• Title/Summary/Keyword: 열처리된 혐기성 슬러지

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Investigation of the Optimum Operational Condition of Bio-Hydrogen Production from Waste Activated Sludge (폐활성 슬러지로부터 생물학적 수소 생산을 위한 최적 조건 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-Kun;Lee, Yun-Jie;Yu, Myong-Jin;Pak, Dae-Won;Kim, Mi-Sun;Sang, Byoung-In
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.362-367
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    • 2006
  • Waste activated sludge(WAS) collected from domestic wastewater treatment plant is biomass that contains large quantities of organic matter. However, relevant literature show that the bio-hydrogen yield using WAS was too low. In this study, the effect of pretreatment of WAS on hydrogen yield was investigated. Pretreatment includes acid and alkali treatments, grinding, heating, ozone and ultrasound methods. After pretreatment organic matters of WAS were solubilized and soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD) was increased by 14.6 times. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of pre-treatment methods and buffer solution, hydrogen partial pressure, and sodium ion on hydrogen production from WAS by using heated anaerobic mixed cultures. Experimental results showed that addition of buffer solution, efficient pre-treatment method with alkali solution, and gas sparging condition markedly increased the hydrogen yield to 0.52 mmol $H_2/g$-DS.

Pretreatment of Waste-activated Sludge for Enhancement of Methane Production (메탄발효 효율향상을 위한 하.폐수 슬러지의 전처리 기술)

  • NamKung, Kyu-Cheol;Jeon, Che-Ok
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.362-372
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    • 2010
  • Although different disposal routes of waste-activated sludge are possible, anaerobic digestion plays an important role for its abilities to further transform organic matter into methane. The potential of using methane as energy source has long been widely recognised and the present paper extensively reviews the principles of anaerobic digestion, the process parameters and hydrolysis. Hydrolysis is recognised as rate-limiting step in the complex digestion process. To accelerate the digestion and enhance the production of biogas, various pre-treatments can be used to improve the rate-limiting hydrolysis. These treatments include mechanical, thermal, chemical and biological interventions to the feedstock. All pre-treatments result in a lysis or disintegration of sludge cells, thus releasing and solubilizing intracellular material into the water phase and transforming refractory organic material into biodegradable species. The reader will finally be guided to extensive discussion for anaerobic digestion processes.

Two-stage Biological Hydrogen Production form Organic Wastes and Waste-waters and Its Integrated System (유기성 폐기물 및 폐수로부터 2단계 생물학적 수소생산 및 통합화 시스템)

  • Kim, Mi-Sun;Yoon, Y.S.
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.52-64
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    • 2002
  • 유기성 폐기물을 이용하여 생물학적 수소생산 통합화 시스템 연구를 수행하였다. 통합화 시스템은 유기성폐기물의 전처리, 2단계 혐기발효 및 광합성 배양으로 구성된 생물학적 수소생산 공정, 초임계수 가스화 공정, 생산된 가스의 저장, 분리 및 연료전지를 이용한 전력 생산으로 구성되었다. 실험에 사용된 유기성 폐자원은 식품공장 폐수, 과일폐기물, 하수슬러지이며, 전처리는 폐기물에 따라 열처리 및 물리적 처리를 하였으며, 전처리된 시료는 생물학적 수소생산 공정에 직접 적용되었다. Clostridium butyricum 및 메탄 생성조에서 발생하는 하수슬러지중의 미생물 복합체는 수소생산 혐기 발효공정에 사용되었으며, 광합성 수소생산 미생물인 홍색 비유황 세균은 광합성 배양에 사용되었다. 생물학적 공정에서 발생하는 미생물 슬러지는 초임계수 가스화 공정으로 수소를 발생하였으며, 슬러지 중의 COD를 저하시켰다. 생물학적 공정 및 초임계수 가스화 공정에서 발생하는 수소는 가스탱크에 가입상태로 저장한 후, 95%순도로 분리하였으며, 정제된 수소는 연료전지에 연결하여 전력 생산을 하였다.

