• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6B
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• pp.635-642
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• 2008

The influence of unsubmerged resistance bodies in a channel turbulence flow on energy loss was investigated by hydraulic experiments. Square-shaped multi-piers were used for unsubmerged structure or rigid vegetation in an open channel. In experimental channel flows multi-piers were arranged in double or single row along the channel direction, and mean-concept uniform elevations were attained and measured with a set of discharges and channel slopes. Applying the experimental results to the Manning equation, the equivalent resistance coefficient n, which implicates flow resistance and energy loss due to bottom friction as well as drag, was evaluated with varying the interval of piers and the uniform water depth. And the experimentally evaluated n values were compared with the semi-theoretical formula of the equivalent resistance coefficient derived from momentum analysis including a drag interaction coefficient. From the comparisons it was found that the interaction effect of piers on flow resistance was significant for the overall energy losses in a channel flow. The n values decrease when the interval of piers in flow-direction is less than about 2.2 times of the pier width. And it was also found that the n values increase with the 2/3 power of water depth in the theoretical formula, since the drag interaction coefficient was found to be mostly dependent on the interval of piers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.95-103
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• 1998

오늘날 전기 철도 차량의 속도제어방식에는 A.C모터의 속도를 제어하는 방식을 많이 사용하고 있고 이 경우 여러 개의 GTO thyristor와 다이오드가 필요하다. 그런데 이러한 반도체 소자들은 전기 부하의 일부를 저항열로 소모하며 반도체의 용량에 따라 차이가 있으나 전기 철도 차량의 경우 약 1~2㎾의 열이 발생한다. 따라서 이들 소자들이 적정온도범위(100~12$0^{\circ}C$미만)를 유지하기 위해서는 소자의 내부저항열을 외부로 방출시켜야 한다. 지난 30여 년 동안 이러한 반도체 소자 냉각에는 강제대류, 침적 비등, 히트파이프식 냉각방법이 적용되어 왔다. 최근에는 히트파이프식 냉각방법이 유지보수, 크기 및 중량 등 여러 측면에서 상대적으로 유리하기 때문에 히트파이프식 냉각방법을 주로 사용하고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.26-31
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• 2007

통신용 전자기기에서 대부분의 열은 증폭기에서 발생한다. 일반적으로 증폭기를 냉각하기 위하여 공랭식을 사용하여 발생하는 많은 열을 냉각하였다. 그러나 전통적인 방법은 고성능 콤팩트화 되어가는 추세에서 발열되는 열을 충분히 냉각하기는 부족하다. 본 논문은 고발열 전자부품 냉각을 위해서 수냉식 방법을 사용하였다. 열전달 효율을 높이기 위하여 냉각판에 직접 냉각수를 흐르게하여 접촉저항을 줄였다. 그리고 냉각판의 유로에 대한 배열과 유량의 비의 효과를 조사하였다. 연구를 수행한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 냉각수 순환량이 $3{\iota}/min$인 경우, 유로 직경이 8 mm일 때의 냉각 성능이 10 mm일 때보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 냉각수 순환량이 $3{\iota}/min$인 경우, 유로 직경이 8 mm일 때의 발열 소자 표면 온도 분포가 더욱 안정적으로 나타났으며, 상하부에 설치된 발열 소자 표면 온도가 더 낮게 나타났다. 동일한 유로 직경의 냉각판에서, 열유속 증가에 따른 냉각수의 전열 성능 증가로 인해 전체 발열량의 증가율보다 발열 소자의 온도 증가율이 낮게 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.17-33
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• 2011

Recently, the utilization of recycled aggregates for backfilling a power transmission pipeline trench has been considered due to the issues of eco-friendly construction and a lack of natural aggregate resource. It is important to identify the physical and thermal properties of domestic recycled aggregates that can be used as a backfill material. This paper evaluated thermal properties of concrete-based recycled aggregates with various particle size distributions. The thermal properties of the recycled aggregates and river sand provided by local vendors were measured using the transient hot wire method and the transient needle probe method after performing the standard compaction test. The needle probe method considerably overestimated the thermal resistivity of recycled aggregates especially at the dry of optimum water content because of experiencing disturbance while the needle probe is being inserted into the specimen. Similar to silica sand, the thermal resistivity of recycled aggregates decreased when the water content increased at a given dry density. Also, this paper evaluated some of the existing prediction models for the thermal resistivity of recycled aggregates with the experimental data, and developed a new prediction model for recycled aggregates. This study shows that recycled aggregates can be a promising backfill material substituting for natural aggregates when backfilling the power transmission pipeline trench.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.664-671
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• 2006

We propose the correlation to predict the spreading thermal resistance on a plate with symmetrical four heat sources. The correlation transforms four heat sources to a single equivalent heat source and then the spreading thermal resistance can be obtained with the existing equation for a single heat source. When the four heat sources are mounted on a square base plate, the correlation is expressed as a function of the heat source size, the length of base plate, the plate thermal conductivity and the distance between heat sources. Compared to the results of three-dimensional numerical analysis, the spreading thermal resistance by the proposed correlation is in good agreement within 10 percent accuracy.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.528-533
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• 2021

