• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.624-629
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• 2007

Hizikia fusiforme(sea weed fusiforme) has long been used for food source in this country. This study was performed to evalute the immunomodulative effects of Hizikia fusiforme (sea weed fusiforme) in mouse, using in vivo experiments. In vivo experiment, different concentration (0, 50, 500 mg/kg B.W.) of Hizikia fusiforme water extracts were orally administrated into mouse every other day for two weeks. The proliferation of mouse splenocytes, the production of three cytokines ($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha})$ secreted by activated macrophage. Splenocyte proliferation was enhanced in mouse orally administrated with 50 mg/kg B.W. and 500 mg/kg B.W. concentration compared to that of control group. Especially, the highest proliferation of spleoncyte was seen from the mouse orally administrated at the concentration of 50 mg/kg B.W. Also, the mouse of Hizikia fusiforme water extracts supplementation group in the both concentrations showed enhanced levels of cytokine production by activated peritoneal macrophages compared to those in control group. The highest level of cytokine ($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha})$ production was observed at 50 mg/kg B.W. supplementation group with LPS stimulation in all cases.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2001

Through alkaline hydrothermal activation processes, Na-A type zeolite was synthesized as a single phase withfunnel-glass waste from a television tube factory. The autoclaving was performed in a closed teflon vessel in therange of 80~95"C. The silica-rich solution as a starting material was hydrothermally synthesized with quartz in INNaOH by heating 350"C under the pressure of 1,500 atm. NaA102 was made from NaOH and Al(OH)3 by heating95"c for 2~3 hours and the molar ratios of it were Na20/A1203=1.4 and H20Ha20=8. The equi-dimensional Atype zeolite (1 ~2 U) was formed by the simple mixing of'the silica-rich solution, glass waste and NaA102 for I~3hours-heating at 80"C. The characterization of the reaction product shows Na-A as a single phase. The synthesizedzeolite has cube-dodecahedral form and Ca2+ ion exchange capacity of the Na-A was in the range of 215~220mequivalent/100 g.20mequivalent/100 g.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.240-251
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• 1992

To find antitumor components from higher fungi, the cultured mycelia of Paxillus atrotomentosus were extracted with hot water. The water soluble fraction was purified and separated by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration method. The separated fractions(Fr.) were designated CR A, B, C and D. Fr. A showed the highest inhibition ratio of 68.51% among the five tractions at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day. When Fr. A was examined for immunopotentiation activity, it increased the amount of the superoxide anion from activated macrophages to 1.1 fold and the number of plaques in hemolytic plaque assay to 2.3 fold, respectively. Otherwise, it did not show direct cytotoxity in sarcoma 180. Delayed type hypersensitiyity reaction showed that the decreased footpad swelling of tumor-hearing was restored to the normal. These results indicate that antitumor activity was exerted through immunopotentiation. Its chemical analysis showed 86.36% polysaccharide, 1.52% protein and 1.64% hexosamine. The polysaccharide consisted of fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose. This component was named paxillan.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.221-233
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• 2004

Mineralogical characteristics and genesis of phlogopite in the talc deposits of the chungnam area were studied. Mica is one of the major impurity of talc ores in the study area. Talc-related micas show typical phlogopite composition, whereas talc-unrelated micas show wide compositional variations between biotite and phlogopite. Phlogopite mainly occurs in the black-wall type zone, especially in the nodular talc ores near the outer part of talc ore bodies. Interleaving textures of phlogopite and chlorite are easily observed under the optical microscope and back-scattered electron images. Interleaving textures of phlogopite and talc are observed also. Examination of the phlogopite by transmission electron microscope reveals that 14 $\AA$ layers of chlorite are randomly interlayered within the 10 $\AA$ layers of phlogopite, which suggests that the genesis of phlogopite is closely related to chlorite. Considering the occurrence and mineralogical characteristics of phlogopite, and the possible origin of K for the formation of phlogopite, phlogopite of the study area was formed by interaction between talc ore body and hydrothermal solution containing sufficient K at the late stage of talc formation. K might be introduced from the granitic gneiss at the contact zone between the talc ore body and the granitic gneiss under favorable structural condition for the potash metasomatism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.84-88
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• 2011

