• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.92-93
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• 2014

주석 도금시 발생하는 주석 폐 도금 슬러지로부터 주석을 회수하기 위해 염산 직접 침출방법과 환원 열처리($700^{\circ}C{\sim}1100^{\circ}C$)후 염산 침출방식을 고찰하였다. 폐 슬러지의 염산 직접 침출시 주석의 침출율은 40% 이하였다. 폐 슬러지를 수소분위기하에서 $700^{\circ}C$, $800^{\circ}C$, $900^{\circ}C$, $1100^{\circ}C$로 열처리한 후에 염산을 이용하여 침출시에는 환원된 주석의 침출율이 97% 이상이었고, 온도가 $800^{\circ}C$일 때 침출율이 98.2 %로 가장 효과가 좋았다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 2010

Solvent extraction behavior of Sn(IV) from hydrochloric acid solution was investigated using TBP(Tri-butyl Phosphate) as an extractant. The experimental parameters, such as the concentration of HCl solution, chloride ions, extractant, and Sn were observed. Experimental results showed that the extraction percent of Sn was increased with increasing the hydrochloric acid and chloride ion concentration. More than 98% of Sn was extracted in 7.0 M HCl by 10% TBP. The optimum extraction stages of Sn for continuous extraction process was theoretically calculated by analysizing the McCabe-Thiele diagram. Stripping of Sn from the loaded organic phases can be accomplished by NaOH as a stripping reagent effectively and 99.3% of Sn was stripped by 2.0M NaOH solution.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 1983

To understand the abnormal absorption behavior of rare earths in cation exchange resins, the absorption for Ce(III), Tb(III) and $Cl^-$ ions in Dowex 50W-X2 have been investigated by spectrophotometry in the concentration range of $1{\sim}12$ M HCI and $HCl-HClO_4$ mixed solutions. The amount of $Cl^-$ ion absorbed shows that the ratio of amount of $Cl^-$ ions to that of rare earths does not exceed 10% in the concentration range of $6{\sim}8M$ HCl and decreased gradually to 3% at 2M HCl and 6% at 12M HCl. The ratio is further decreased with the fraction of $HClO_4$ in $HCl-HClO_4$ mixed solutions and the decrease is presumably due to the weak tendency to form a complex between rare earths and $Cl^-$ ions in a cation exchange resin. The effect of $ClO_4^-$ is expected to play a more important role than that of $Cl^-$ ions in the large absorption of rare earths.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1998

The effectiveness of lidocaine HCI (lidocaine HCI/sodium bicarbonate mixture) was tested as an anaesthetic for Rhynchocypris oxycephalus and R. steindachneri at three different temperatures of $10^{\circ}C.$, $15^{\circ}C.$ and $20^{\circ}C.$. Based on the exposure and recovery time, effective doses of lidocaine HCI were proven to be 300ppm ($20^{\circ}C.$), 400ppm ($15^{\circ}C.$), and 600ppm($10^{\circ}C.$) for R. oxcephaus, and 400ppm ($20^{\circ}C.$), 500ppm ($15^{\circ}C.$), and 600ppm ($10^{\circ}C.$) for R. steindachneri respectively. Anaesthetic dose and temperature-dependent relationship in exposure and recovery time were obseved for these two Rhynchocypris spops. There were size-related increases of exposure time on R. steindachneri in each dose of lidocaine HCI. However, dost-dependent increase of recovery time wea found in only the large size group of Rhynchocypris spp.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.29-34
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• 2008

Solvent extraction behaviors of iron(III) from chloride solution at high ionic strength condition between Alamine336 and TBP were compared by using MaCabe-Thiele diagram. Extraction isotherms of iron by the two extractants were obtained by calculating the equilibrium concentrations of iron in both phases from the initial extraction conditions. In calculating the equilibrium concentration of iron, chemical equilibria in the aqueous phase and mass balance together with the solvent extraction reaction were considered. MaCabe-Thiele diagram of iron by 1M Alamine336 indicated that two extraction stages could lead to complete extraction of 0.5M iron from 3M HCl solution at an A/O ratio of 6/5. The extraction power of 1M Alamine336 was found to be the same as 2-3M TBP. MaCabe-Thiele diagram together with the physical properties of the two extractants indicated that Alamine336 is superior to TBP in extracting ferric iron from chloride solution.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2009

