• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2016

This study examined effects of Enterobacter ludwigii SJR3 showing a high 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, on growth of tomato plant and its expression of stress-related genes under drought and salt stress. SJR3 strain was inoculated at $10^6cell/g$ soil to 4-week grown tomato plants, and drought and salt stresses were treated. After additional incubation for 1 week, root length, stem length, fresh weight and dry weight of tomato plants treated with SJR3 increased by 37.8, 37.2, 96.8 and 146.6%, respectively compared to those of uninoculated plants in drought stress environment, and they increased by 19.2, 25.4, 19.5, and 105.8%, respectively in salt stress environment. Proline content in tomato leaves increased significantly under stress conditions as one of a protecting substance against stresses, but proline contents in tomato treated with SJR3 decreased by 62.1 and 54.1%, respectively. Relative expression of genes encoding ACC oxidase, ACO1 and ACO4, ethylene response factor genes ERF1 and ERF4, and some other stress-related genes were examined from tomato leaves. Compared to the non-stressed tomato, expressions of all stress-related genes increased significantly in the stressed tomato, but gene expressions in the inoculated tomato were similar to those of no-stressed control tomato. Therefore, E. ludwigii SJR3 may play an important role in mitigating drought and salt stress in plants, and can increase productivity of crops under various abiotic stresses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.103-104
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• 2003

어류의 양식생산 과정중에는 사육중인 어류에게 스트레스로 작용할 수 있는 여러 가지 요인들이 있다. 그 중에서도 생산된 종묘의 양식장 운송, 수확한 어류의 소비지 운반 등은 양식과정중 피할 수 없는 작업이다. 어류의 수송 후에는 혈장 corticosteroid, glucose, 전해질, 삼투질 농도, 적혈구수, hematocrit, hemoglobin 등이 변화하는 것으로 알려지고 있다(Chang et al. 2001; Hur et al., 2002, 2003). 스트레스 요인별 연구로는 염분, 수온, 밀도 및 마취제에 관한 것 등이며, 아울러 이들의 복합적인 요인에 대하여 스트레스 반응을 최소화시키려는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 어류종묘의 수송이나 수확된 어류가 대량으로 수송되고 있으므로, 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)와 같은 대량수송 어류의 수송에 따른 스트레스 반응에 대한 연구의 필요성이 제기된다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 넙치를 사용하여 염분, 수온 및 마취제에 의한 수송이 스트레스 지표로 알려져 있는 혈액학적 요인, cortisol, glucose, lactic acid 및 삼투질 농도 둥에 나타나는 생리학적 반응을 조사하여, 활어수송 과정에서 나타나는 스트레스 반응에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 실험어는 21.2 cm, 97.4 g인 양식 넙치를 사용하여, 수온은 20℃ (natural water temperature, NWT)와 15℃ (cooling water temperature, CWT), 염분은 해수(35‰)와 15‰해수, 마취제(anesthesia, Anes., MS-222)는 50 ppm의 조건으로 혼합한 실험구를 설정하였다. 실험구는 각각 NWT＋35‰, CWT＋35‰, NWT＋15‰, NWT＋15‰, NWT＋35‰＋Anes., CWT+35‰＋Anes., NWT＋15‰+Anes. 및 CWT+15‰＋Anes.의 8개 실험구를 2반복으로 설정하여 경북울진∼부산까지 약 400 km (6시간)를 차량수송하였다. 수송용기는 스티로폼상자(66×42×20 cnn)로서, 여기에 해수 3 L와 액화산소를 넣은 비닐봉지에 넙치 8마리씩 수용하여 수송하였다. 혈액의 성상 및 분석항목은 수송전ㆍ후에 채혈하여 비교하였다. 수송전 hematocrit는 22.2±3.8%에서 수송후 NWT＋35‰에서 15.3＋3.9%, CWT＋35‰은 16.7±3.0%, NWT+15‰구에서는 19.2±1.8%로 낮아졌으며, CWT+15‰구는 20.9±3.6%로 수송전과 차이가 없었다. 한편 NWT＋15‰＋Anes.구는 17.8±0.9%, CWT＋15‰＋Anes.구는 14.5±1.5%로 낮아졌다. Cortisol은 수송전 2.4±0.1 ng/ml로부터 CWT＋35‰구는 16.7±12.8 ng/ml, NWT＋35‰구는 47.9＋19.8 ng/ml, NWT＋15‰구는 43.5±13.9 ng/ml, CWT＋15‰구는 26.1±8.3 ng/ml, NWT＋15‰+Anes.구는 61.7±3.3 ng/ml, CWT+15‰+Anes.구는 86.1±19.0 ng/ml로 높아졌다. Glucose는 수송전 74.2±32.6 mg/dl로부터 NWT＋35‰구는 197.9±27.5 mg/dl, CWT＋35‰구도 272.1±29.9 mg/dl로 유의하게 높아졌다. Na/sup +/의 수송전 농도는 163.5±0.6 mEq/L로부터 NWT＋35‰구와 CWT＋35‰구는 각각 175.3±1.2 mEq/L, 190.0±5.0 mEq/L로 높아졌으며, 다른 실험구에서는 차이가 없었다. 본 연구 결과, cortisol과 glucose에서 수송전보다는 모든 실험구에서 높게 나타나 수온, 염분 및 마취제를 사용하여도 스트레스를 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, cortisol의 경우, 수온과 염분만을 혼합한 실험구보다 마취제를 혼합한 실험구에서 높게 나타났다. 다른 혈액학적 항목에서는 염분과 마취제를 사용하지 않았던 실험구인 NWT＋35‰구와 CWT＋35‰구에서 다른 실험구에 비하여 glucose, Na/sup +/ 및 Cl/sup -/ 등에서는 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

