• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.100-109
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze 19 kinds of mineral contents in hair targeting 311 people in Seoul who suffer from hair loss. The results are as follows: 1. The average contents of all kinds of minerals were within the standards. 2. Sodium, potassium, and selenium were more detected in men than in women; calcium, magnesium, copper, and manganese were more detected in women than in men; toxic elements, mercury, antimony, and arsenic were more detected in men than in women, which was statistically significant. 3. As the age increased, potassium (p<.05), iron (p<.01), manganese (p<.05), chromium (p<.01), and mercury (P<0.01) increased gradually, which was statistically significant. In particular, the content of mercury exceeded its standard in those over fifty. 4. Selenium (p<.01), lead (p<.05), aluminum (p<.05), and arsenic (p<.01) were more detected in natural hair than in permanent or colored hair. Calcium (p<.001), magnesium (p<.001), and manganese (p<.01) were more detected in permanent or colored hair than in natural hair. They were all statistically significant.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.235-241
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• 2017

This study aimed to help the college students majoring in beauty to have interests and manage the functional areas of scalp and hair by accurately identifying the condition of scalp and hair and realizing the convergence management habit and subjective symptoms for the condition. The study conducted a survey on 160 beauty major college universities in their 20s living in the Jeonnam area by asking the subjects to directly write the answers. The study found that many subjects had combination type of scalps and hair problems of split ends and thin hair, and recognized that their hair was damaged. They answered that frequent dyeing and perm caused the damage and they were using the shampoo for damaged hair to prevent hair damage. Regarding the observable symptoms on scalp and hair, it was identified that self-perception was higher as the interest in scalp was high, which influenced age and sleeping time.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.79-89
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• 2007

The effect of chitosan treatment on the dyeing and dye fastness, and mechanical properties of hair was investigated in this study when the carotinoid dyestuffs extracted from African Marigold(Tagetes erecta L.) were applied to the hair. The sequences of the chitosan treatment were changed in dyeing and mordanting procedures, i.e., pre-treatment, mid-treatment, and post-treatment. While the effect of chitosan application on the color shade change was not significant, the pre-treatment of the chitosan increased the dye uptake. Discoloration and fading was observed in the lightfastness test when chitosan was mid-treated. Alkali perspiration and acid perspiration fastness test results showed that chitosan post-treatment gave lower tendency. Washing fastness results showed that chitosan post-treatment and mid-treatment gave lower values, which indicates that chitosan deters the direct formation of insoluble complex among fiber-dyestuff-mordant. In the mechanical characteristics results, however, initial modulus and breaking strength increased significantly in the post-treatment and pre-treatment of chitosan.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 2020

Hair is made of proteins containing various amino acids. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is believed to be responsible for the most damaging effects of sunlight, and also plays an important role in hair aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in morphological and chemical structures after ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation of human hair. The UVB-irradiated hair showed characteristic morphological and structural changes, compared to those of the normal hair. The result from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray diffractometer (EDX) showed that the scale of UV-irradiated hair appeared to be rough and the amount of oxygen element was higher than that of the normal hair. Fluorescence and three dimensional (3D) topographical images were obtained by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). In 3D images, the green emission intensity of normal hair was much higher than that of fluorescing UVB-irradiated hair. The intensity of green emission reflects the intrinsic fluorescence of hair protein. Also, a fluorescent imaging method using fluorescamine reagent was used to identify the free amino groups resulting from a peptide bond breakage in UVB-irradiated hair. Strong blue fluorescence of UVB-irradiated hair, which indicates a very high level of amino groups, was observed by CLSM. Therefore, the fluorescamine as an extrinsic fluorescence could provide a useful tool to identify the peptide bond breakage in UVB-irradiated hair. Infrared image mapping was also employed to assess the cross-sections of normal and UVB-irradiated specimens to examine the oxidation of disulfide bonds. The degree of peak areas with strong absorbance for the disulfide mono-oxide was spread from the outside to the inside of hair. The spectroscopic techniques used alone, or in combination, launch new possibilities in the field of hair cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.553-562
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• 2008