Effect of Heat Treatment of Sewage Sludge on Solubilization and Thermophilic Acid fermentation efficinecy (하수슬러지의 열처리에 의한 가용화효과 및 고온산발효의 분해효율에 미치는 영향 평가)

  • Park, Yongjin;Tsuno, Hiroshi;Hidaka, Taira;Kim, SeogKu
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.89-97
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    • 2007
  • In this study, thermalpretreatment was used to solubilize organic matter contained in sewage sludge before acid fermentation. By thermal pretreatment, solubilization of particulate CODcr, carbohydrate and protein increased. By thermal treatment at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes, CODcr solubilization efficiency of the primary sludge reached 8.3%. Meanwhile, for the secondary sludge, CODcr solubilization efficiency reached 16.5% because of high solubilization ratio of protein under the same pretreatment conditon. The results of anaerobic biodegradability test showed that both VFAs conversion ratio and hydrolysis rate of organic compounds in sewage sludge were improved by thermal pretreatment. Meanwhile, the optimum thermal pretreatment condition was varied with composition of organic compounds in sludge. In this study, the optimun thermal pretreatment condition of the primary sludge, containing high concentration of carbohydrate, was $80^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. Meanwhile, for the secondary sludge, mainly composed of protein, the sludge treated at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes showed the effective organic removal and VFAs production.

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Performance comparison of acidogenic fermentation and hydrogen fermentation using bench-scale leaching-bed reactors for food waste (벤치스케일 침출상 반응조를 이용한 음식폐기물 처리 시 신발효 및 수소발효의 거동특성 비교)

  • Han, Sun-Ki
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.97-105
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    • 2007
  • This study was conducted to compare the performances of acidogenic fermentation and hydrogen fermentation using bench-scale leaching-bed reactors for organic solid waste. Acidogenic fermenters were operated with dilution rates (D) of 2.0, 3.0 and $4.0d^{-1}$ after employing anaerobic sludge and hydrogen fermenters were operated with D of 2.0, 4.0 and $6.0d^{-1}$ after employing heat-treated anaerobic sludge. The highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) conversion efficiency (56.2%) was obtained in acidogenic fermentation with D of $3.0d^{-1}$. Only volatile fatty acid (VFA) was produced as a metabolite. On the other hand, hydrogen fermentation did not show higher COD conversion efficiency (49.3%) than acidogenic fermentation, but it produced hydrogen gas (5.1% of total COD) which was a clean and environmentally friendly fuel with a high energy yield. Therefore, either acidogenic fermentation or hydrogen fermentation could be applied to organic solid waste depending on the purpose of treatment, which could maximize the economics of anaerobic treatment.

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Continuous Anaerobic H2 Production with a Mixed Culture (혐기성 수소 생산 공정의 연속운전)

  • Kim, Sang-Hyoun;Han, Sun-Kee;Youn, Jong-Ho;Shin, Hang-Sik
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.70-76
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    • 2003
  • Continuous anaerobic hydrogen production with a mixed culture was investigated. With a sucrose concentration of 5g COD/L in the feed, hydrogen production exceeded $0.5mole\;H_2/mole\;hexose$ was found at the early stage, however it did not maintain longer than 9days. It was assumed that the failure was caused by insufficient active hydrogen producing bacteria in the reactor. Therefore, effects of pH control, repeated heat treatment and substrate concentration on sustainable continuous anaerobic hydrogen production was examined to find out operating conditions to sustainable hydrogen production. Decrease of hydrogen production was not overcome by only pH control at 5.3. Repeated heat treatment could recover hydrogen producing activity without any external inoculum supply. However, frequent heat treatment was needed because the treated sludge also showed the tendency in decrease of hydrogen production. With a sucrose concentration of 30g COD/L in the feed, hydrogen production maintained $1.0-1.4mole\;H_2/mole\;hexose$ in continuously stirred tank reactor and $0.2-0.3mole\;H_2/mole\;hexose$ in anaerobic sequencing batch reactor) for 24days. More than 90% of soluble organics in effluent was organic acids, in which n-butyrate was the most one.

