_10$ classified by the types of pollution source in Pohang were point source 62%>mobile source 33%>area source 5%. An important point is that 97% of emissions were produced from the iron manufacture in steel industry. Therefore, it is necessary to control the emission sources of pollutants and to construct an observation system at Pohang steel industrial complex from now on. It’s time to control the risk factors for health and environmental disease to protect the health of resident in Pohang and its neighboring areas.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 1998

The geochemical experiments were carried out to investigate a removal effect of heavy metals in abdndoned metallic mine wastes, and to conceive a treatment techniques of them. In order to prevent contamination, experiment appature was made of acrylic acid resin and polyethylene which resist to acid and alkali. Experiment models are devided into four groups based on the system environments, distribution patterns and a kind of filling materials. The first group is background model(model I ) which is filled with waste only and opened to air. The second one is four layer group which is subdivided into two models, opened and closed systems, and the third mix group which is subdivided into three models based on mixing ratio of filling materials and system environment like a layered group. The forth is composed of two layer model, lower one composed of waste and upper one limestone chips. Solution drained from Model Ishows a high contents of heavy metals on the all terms of experiments. Among the models, however, the closed mix model V and Ⅶ show the most effective removal of heavy metals liberated from wastes. Models having different mixing ratios of filling materials on closed systems does not affect in heavy metal removal effect. But, the distribution patterns of filling materials affect very much on removal effect of heavy metals. The closed models with same constitution ratios and distribution patterns of filling materials show more and less effective removal to the open models.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.741-749
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• 1999

This study is to develop a method of measuring the soil water concentration by using TDR, which is based on the relationships between the bulk soil electrical conductivity of soil and the reflected wave of TDR. The proposed monitoring method is combined with two important relationships. One is that between the bulk soil electrical conductivity and the solute concentration, which is known to be linear at a constant volumetric soil water content and the other is that between the relative bulk soil electrical conductivity and the water content at a constant concentration. Some formulas have been proposed to solve the second relationship, but a new formula and the critical water content are proposed to improve the accuracy of measurement. This proposed formula estimates the relative bulk soil electrical conductivity for water contents which is divided to two regions, linear and nonlinear, by the critical water content. As the result of the comparison with other formulas, the proposed formula is proved to be superior to other formulas and to be an available method to apply to the unsaturated transient solute transport.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.172-182
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• 2009

This study was to analyze characteristics based on tolerance and trophic guilds and to determine the level of total mercury in tissues of sentinel species, Zacco platypus at 3 sampling sites of the Mangyeong River in 2007. Total sampled fishes were 26 species and the most dominant species was Zacco temminckii (47%). Fish community analysis was resulted that eveness index and diversity index showed low value at S1. However, diversity index and richness index at other sites showed high. According to various guilds analysis, relative abundance of sensitive species was 70% and 42% at S1 and S2, respectively. While sensitive species were decreased (1%) and tolerant species were increased (60%) at S3. It was mainly carried to the impacts of wastewater treatment plants near the location. Relative abundance of insectivore species was decreased from up (S1) to midstream area (S3). In addition, chemical water quality, based on analyses of BOD, COD, TP, TN, EC, MPN and SS concentration showed similar trends. Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) was averaged 164, judged as "good" habitat condition. Average concentrations of total [Hg] was 146.9 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$. In the muscles of total [Hg] was the highest, and then followed by kidney, vertebrae, liver, and gills. According to FDA standards (500 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$) of Korea, total [Hg] has not affected to the individual fish health.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.545-545
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• 2015