These days hair perm and dye is a modern trend that women prefer to create their own image and personality. However, chemicals for hair perm and dye are easy to damage hair. This study, then, is to find out some effective skills to minimize hair damage when hair perm and dye is done in a same time. The subjects were 200 hairs picked from five healthy women in their twenties which have not been permed and dyed since one year and more ago. The experimental group was divided into two groups: 1)the perm- nutritional treatment- dye (PNT) group 2)the dye- perm- nutritional treatment(DPN) group. After experiments, the states of "hair scale", "hair damage", and "color tone in dyed hair" were compared between two groups. The results are as follows: to lessen hair damage when hair perm and dye is done in a same time, nutritional treatments must be necessarily used on hair. To make hair colored more clearly when hair dye is done, it is more desirable to use nutritional treatments on hair.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.509-517
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• 2017

As the effectiveness of ionic water that mainly used for the purpose of treatment has been widely known with the recent "well-being" trend, people's interest in it is also gradually increasing. Especially, the alkaline ionic water for drinking purpose could conveniently provide different types/amount of inorganics required for different dietary life depending on nature and race, could effectively provide alkaline inorganics that could be insufficient to modern Korean people, and also could provide alkaline inorganics that prevent/cure/relieve pregnant women's morning sickness. Applying the suggested performance/manufacturing method of alkaline ionic water through the performance assessment of alkaline electrolytic ionic water of the developed product, it would be necessary to have additional researches on the improvement of product or parallel development that could be applied to diverse areas.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 2009

In this study, we observed the effects of repeated perms on the morphology of virgin hair of a healthy thirteen year-old girl with scanning electron microscopy. After the first treatment, the outer parts of cuticle cell were broken unevenly and roughly. Cuticle cells were lifted upward making a space. After the third treatment, cuticle cells were lifted off one another and the folded scales showed irregular surface areas. Broken pieces of cells were stuck on the surface and an empty hole was present in the endocuticle of the cytoplasm. We observed that cortex separated from cuticle layer more easilywith repeated treatments.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.254-258
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• 2019

To protect healthy and beautiful hair, the hair protection effect was tested by adding an aloe extract from the hair solution. The treatment groups were grouped into four categories: Group II (Famma Treatment Only), Group III (Oxidase+aloe), Group IV (Reduce+aloe), and Group V (Oxidase+aloe, Release+aloe). The test hair is collected from women's hair in their 20s, 30s and 40s who have not undergone chemical treatment such as permanent and dying for one year and use 100% aloe stock solution. In order to evaluate hair thickness, cuticles, tensile strength, elongation and formation rate, the experiment environment was 28.9 degrees and 72% humidity. All statistical tests were done at 5% significant level. Cuticle, elongation, and formation rate were significantly improved (P<.05) and cuticle was best in group V, elongation was group III. In conclusion, aloe added to perm treatment were effective in improving cuticle, elongation rate, and formation of hair.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.45-57
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• 2006

In the previous study, african marigold petals extract was valued as an excellent natural yellow dye because of its distinguished reactivity with various mordants and color fastness. In this study, we were studied on effect of absorbed metal ion by after-treatment of mordants on the color and fastness in human hair and wool fiber dyed with african marigold petals extract because the proteinic and cellulosic fiber were very well dyed. The dyed human hair showed better dyeing ability in the color fastness than wool fiber on tests of light, wash and perspiration. The absorbed metal ion concentration of mordanted human hairs were 1 or 5 times higher than wool fibers. However, excess of absorbed metal ion haven't consistent effect on K/S and surface color. Human hairs dyed using african marigold extract and mordanted with Al, Sn, Cu and Fe were showed various reddish yellow color groups and good dyeing ability on african marigold extract.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.206-213
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• 2023

This study attempted to investigate what color would fade more during hair bleaching and examine what should be done to make hair color last longer. For this, hair was colored differently in ash gray with permanent hair dyes and semi-permanent hair dyes each. Hair in multiple levels was created through such bleaching. Color retention was improved in consideration of the degree of color fading in sample hair. In terms of post-bleaching hair coloring, it was more efficient to color hair by eliminating redness without hair damage after shampooing with a permanent hair dye. Therefore, it is anticipated that the study results would be highly useful for beauty salons to find a base level in consideration of bleaching effects and make improve- ments according to hair retention and moisturizing effects.