• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.457-465
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• 2009

The characteristics of Holstein colostrum according to the methods that were employed in processing it were analyzed in this study to improve its industrial utilization. Colostrum samples were collected from the dairy farm of the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS). The milk fat, protein, lactose, and SNF contents of colostrum were 4.34, 6.99, 3.37, and 11.10%, respectively. The effects of spray drying, freeze drying, freezing, acidification, and inoculation of lactic-acid bacteria on the characteristics of colostrum were then compared. The freezing of colostrum was found to be proper for long-term storage in a farm. Freeze-dried colostrum powder could not meet the processing requirements and the component standards for animal products in terms of the total bacterial and coliform bacteria counts, but spray-dried colostrum powder could meet the microbiological requirements because of its bactericidal effect during the spray-dry treatment. The inoculation of lactic-acid bacteria showed a better inhibitory effect on coliform than the acidification treatment, but protein precipitation appeared because of the low pH and the high acidity. To estimate the effects of the processing methods employed on the IgG of colostrum, the IgG contents of the milk treated by long temperature long time (LTLT) ($65^{\circ}C$, 30 min), by inoculating the lactic acid bacteria starter, by spray drying, and by freeze drying were measured. The IgG contents of the colostrum were changed significantly by the processing treatment employed, from 53.98 mg/mLto 33.28, 34.82, 21.98, and 36.89 mg/mL, respectively.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.724-730
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• 2006

Two types of powdered chungkookjang, were prepared by a hot air-drying process, and the freeze-drying, and composition and aroma patterns were examined. The fresh chungkookjang was composed of 53.8% moisture, while the hot air-dried and freeze-dried powdered chungkookjang contained 5.2% moisture, $39.3{\sim}39.4%$ crude protein, $18.6{\sim}18.7%$ crude lipid, $4.7{\sim}5.0%$ crude ash, and $31.7{\sim}32.2%$ carbohydrate. The pH of the each powered chungkookjang was similar, ranging from 6.5 to 6.7. The freeze-dried powdered chungkookjang showed the highest lightness (67.30), yellowness (59.37) while the highest redness (43.1) was observed in the hot air-dried chungkookjang. Each chungkookjang was analysed by an electronic nose with metal oxide 12 sensors and SPME-GC/MS. The response by the electronic nose was analysed by principal component analysis (PCA). The proportion of the first principal component was 90.47%, suggesting that each aroma pattern of the prepared chungkookjang was discriminated. SPME-GC/MS was used to identify the pyrazines. The percentage of pyrazines observed in the fresh chungkookjang, freeze-dried powdered chungkookjang, and hot air-dried powdered chungkookjang was 6.6, 3.8 and 15.9%, respectively. A higher overall preference was obtained from the hot air-dried powdered chungkookjang than with the freeze-dried powdered chungkookjang.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.23-32
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of leaf powder colorants as substitutes for traditional indigo dyeing. Leaf powder colorants were prepared by hot air($50^{\circ}C$) and room temperanrre($25^{\circ}C$) drying methods from fresh leaves. The presence of indigo in the leaf powder colorants was confirmed by UV/Visible absorption spectra. All the powder colorants showed broad absorption at 602 nm as same as synthetic indigo. Dyeing was done by reduction method with sodium hydrosulfite and sodium hydroxide. Leaf powder colorants produced blue color on silk fabrics, showing similar color to the one dyed traditionally with fresh juice extract. The powder colorants prepared at room temperature drying were more stable for long term storage than that prepared by hot air drying. Thus, the powder colorants prepared by room temperature drying was reduced and dyed in one-step process without sodium hydroxide in the dyebath for further investigate dyeing properties. K/S value of the fabric dyed without sodium hydroxide was much higher than one dyed with sodium hydroxide. Regardless of the addition of sodium hydroxide, rubbing fastness was fairly good showing above 4 rating. Fastness to dry cleaning and light of the fabrics dyed without sodium hydroxide were mote higher than that dyed in alkaline condition.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.753-757
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• 2016