Distribution diagram of Pt(IV), Pd(II), and Rh(III) in HCl solution was obtained as a function of HCl concentration from 0.001 to 10 M by considering complex formation reaction together with mass balance. When HCl concentration was higher than 0.1 M, most of Pt and Pd in HCl solution exist as $PtCl_6^{2-}$ and $PtCl_4^{2-}$. The concentration of HCl had a feat effect on the speciation of Rh(III). As HCl concentration increases from 0.1 to 10 M, the pedominant species changes from $PhCl_5^{2-}$ to $PhCl_6^{3-}$. Interaction parameters of $PtCl_6^{2-}$ and $PdCl_4^{2-}$ with hydrogen ion were evaluated from the solvent extraction data of Pt and Pd reported in the literature.

• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.487-491
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• 2013

To efficiently desorb gold and copper-cyanide complexes adsorbed onto Dowex21K XLT resin, the mixed solvent with HCl and acetone which is a kind of dipolar aprotic solvent was used as a desorbing agent. The desorption efficiency for gold-cyanide complex was the highest as about 94% when the mixing ratio of HCl and acetone based on volume was the 7:3, however, the value decreased as the ratio of acetone increased. In the case of copper-cyanide complex, most of them was desorbed when the amount of HCl was relatively higher than that of acetone, however, desorption efficiency decreased as the ratio of acetone increased. The desorption efficiency for gold and copper-cyanide complexes was the 94 and 100%, respectively at the 0.6 M of HCl with the 7 (HCl) : 3 (Acetone) of mixing ratio and desorption efficiency for gold-cyanide complex not increased any more even though higher HCl concentration was used. And the desorption efficiency for gold and copper-cyanide complexes was about 100% at the S/L raio ${\leq_-}1.0$ whereas desorption efficiency for gold-cyanide complex was very low as about 20-29% at the S/L ratio > 1.0. Also, most of desorption process for gold and copper-cyanide complexes was completed within 120 min.

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• no.9 s.93
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• pp.70-77
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• 1984

난연케이블, 난연$\cdot$저염산$\cdot$내방사선케이블은, 국민의 안전지향과 함께 발전$\cdot$철강제의 공업 플렌트, 일반건축물, 선박등에 적용되고 있으며 다시 적용범위가 확대될 경향에 있다. 이 신케이블의 개발의 배경, 개발의 수법, 특징 및 채택의 효과에 대해 개설한다

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.510-512
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• 2006

초등학교 염산관련 실험 시 발생하는 염화수소의 실내공기 중의 농도가 이산화탄소 발생 실험의 경우 8.93ppm, 수소 발생 실험의 경우 4.46ppm이 발생한다. 이 수치는 코에 자극 주고 불쾌감을 동반하거나, 코에 자극이 강하며 30분 이상 견딜 수 없는 수치에 근접하는 결과이다.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.388-396
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• 2003

The freeze dried young antler residue was extracted by proteases and hydrochloric acid(HCl). The young antler was extracted by water at 50$^{\circ}C$ and the residue was reacted by proteases for 5 hours at 50$^{\circ}C$. The extraction rate of its residue was 32.8%(absorbance 3.61 at 280nm) of bacteria protease, 23.8%(absorbance 0.69) of papain, and 31.2% (absorbance 2.96) of pepsin. The young antler was extracted by boiling water and the residue was reacted by proteases for 5 hours at 50$^{\circ}C$. The extraction rate of its residue was 45.0%(absorbance 3.61) of bacteria protease, 30.4%(absorbance 0.33) of papain, and 51.2% (absorbance 2.77) of pepsin. The result of HPLC analysis reveals that in 50$^{\circ}C$ water extract and boiling water extract, all high molecular peak was reduced under MW 1,000 by proteases. The result from the extract of young antler residue reacted by HCl for 5 hours at 50$^{\circ}C$ shows that its extraction rate was 45% (absorbance 0.78) in concentration of 0.1N HCl, 61% (absorbance 1.82) in 0.2N, 81% (absorbance 2.29) in 0.4N, and 82.0% (absorbance 3.28) in 2.0N. The result of HPLC analysis also reveals that in the extract by 0.8N HCl, the peak of about MW 70,000 accounted for 78% in total. Protein content of the extract by 0.8N HCl was 8.2%, and content of amino acid was 81.6%, ash was 1.3%, and mineral contents were 0.1 % of Ca, 2.3% of P, 0.8 % of Mg, 3.4% of Na, 0.002% of F by dry base.