Some thermally processed foods have higher biological activities due to their various chemical changes during heat treatment. Especially, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is derived from dehydration of sugars and has been identified in processed garlic. The biological function of HMF have revealed as antisickling agent and thyrosinase inhibitor. This study was carried out to examine the formation of HMF and free sugars from the aged garlics when it is treated at 60 and $75^{\circ}C$ and different incubation periods from 7 to 35 days. HMF and free sugars from the hot-water extracts of aged garlics were analyzed with GC/MS, LC/MS, and HPLC. The amount of HMF was higher than at $75^{\circ}C$ and increasing incubation period. Among free sugars, the only fructose except glucose and sucrose was formed and converted to HMF at high temperature and long incubation period. However, fructose formed in low temperature during making of aged garlic was rarely converted to HMF. This result indicates that formation of HMF can be dependent on the temperature and incubation period for making aged garlic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Acer tegmentosum Maxim (ATM) is known as traditional medicine for treatment of hepatic disorders such as hepatitis, related-inflammatory disease, and hepatic cancer. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ATM extracted with $80^{\circ}C$ water or 95% ethanol. Antioxidant activities of ATM extracts were measured based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, total polyphenolic compound contents, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. The anti-inflammatory effects of ATM extract were assayed on release of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, and interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages. In these experiments, 95% ethanol extract of ATM showed stronger antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects than water extract. Therefore, we determined the effects of ATM ethanol extract on an animal model of sepsis. Seven days oral gavage of ATM ethanol extract followed by LPS stimulation reduced the protein levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ in serum as well as mRNA levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and interleukin-6 in intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, ATM ethanol extract reduced DNA damage in mouse lymphocytes. These results indicate that ATM extract has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in vitro and in vivo effects and may be developed as a potential food material for prevention of inflammatory diseases.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.245-253
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the biological effects of organic soybean extracts. Cellular and molecular analysis was performed to determine anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects of soybean extracts. First, we obtained various solvent extracts of soybean such as water, ethanol, and methanol. Molecular and cellular analysis were performed with 0.1 mg/ml concentration of each solvent extracts. The results of anti-oxidative, antiinflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of organic soybean extracts were prominent. However, organic soybean extracts were not observed in anti-allergic effects determined by releasing histamine from rat mast cell line, RBL-2H3. Conclusively, organic soybean suppress inflammatory responses. In addition, organic soybean could be applied as a functional food ingredient for treatment of chronic inflammation, asthma, and atopic dermatitis with enhanced anti-inflammatory activities.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.169-176
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• 2015

Objectives : This study is to investigate the effects of Rhizoma drynariae aqueous extract(RDA) on cell cytotoxicity, Nitric Oxide (NO) and Prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ production and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl ghdrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging capability. Methods : Cell cytotoxicity was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. The production of NO was measured by Griess assay. The production of $PGE_2$ was measured by immunoassay. And, the anti-oxidant activity was measured by the DPPH method. Results : Cell cytotoxicity in 50, 100, 200 and $400{\mu}g/ml$ RDA did not increase significantly compared to the RDA untreated group. RDA($200{\mu}g/ml$ and $400{\mu}g/ml$) inhibited NO and $PGE_2$ production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. RDA had high DPPH free radical scavenging capability. Conclusions : This study indicates that RDA inhibits NO and $PGE_2$ production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and improve DPPH free radical scavenging capability. RDA may have an anti-inflammation effect and an anti-oxidant activity.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.515-522
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• 2002

Solid beta-dicalcium silicate hydrate $(\beta-C_2SH)$ synthesized under hydrothermal conditions at $240^{\circ}C$ and Ca/Si=2 molar ratio shows cation exchange properties towards divalent metal cations such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, or Pb. The ability of metal cation uptake by the solid was found to be in the order: $Fe^{2+}$〉$Cu^{2+}$〉$Zn^{2+}$〉$Cd^{2+}$ = $Pb^{2+}$. Cesium selectivity of the solid was demonstrated in the presence of univalent cation such as $Li^+$, $Na^+$ and $K^+$ and divalent cations such as $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Ba^{2+}$, which are one hundred times more concentrated than the $Cs^+$. The uptake of $Cs^+$ is maximum in the presence of $Mg^{2+}$ whereas it is minimum in the presence of $K^+$. The different affinities of ${\beta}-C_2SH$ towards divalent metal cations can be used for the separation of those ions. Due to its selectivity for cesium it can be used in partitioning of radioactive Cs+ from nuclear wastes containing numerous cations. The mechanism of the metal cation exchange and cesium selectivity reactions by the solid is studied.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 1993

The geology of the talc ore deposits in the Chungju area consists of the Kyemyeongsan Formation, the Munjuri Formation, the Daehyangsan Quartzite, the Hyangsanni Dolomite, and the basic rocks of the Ogcheon belt. The talc ore occurs in the Hyangsanni Dolomite near the Daehyangsan Quartzite The mineral assemblages in the Hyangsanni Dolomite are \circled1calcite-tremolite-talc-quartz, \circled2calcite-talc-quartz, \circled3tremolite-calcite-dolomite, and \circled4calcite-dolomite-phlogopite-chlorite. Talc has almost the ideal composition($X_{Mg}$=Mg/(Fe+Mg)=0.98). Talc was formed in siliceous dolomite by the medium-pressure type regional metamorphism. The evidences for contact metamorphism and/or hydrothermal reaction are not clear. The metamorphic grade of the Hyangsanni Dolomite and its adjacent pelitic or basic rocks near the deposits corresponds to epidote-amphibolite facies or greenschist facies based on the, mineral assemblages of \circled1hornblendebiotite-muscovite-epidote-quartz \circled2biotite-chlorite-quartz, and \circled3hornblende-actinolite-plagioclasequartz. The formation of the talc deposits were caused by the following reactions due to greenschist facies metamorphism of siliceous-dolomitic rocks in the Hyansanni Dolomite. (I) 3 dolomite+4 quartz+$H_2O$= talc+ 3 calcite +3 $CO_2$; (11) 3 tremolite+ 2 $H_2O$+ 6 $CO_2$= 5 talc+ 6 calcite + 4 quartz. The minimum temperature of the talc-tremolite-quartz assemblage is about $434^{\circ}C$ from calcite thermometry and the carbon dioxide mole fraction in metamorphic fulid($X_{$CO_2$}$) is about 0.1 at assumed pressure, 3 kbar.