금호강은 포항시 북구 죽장면에서 발원하여 낙동강으로 합류하는 낙동강 제1지류로 유로연장은 114.6km이며, 영천과 경산지역의 생활 및 공업용수, 대구지역의 공업용수로 사용된다. 금호강의 평균 BOD는 1983년 191.2mg/L로 하수도나 산업폐수 처리 전 원수 정도의 수준이었으나, 2014년에는 3.6mg/L로 낮아져 수질개선율이 98.1%를 나타냈다. 이를 위해서 하 폐수 처리장 건설과 아울러 포항철강산업단지의 공업용수 공급을 위한 영천댐에 임하댐과 도수터널 52km를 연결하여 2001년부터 금호강에 하천유지용수로 $3.463m^3/s$를 공급하였다. 금호강 유역에서 오염총량제 목표수질은 금호B 지점이 BOD 3.8mg/L, TP 0.236mg/L이며, 금호C 지점은 BOD 4.0mg/L, TP 0.254mg/L이다. 분석기간인 2013년에서 2014년의 평균 수질은 모두 기준을 만족하고 있으나, 수질악화시에 금호B 지점에서 최대 BOD 8.6mg/L, TP 0.511mg/L, 금호C 지점에서 최대 BOD 8.5mg/L, TP 0.449mg/L을 나타내었다. 이에 영천댐의 탄력적인 유량방류로 수질악화시에 추가 방류를 수행하여 수질을 안정화시키고, 물공급의 안정화가 필요한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 갈수기 및 이수기에 영천댐에서 하천유지용수보다 많은 유량을 탄력적으로 방류하는 가상조건을 설정하여, 하천유지유량과 목표수질을 만족하는 유량분석을 수행하였다. 이를 위해 QUALKO2 모형을 적용하였으며, 상류단 경계조건을 영천댐으로 설정하고 낙동강에 합류하기까지 약 86km 구간에 대해서 유량과 수질모의를 수행하였다. 모형적용을 위해서는 23개의 reach와 86개 element를 사용하였으며, 주요지류로는 신령천, 청통천, 부기천, 오목천, 남천, 동화천, 신천, 팔거천, 달서천, 이언천를 적용하고, 주요 하 폐수 처리시설을 점오염원으로 입력하였다. 실측자료는 2013년과 2014년의 월자료를 사용하였으며, 유량시나리오는 상류단 영천댐 방류량 조건을 반영하여, 실방류량 조건과 하천유지용수 방류조건, 유지용수 외 추가 25%, 50% 방류조건, 목표수질을 달성하는 방류조건으로 총 5가지의 시나리오를 수행하였다. 상류단 유량이 증가하면 금호강 전반적으로 수질이 개선되나 수질 악화시에는 과도한 방류량을 요구하게 되어, 수질 악화시를 위한 구조적 비구조적 대책도 필요한 상황으로 분석된다.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.57-78
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• 2008

According to the previous studies about Shilla's cremate grave, in the process of importing the cremate grave, there has been correlation with Chinese Buddhism, and there have been a lot of mentions about the change of the grave, Yinwha(Stamp) patterns and its existence, and about the characteristics of the vessels to contain the bones. The cremate grave is categorized into two-parts type and mono-type, depending on the dead person. The cremate graves that are in local areas such as Wang-Gyeong, show difference in types. The typical vessel to contain the bones, called "Yeongyeol Gori Yoogaeho" is again proved to have existed from A.D 8c. ~ A.D 9c., judging from the Yinwha pattern stamp's existence. Yet, the Yeongyeol Gori Yoogaeho from 9th century used the patternless pottery, also seen from the Won-wha 10 yeon-myeong cremate grave. Due to the prosperity of Buddhism, when the "Mukuchonggwang Taranikyong(Sutra)", translated into Han language in 704 at Dang, was imported into Shilla, the funeral ceremonies of Shilla people changed from making cremate graves with vessels or scattering the bones in oceans, into building stupas in temples with hopes and wishes to bring oneself and family's fortune and the next life of the dead. As a result, the meaning of "Grave" disappeared for the cremate graves, and rather the ceremony changed into scattering bones and wishing fortunes for the dead person. In other words, the ancestor-worship ceremony which was focused on the tomb changed into commemorating the ancestors and wishing individual fortunes by the religious assembly in temples and the building process of stupas. In conclusion, this social change was the cause of the extinction of stone chamber with tunnel entrance and the tombs such as cremate grave.