We tried to determine the optimum salinity for a cultured of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by investigating after exposing the fish at different salinity (10, 15, 20 and 25 psu) for 24 and 48 hours compared with control group (fish before transfer to experimental tank). As a control groups, we compared an analyzed with other experimental groups using olive flounder in natural sea water. Hematological parameters including hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb), cortisol and glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), $NH_3$, osmolality, total protein (TP), $Na^+$, $K^+$ and $Cl^-$ mostly exhibited significant changes at 10 and 15 psu groups compared with control groups for 24 and 48 hours exposed. Plasma SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase) activity also increased with experimental groups (10 and 15 psu) compared to the control groups. The expression of HSP70 mRNA was also higher at low-salinity (10 and 15 psu) than at control group. In particular, after 24 hours exposed, it expression to 15 psu groups showed a significant difference compared to the control group. However, after 48 hours exposed, it expression was higher in the 10 psu groups than the control. It is assumed that the changes in the hematological responses and hormone, homeostasis and metabolism were resulted in to protect fish body from stress. Based on these results, we are expected that it will be used as basic data for the culture of olive flounder prepared for low salinity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.295-296
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• 2001

우리나라의 해수어류 양식생산량은 사육환경, 사육관리조건 및 적조, 냉수대, 저염 분수의 양식장내 유입 등 자연재해에 의해 생산량 변동이 심하여 어가의 불안정한 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 집약적 어류양식에서 발생하는 부적당한 환경, 영양 및 인위적 스트레스는 어류의 최적 성장을 저해하며, 양식생산의 계획화에 지장을 초래한다. 환경요인중 수온, 염분 및 수질의 급변은 양식어류에 상당한 스트레스 요인으로 작용하는데, 이중 염분변화는 어류의 체내 삼투압 변화를 유도하고, 이때 어류는 체내 항상성을 유지하기 위하여 삼투압 조절을 한다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.248-249
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• 2000

연안 및 조간대에 서식하고 있는 해산 무척추동물들은 수시로 염분변화에 노출되고 있으므로, 저염분에 노출되고 있는 시간은 생존하기 위하여 수행하는 생리적 조정의 결과로서 성장률 감소를 수반하는 스트레스의 중요한 요인이다. 또한 염분은 해산과 기수지역 생물의 생리적 과정에 영향을 미치며, 종의 분포를 결정 짓는 주요한 환경 요인 중 하나이며, 염분변화에 의해 패류에서 발생하는 전형적인 반응은 섭이활동의 저하, 성장률의 감소와 패각의 폐쇄 등이다(Bohle, 1972; Widdows, 1985). (중략)