In this study, enzyme (thermoase) hydrolysis was applied to the porcine blood order to increase the iron content and solubility. It was confirmed that content of iron was increase up to 158.11 mg/100 g porcine powders after 0.2% thermoase treatment at $60^{\circ}C$ during 4 hr. The solubility of porcine blood powders was higher than other enzyme (various protease), temperature, reaction time. This optimized conditions were also worked to the in vitro iron bioavailability rate increasement, the bioavailability of hydolyzed porcine powders was 3-fold higher than that of an iron supplement on the market. These results indicate the possibility of porcine blood powder in iron supplements market as natural material. Also utilizing of reduced porcine blood will be possible to improve environmental issues.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.2 s.89
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• pp.170-174
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• 1999

Water-soluble polysaccharides from the fruiting bodies of Agaricus blazei Murill were extracted with 0.9% sodium chloride and hot water, successively. The purified polysaccharides showed a potent immunostimulating activity. Eight major polysaccharides, which were named from AG-l to AG-8, were fractionated and purified by ethanol precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Toyopearl HW 65F. These polysaccharides were identified to be homogeneous by analysis of HPLC. Three major active polysaccharides (AG-2, -3, and -6) showed relatively strong immunostimulating activity. AG-2 and -3 were composed of glucose, galactose and mannose in the molar ratios of 74.0:15.3:10.7 and 63.6:17.6:12.7, respectively. AG-6 was composed of glucose and ribose in the molar ratios of 81.4:12.6.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.897-905
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• 2014

The foliage of sweet potato [Impomoea batatas (L.) Lam] is an excellent source of food material due to the functional components of polyphenol and carotenoid. In this study, the lightness (L-value), polyphenol contents, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the foliage of Shinwhangmi, Hayanmi and Suioh cultivars harvested after different cultivation periods (60, 90 and 120 days after planting) and according to tip locations (1st~5th, 6th~10th, 11th~15th tips) were investigated. As a result, Shinwhangmi showed a lower lightness value (60 days after planting and 1st~5th tips). The longer the cultivation periods and the closer the tips, the higher the contents of polyphenol and DPPH radical scavenging activity were in lyophilized foliage of Shinwhangmi, Hayanmi and Suioh. In the 1st~10th tip of Shinwhangmi, Hayanmi and Suioh cultivated for 90 days and dried by 2 step hot-air (1st: $70^{\circ}C$ for 8 hr, 2nd: $80^{\circ}C$ for 4 hr), the polyphenol and ${\beta}$-carotenoid contents were 5.0, 3.9 and 4.0 mg/g and 75.6, 71.6 and 63.1 mg/g, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activities and ABTS radical scavenging activities ($EC_{50}$) were 0.29, 0.36 and 0.33 mg and 0.12, 0.15 and 0.11 mg, respectively. These antioxidative activities were over two times stronger than spinach.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.85-85
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• 2018

인공재배한 매실나무 겨우살이(PM)의 동결건조시료와 자연산 굴참나무겨우살이(QM)의 열풍건조시료의 80% 에탄올 및 물 초음파추출물을 4종의 세포주(HEK 293, HepG2, AGS, MCF-7)배지에 첨가하여 MTT assay로 농도에 따른 세포생존율을 조사하였다. 시료의 HEK 293(인간신장 정상세포)에 대한 세포 독성은 $100{\mu}g/ml$에서 PM의 80% 에탄올 추출물 및 물 추출물 처리군의 생존율은 각각 $86.30{\pm}2.87%$, $89.27{\pm}0.86%$, QM의 80% 에탄올 추출물 및 물 추출물의 생존율은 각각 $80.76{\pm}1.67%$, $78.07{\pm}0.67%$이었다. HepG2(인간 간암세포)에 대한 항암활성을 측정한 결과 PM과 QM 모두 80% 에탄올 추출물이 물 추출물보다 비교적 높은 항암활성을 나타내었으며 $100{\mu}g/ml$에서 QM 80% 에탄올 추출물이 $57.33{\pm}1.30%$의 생존율을 나타내어 항암활성이 가장 높았고, PM 물 추출물이 $76.45{\pm}2.62%$의 생존율을 나타내어 항암활성이 가장 낮았다. AGS(인간 위암세포)에 대한 독성을 측정한 결과 모든 겨우살이에서 80% 에탄올추출물이 더 높은 독성을 나타내었으며, $100{\mu}g/ml$에서 QM 80% 에탄올 추출물의 생존률이 $60.94{\pm}2.44%$로 비교적 항암활성이 높았고, PM 물 추출물이 $80.10{\pm}1.96%$의 생존율을 나타내어 항암활성이 낮았다. MCF-7(인간 유방암세포)는 $100{\mu}g/ml$에서 QM 80% 에탄올 추출물이 $69.44{\pm}1.56$의 생존율로 비교적 높은 항암활성을 나타내었으며, PM 80% 에탄올 추출물이 $88.30{\pm}4.12%$로 낮은 항암활성을 나타내었다. PM 물 추출물이 $73.23{\pm}3.16$으로 PM 80% 에탄올 추출물보다 비교적 높은 항암활성을 나타내었다. 결론적으로, HepG2(인간 간암세포)와 AGS(인간 위암세포)에 대해서 굴참나무겨우살이 80% 에탄올 추출물의 $100{\mu}g/ml$ 농도가 적합하였고, 매실나무겨우살이는 물 추출물 $100{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 MCF-7(인간 유방암세포)에 대한 항암소재로 적합하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.459-462
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• 2017