This paper presents the PCB heat dissipation characteristics of high density DC-DC converter for electric vehicles. This paper also analyzes the heat dissipation structure of the high density DC-DC converter and optimizes the PCB heat dissipation design of the high density power system through thermal analysis simulation. Based on heat transfer theory, the thermal path of general electronic devices is analyzed and the thermal resistance equivalent circuit is modeled in this paper. Additionally, the thermal resistance equivalent circuit of the 500W synchronous buck converter, which is addressed in this paper, is modeled to present a structural heat dissipation path for better thermal performance. The validity of the proposed scheme is verified through the thermal analysis simulation results and experiments applying multi-surface heat dissipation structure to a 500[W](12[V], 41.67[A]) synchronous buck converter prototype with an input voltage 72[V].

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.181-189
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• 1996

회전열파이크는 전기모터, 고온가스터빈 등의 냉각에 이용함으로써 성능개선을 얻을 수 있다는 점에서 지난 20년 동안 많은 연구가 이루어져왔다. 그동안 내부벽면형상개발은 Taper를 설치하거나, 계단식 단면변화 또는 Impeller설치와 같은 기술들이 연구되었다. 본 연구는 회전 열파이프 용기내벽에 Coil Insert를 설치하여 응축액막 유동효과에 대한 가시화실험 및 열전달 성능실험을 통하여 그 특성을 검토하였고 아래와 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 1) Pool 영역에서는 Coil Insert에 의한 축방향 펌프효과가 매우 크며, 그 효과는 나선각이 클수록 크게 나타난다. 2) Coil Insert는 Pool에서 환상류로 천이를 촉진시키며, 나선각이 클수록 그 효과가 크게 나타난다. 3) Coil insert 열파이프의 열저항에 미치는 효과는 크지 않은 것으로 보인다. 4) Coil Insert에 의해 Dry-out한계의 증가가 예상되지만, 실험장치의 열부하한계에 의해 확인할 수 없었다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.205-215
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• 1997

An accurate transpiration model for greenhouse tomato crop, which is liable to transpiration depression and yield loss because of low solar radiation and high humidity, could be an efficient tool for the optimum control of greenhouse climate and for the optimization of Irrigation scheduling. The purpose of this study was to develop transpiration model of greenhouse tomato and to carry out the experimental verification. The formulas to calculate the canopy transpiration and temperature simultaneously were derived from the energy balance of canopy. Transpiration and microclimate variables such as net radiation, solar radiation, humidity, canopy and air temperature, etc. were simultaneously measured to estimate parameters of model equations and to verify the suggested model. Leaf boundary layer resistance was calculated as a function of Nusselt number and stomatal diffusive resistance was parameterized by solar radiation and leaf-air vapor pressure deficit. The equation for stomatal diffusive resistance could explain more than 80％ of its variation and the calculated stomatal diffusive resistance showed good agreements with the measured values in situations independent of which the constants of the equation were estimated. The canopy net radiation calculated by Stanghellini's model with slight modification agreed well with the measured values. The present transpiration model, into which afore-mentioned component equations were assembled, was found to predict the canopy temperature, instantaneous and daily transpiration with considerable accuracy in greenhouse climates.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.542-548
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• 2008

A thermal mass air flow sensor (MAFS), which consists of a micro-heater and thermo-resistive sensors on the silicon-nitride ($Si_3N_4$) thin membrane structure, is micro-fabricated by MEMS processes. Two thermo-resistive temperature sensors are located at $100{\mu}m$ upstream and downstream from the micro-heater respectively. The thermal characteristics are measured to find the best measurement indicator. The micro-heater is operated under constant power condition, and four flow indicators are investigated. The normalized temperature indicator shows good physical meaning and is easy to use in practice. It is found that the configurations and heating power of thermal-resistive elements are the dominant factors to determine the range of the flow measurement in the MAFS with higher sensitivity and accuracy.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.569-582
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• 2023

Lead-acid Battery is the oldest rechargeable battery system and has maintained its position in the rechargeable battery field. The battery causes thermal runaway for various reasons, which can lead to major accidents. Therefore, preventing thermal runaway is a key part of the battery management system. Recently, research is underway to categorize thermal runaway battery cells into machine learning. In this paper, we present a thermal runaway hazard cell detection and verification algorithm using DBSCAN and statistical method. An experiment was conducted to classify thermal runaway hazard cells using only the resistance values as measured by the Battery Management System (BMS). The results demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed algorithms in accurately classifying thermal runaway cells. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm was able to classify thermal runaway cells between thermal runaway hazard cells and cells containing noise. Additionally, the thermal runaway hazard cells were early detected through the optimization of DBSCAN parameters using a grid search approach.