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2021

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are known to be involved in regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses such as salinity, cold temperature and dehydration,. Although CDPKs constitute a large multigene family consisting of 31 genes in rice, only a few rice CDPKs' functions have been identified. Therefore, in order to elucidate the functions of OsCPK11 in rice, this study was intended to focus on the expression pattern analysis of OsCPK11 in wild type and ND0001 oscpk11 mutant plants under these abiotic stresses. For the salt, cold and drought stress treatment, seedlings were exposed to 200 mM NaCl, 4℃ and 20% PEG 6,000, respectively. RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to determine the expression patterns of OsCPK11 in wild type and ND0001 mutant plants. RT-PCR results showed that OsCPK11 transcripts in the wild type and heterozygous mutant were detected, but not in the homozygous mutant. Real-time PCR results showed that relative expression of OsCPK11 of wild type plants was increased and reached to the highest level at 24 hr, at 6 hr and at 24 hr under salt, cold and drought stress conditions, respectively. Relative expression of OsCPK11 of ND0001 homozygous plant was significantly reduced compared to that of wild type. These results suggested that oscpk11 homozygous mutant knocks out OsCPK11 and OsCPK11 might be involved in salt, cold and drought stress signaling by regulating its gene expression.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2017

FK506BP (FK506 binding protein 12) is a small peptide with a single FK506BP domain. It is involved in suppression of immune response, oxidative stress and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the gene expression of FK506BP in red seabream (Pagrus major) exposure to low water temperature (8℃, 33 psu) and low salinity (20℃, 10 psu). Results showed that, the expression of FK506BP was significantly increased in the experiment groups, such as low water temperature (8℃, 33 psu), and low salinity (20℃, 10 psu). These results suggest that FK506BP was played roles in biomarker gene on the environmental stress such as water temperature and salinity.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the stress response of pacific abalone exposed to various water temperatures (4, 6, 8, and 10℃) and salinities (26, 30, and 34 psu) for 7 days, with the aim of finding optimum conditions for long-distance ocean transport of pacific abalone. At the end of the experiments, the survival rate was ranged from 98.7~100% at 8 and 10℃ but dropped to 25~55% at 4℃ in all salinity levels. The levels of SOD and glutathione in hemolymph were significantly higher at 4 and 6℃ than the control in all salinity groups, indicating that these temperatures induce severe stress in pacific abalone. It was found that THC was lowest at 6℃ in the 26 psu groups. The study showed that the hemocyte of pacific abalone populations mostly consisted of blast-like cells and hyalinocytes with the ratio of hyalinocytes being significantly lower at 4 and 6℃ than the other temperatures in the 26 psu groups. Percentages of apoptotic cells and necrotic cells were higher in the 26 psu group and 4 and 6℃ temperature groups. These results explicit that pacific abalone was exposed to greater stress at 26 psu and at 4 and 6℃ but experienced no significant higher stress at 30 and 34 psu and 8 and 10℃. It was therefore concluded that the optimum temperature and salinity for the long distance transport of pacific abalone range from 8~10℃ and 30~34 psu, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2011

Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) are inevitable by-products of many redox reactions in eukaryotic cells, they play a crucial role as signaling molecules in many cellular processes for development and defense response to abiotic stresses. The biphasic ROS production which was peaked twice in a first transient phase and a second massive phase was occurred after treatment of abiotic stress such as oxidative stress, high salinity. This biphasic generation of ROS was followed by the biphasic production of stress hormone, ethylene. The mechanism of interactions between ROS and ethylene biosynthesis is studied in tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) plants under the abiotic stresses. The stress-induced ethylene production was significantly inhibited in RbohD-AS and RbohF-AS, in which antisense expression of NADPH oxidase genes was performed. The accumulation of ROS, which was determined by DAB and DCFH-DA staining, was significantly decreased after abiotic stresses in transgenic plants. The suppression of signaling with ethylene and ROS induced more tolerance in response to abiotic stress. The transgenic plants were more tolerant in MS medium supplemented with salinity stress in contrast with wild-type. Stress-induced cell damage determined by DNA fragmentation was decreased at phase II in those transgenic plants. Therefore, the first burst of ROS is more responsible for making a role as a signaling molecule during stress-induced response. These results suggested that ethylene and ROS act in a positive feedback cycle that results in mutual enhancement of ethylene and ROS production during stress-induced cell death.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.70-74
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• 2017

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is one of the proinflammatory cytokines, after IL-1 binds to IL-1RI, IL-1RacP (interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein) joins with IL-1/IL-1RI to form a complex, and leading to cell activation. IL-1RAcP is involved in immune response, stress and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the gene expression of IL-1RAcP in red seabream (Pagrus major) exposure to low water temperature (8℃, 33 psu) and low salinity (20℃, 10 psu). Results showed that, the expression of IL-1RAcP was significantly increased in the experiment groups, such as low water temperature (8℃, 33 psu), and low salinity (20℃, 10 psu). These results suggest that IL-1RAcP was played roles in biomarker gene on the environmental stress such as low water temperature and low salinity.