This paper, A large hair dryer was developed to shorten the drying time of the user's hair. The mechanism that determines the strength and stability of large hair dryer products is 'motor'. In a typical hair dryer to determine the wind speed using a 5V or 12V DC motor, Outer air vents are also great ways to use a long time, power consumption by a single blow. But, In the case of large hair dryers using multiple blows, the aim is to reduce the power consumption by increasing the intensity of the wind speed in a short time. Looking at the simulation results of a typical hair dryer, It was found that women spent an average of 20 minutes and that large hair dryers took an average of 5 minutes. This paper, In order to shorten the average drying time, it is necessary to determine the efficiency of the motor, the blow position of the outer frame, and the power consumption and studied for product development. As a result of the research and simulation, the power consumption is 0.8 times, the wind speed is 1.5 times, and the drying time is about 5 minutes. Therefore, it was found that the large hair dryer developed in this study can maximize the user 's average drying time and the efficiency of the motor.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.380-384
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• 2002

This study has been carried out to investigate the composition of fatty Acids, organic acids, minerals, vitamin C, total phenolics and saponin in 30$\^{C}$ hot air dried powder of main and lateral root of Acorus calamus L. Major saturated fatty acids were identified caprylic acid, pentadecanoic acid, stearic acid and heneicosanoic acid, etc.. Content of caprylic acid in main and lateral root were 28.35% and 31.44%. Unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, palmitoeic acid and linoleic acid was highly contented, linoleic acid was highest contented 25.55% in main root and 23.43% in lateral root. Succinic acid was the most abundant organic acid of root content of main and lateral root were 2,790 mg% and 2,630 mg%. Potassium was found to be the mon predominant mineral in root, followed by calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, in a order. Contents of potassium in main and lateral root account for 194 mg% and 454 mg%, respectively. Contents of these minerals in lateral root were higher value than that in main root. Contents of ascorbic acid and total phenolics were 113.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g and 463 mg％ in main root, 125.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g and 474 mg% in lateral root, respectively. Crude saponin content of main and lateral mot were high level amount, 2.51 ％ and 3.39 %.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.336-344
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate changes in the physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties of burdock during 9 repeated rounds of steaming ($90^{\circ}C$, 3 h) and drying ($60^{\circ}C$, 20 h) procedures. The moisture content decreased from 81.95% to 7.64% as the process was repeated. Fresh burdock showed the highest total sugar content, with 518.35 mg/g of soluble sugar, 86% being inulin. The reducing sugar content was the greatest (377.00 mg/g) in burdock that had been processed 3 times. The brown color continuously intensified, reaching its peak at 7 rounds of processing, and then weakened. Crude saponin content was the highest (6.17%) after the 5th processing. Polyphenol content and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) were the highest at the 3rd and 5th procedures, respectively. Repeated processing weakened the grass and root odors and the bitter, astringent, and metallic tastes, whereas it strengthened the sweet and savory odors, caramel flavor, and richness.