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The Effect of Pre-treatment on the Anaerobic Digestion of waste Activated Sludge (하수슬러지의 혐기적 소화효율 향상을 위한 전처리 효과)

  • Kang, Chang-Min;Kim, Bong-Keun;Kim, In-Su;Kim, Byung-Tae
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.90-98
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    • 2001
  • The slow degradation rate of sewage sludge in anaerobic digesters is due to the rate limiting step of sludge hydrolysis. Therefore, the pre-treatment process had been carried out using acidic(pH 1.5, 3, 4, 5) and alkaline(pH9, 10, 13), thermal(50, 100, 150, $200^{\circ}C$) and ultrasonic treatment(400W, 20kHz, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60min). In the best conditions of each treatment, the SCOD ratio(%) of treated/untreared samples were increased 102% in acid(pH5), 986% in alkali(pH13), 959% in thermal($200^{\circ}C$) and 1123% in ultrasonic(35min) treatment. As the result, the ultrasonic treatment was most effective, followed by alkali, thermal, acidic treatment. In the effects of total gas productivity, the thermal($200^{\circ}C$) pretreatment was the highest, followed by thermal($150^{\circ}C$), ultrasonic(90min), alkaline(pH9) and ultrasonic(50min).

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The study on increasing of biodegradability by pre-treatment of municipal wasted sludge in anaerobic digestion process (도시하수슬러지의 전처리에 따른 혐기성 소화공정의 생분해율 향상에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Chang-Min
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.87-95
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    • 2002
  • The slow degradation rate of sludge in anaerobic digestion is due to rate-limiting step of sludge hydrolysis. To upgrading of sludge hydrolysis and biodegradabiliry, the pre-treatment had been carried out using acidlc (pH 1.5, 3, 4, 5) and alkaline (pH 9, 10, 13), thermal (50, 100, 150, $200^{\circ}C$), and ultrasonic treatment (400W, 20kHz, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90min). In the best conditions of each treatment, the Soluble SCOD Ratio(%)of treated/untreated sample were increased 102% in acid (pH5), 986% in alkali (pH 13), 595% in thermal ($200^{\circ}C$) and 1123% in ultrasonic (35min) treatment. As the result, the ultrasonic treatment was most effective, followed by alkali, thermal, acid treatment. In the effects of total gas productivity in vial test, the thermal ($200^{\circ}C$) pre-treatment was the highest, followed by thermal ($150^{\circ}C$), ultrasonic (90min), alkaline (pH 9), and ultrasonic (50min). We compared untreated samples and the most efficient pre-treatment samples(at $200^{\circ}C$, for 30min) on gas productivity with changes of HRT in continuous experiments IN thermal treated samples were 2.5 times in SCOD, 2 times in soluble protein and 3.3 times high in soluble carbohydrate than untreated ones. In gas productivity, the thermal treated samples were average 2 times high than untreated ones. And HRT 7 days was most effective. followed by HRT 10, HRT 15 days. But The gas productiviry of HRT 2.5 days was less than untreated, the reason of low gas productivity was come from high organic acids accumulation within reactor.

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Biological Hydrogen Production from Mixed Waste of Food and Activated Sludge (음식물쓰레기와 폐활성슬러지의 혼합물로부터 혐기성 바이오 수소 생산)

  • Chung, Chong Min;Hong, Seok Won;Park, Chul Hee;Kim, Young O;Lee, Sang Hyup
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.571-580
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    • 2008
  • The influence of bacterial stress on anaerobic hydrogen-producing microorganisms was investigated in batch tests using serum bottles. Several physical and chemical stresses (i.e., heating, adding methane producing inhibitor and chemical acidification) were adapted as a pretreament of the seed sludge. In this experiment, the cultivation temperature were set at mesophilic ($35^{\circ}C$) and thermophilic conditions ($55^{\circ}C$) with adjusting pH at 5, 6, and 7 when using the mixture of food waste and activated sludge as a substrate. In conjunction with the pretreatment, hydrogen production was significantly enhanced as compared with that from untreated sludge. However, less biogas (hydrogen and methane) was produced without the pH control, resulted from the decrease of pH to below 4, mainly due to the formation of VFAs. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide gas were analyzed as main components of the biogas while methane not detected. With an application of chemical acidification, the highest hydrogen production value of 248 ml/l/day achieved at pH 7 and $35^{\circ}C$. In addition, more hydrogen gas produced when the ratio of butyric/acetic acid ratio increased. The optimum pH and temperature for hydrogen production were found to be 7 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively.