• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.597-602
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• 1992

To improve utilization of boxthorn (Lycii Fructus), the boxthron and mixed boxthron (Lycii Fructus, Schizandrae Fructus, Corni Fructus, Zizyphi Fructus, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Cinnamami Cortex) hot-water extractable concentrates were prepared by vaccum evaporation and its rheological properties were investigated. The rheological properties of concentrates $(20{\sim}50^{\circ}Bx)$ followed power low model and showed a pseudoplastic behavior at the temperature range of $20{\sim}60^{\circ}C$. The apparent viscosity of $20^{\circ}Bx$, $30^{\circ}Bx$, $40^{\circ}Bx$ and $50^{\circ}Bx$ boxthron hot-water extractable concentrate was 0.0074 Pa s, 0.0175 Pa s, 0.0431 Pa s and 0.0988 Pa s, that of mixed boxthorn hot-water extractable concentrate was 0.0099 Pa s, 0.0328 Pa s, 0.0720 Pa s and 0.1940 Pa s at $20^{\circ}C$ and 1500 l/s, respectively. The yield stress of boxthron and mixed boxthron hot-water extractable concentrates ranged from 0.045 to 6.253 Pa and from 0.022 to 8.891 Pa, respectively. The activation energy for the flow of boxthron and mixed boxthorn hot-water extractable concentrates increased from 1.6182 to $2.0543{\times}10^7\;J/kg{\cdot}mol$ and from 1.7057 to $2.1462{\times}10^7\;J/kg{\cdot}mol$ with the concentrations of concentrates, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.852-857
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• 2008

The effects of Bulnesia sarmienti water extract on lipid metabolism were investigated in type-1 diabetes rats. The rats were fed a basal diet and B. sarmienti water extract for 8 weeks. The rats were randomly assigned to each treatment group: normal, control, three kinds of treatment group (BWO: 0.45 mg/ml, BW1: 0.9 mg/ml, BW2: 1.8 mg/ml). After 8 weeks of experimental diets consumption, the body weights and food efficiency ratio of B. sarmienti water extract fed groups were not change with those in the control group. The concentration in plasma total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride were significantly decrease in the B. sarmienti water extract groups compared with those in the control group. Although it was not possible to observe blood glucose control effects of eight weeks of B. sarmienti water extract feeds in type-1 diabetes model, it was discovered that the feeds are highly effective in lowering the levels of blood lipid substances triglycerides, total-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.764-772
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• 2011

Hot-water and 70%-ethanol Smilax china leaf extracts were prepared, and their total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, DPPH-radical-scavenging ability, nitrite-scavenging ability, and antimicrobial activity were determined. The total polyphenol contents of the hot-water and ethanol extract were $5.433{\pm}0.171$ and $13.060{\pm}0.110mg/g$, respectively; their flavonoid contents were $1.599{\pm}0.017$ and $3.005{\pm}0.084mg/g$; their DPPH-radical-scavenging abilities, assayed at 1.0 mg/mL, were 33.6 and 92.3%; and their nitrite-scavenging abilities, assayed at 0.1-2.0 mg/mL, were 37.9-61.6 and 38.4-77.8%. The 70%-ethanol extract showed higher antimicrobial activity than the hot-water extract. The antimicrobial activities were high in Bacillus cereus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella typhymurium, and Staphylococcus aureus, in that order. The antimicrobial substances in the two extracts were maintained after heating at $65-125^{\circ}C$ for 30 min.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.397-403
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• 2020

This study was carried out to investigate the free amino acid and derivatives and phenolic acid and flavonoid compositions and contents of hot water and 95% ethanol extracts of Imperata cylindrica Beauvois var. koenigii root. The purpose of this study is to obtain basic data and to confirm their applicability as functional cosmetic and functional food ingredients on extracts. 15 kinds and 9 kinds of free amino acids were detected in both extracts, respectively. 5 kinds and 4 kinds of protein free-amino acid derivatives were detected in both extracts, respectively. Total phenol contents were 116.50 ± 0.06 and 140.10 ± 0.04 mg% in both extracts, respectively. The total flavonoid contents were 31.80 ± 0.03 and 43.90 ± 0.05 mg% in both extracts, respectively. 5 kinds and 6 kinds of phenolic acids were detected in both extracts, respectively. In the case of flavonoid analysis, no flavonoid compound was detected in the hot water extract while taxifolin was identified in the 95% ethanol extract. Based on the above results, the hot water and 95% ethanol extracts of I. cylindrica Beauvois var. koenigii root are rich in free amino acids, amino acid derivatives, phenolic acids and flavonoids which confirm their potential for applications in cosmeceuticals, nutricosmetics formulations and functional foods.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Plantago asiatica var. densiuscula Pilg. water extracts(PWE) on fat metabolism of rats and prevention to cardiovascular disease. Male Spague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups consisting of the control group(N), $CCl_4$(T), Plantago asiatica var. densiuscula Pilg.(P), Plantago asiatica var. densiuscula Pilg. after injection of $CCl_4$(TP) and $CCl_4$ after injection of Plantago asiatica var. densiuscula Pilg.(PT) at the level of 0.5%. After 6 weeks of feeding serum lipid levels were measured for experimental rats and analyzed enzyme activity(EA). Rats were divided into five groups of 6 animals. The enzyme activities of ALT, AST, LDH and ALP increased by administration of $CCl_4$ group and decreased by Plantago asiatica var. densiuscula Pilg. water extracts. Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in serum increased by administration of $CCl_4$ group and decreased by Plantago asiatica var. densiuscula Pilg. water extracts. And, HDL-cholesterol decreased by $CCl_4$ group and significantly increased by TP group(p＜0.05) Total lipid, triglyceride and phospholipid in serum decreased by P group as compared to T group(p＜0.05). Considering all results obtained throughout this experiments, it can be concluded that Plantago asiatica var. densiuscula Pilg. water extracts wald improve the liver fuction and enzyme activity.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.744-750
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• 2015

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of hot water and ethanol extracts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner flower on lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with both hot water and ethanol extracts for up to 8 days following standard induction of differentiation. Regarding anti-adipogenic activity, compared with the control, the hot water and ethanol extracts significantly inhibited lipid accumulation (37.4 and 66.6%, respectively) and ROS production (46.4 and 46.8%, respectively) during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Treatment with hot water and ethanol extracts significantly inhibited mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha ($C/EBP{\alpha}$), thereby reducing the mRNA expression of adipocyte-specific fatty acid binding protein (aP2). Moreover, both the extracts significantly inhibited mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX4). Overall, our research suggests that N. nucifera Gaertner flower extracts might be a valuable source of bioactive compounds that exhibit anti-adipogenic activity and could have applications in the field of medicine and food industry.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.768-774
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activities, alcohol metabolizing activities, nitrite scavenging ability, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and elastase inhibitory effects of hot water extract from Makgeoly (HWM). Antioxidant activities were measured by using 2,2.diphenyl.1.picryl.hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and SOD (superoxide dismutase).like activity. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD.like activity of HWM were remarkably increased in a dose.dependent manner and were 48.0% and 98.7% at 10 mg/ml, respectively. To determine the influence of HWM on alcohol metabolizing activity, the generating activities of reduced.nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were measured. The facilitating rates of ADH and ALDH activity by HWM were remarkably increased in a dose.dependent manner and were 70.2% and 64.1% at 10 mg/ml, respectively. The inhibitory activity against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) of HWM was increased in a dose.dependent manner and was 74.2% at 10 mg/ml. The nitrite scavenging ability of HWM showed the most remarkable effect at pH 1.2 and 2 mg/ml. These results indicated that HWM may have valuable biological properties owing to their antioxidant activities, ADH and ALDH activity, nitrite scavenging ability, and ACE inhibitory activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.732-736
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• 2002

The immunostimulating activities of the hot-water extract from Codonopsis lanceolata were investigated. The proliferation of BSA-primed lymph node cells was enhanced between 2.8- to 11.2-fold compare to control, when cultured with 1 to $25\;{\mu}g/mL$ of C. lanceolata extract. It showed strong immunopotentiating activity than ginseng extract and as remarkable as Bifidobacterium adolescentis M101-4 known as a positive immunostimulator. The proliferation of splenocytes and Peyer's patch cells was enhanced between 4.2- to 13.8-fold and 3.1- to 6.9-fold, respectively, when cultured with 1 to 25 $25\;{\mu}g/mL$ of C. lanceolata extract. It enhanced the production of cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 in the culture of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In the culture of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, production of cytokines was as compared to controls. In unstimulated RAW 264.7 cells, both $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 production were enhanced between 12.6- to 67.8-fold and 2.8- to 10.1-fold, respectively. The hot-water extract from C. lanceolata is expected to be a safe immunopotentiator to maintain the host immunity and develop a physiologically functional food.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.101-101
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• 2019

나고야 의정서가 국내에 본격 시행됨에 따라 전남산림자원연구소는 도내 유용 산림 자원의 주권 확립 및 자원 정보의 DB 구축을 위하여 산림생명자원 추출물은행을 운영 중에 있다. 그 일환으로 1차년 난대 수종 4종(동백, 비자, 편백, 황칠)의 부위(잎, 가지) 시기(1차:4월, 2차:7월, 3차:9월, 4차:11월) 용매별(열수, 에탄올) 추출물을 제작하여, 유효성분 및 생리활성의 분석을 실시하였다. 총 폴리페놀(Total Polyphenol) 함량을 150 ug/g 이상을 기준으로 분석 분류한 결과, 동백 잎(4차) 열수, 가지(1, 3차), 잎(4차) 에탄올, 비자 잎(3, 4차) 열수, 가지(2, 3차), 잎(1, 3, 4차) 에탄올, 편백 가지(3차) 열수, 잎(3차), 가지(2, 3차) 에탄올, 황칠 잎(2, 3, 4차) 에탄올 추출물에서 높은 함량의 총 폴리페놀을 확인 할 수 있었다. 다음으로, 프리라디칼(DPPH) 소거능을 측정하여 50 % 이상을 기준으로 분류한 결과, 동백(1~4차), 가지(1~3차) 열수, 잎(1~4차), 가지(1, 3, 4차) 에탄올, 비자 잎(3차) 열수, 잎(2, 4차) 에탄올, 편백 잎(3, 4차), 가지(1차) 열수, 잎(1~3차), 가지(1, 3, 4차) 에탄올, 황칠 잎(2~4차) 열수 추출물에서 높은 프리라디칼(DPPH) 소거능을 보여 주었다. 이와 같이, 수종별로 부위 시기 용매별 추출물에 따른 유효성분과 생리활성에 차이를 확인 할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 산업화 활용 시 채취 시기 및 부위를 특정 하는 자료로 도움 될 것으로 생각되며, 지속적으로 연계 추출 및 분석을 통해 보다 유의성 있는 자료 수집을 계속 진행 중 입니다. 이러한 산림생명자원 추출물은행의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 보다 심도 있게 반복적인 데이터를 수집 구축하고, 연구개발에 활용한다면, 고부가가치 임산 자원을 개발 및 산업화에 큰 도움이 되고 임업임 소득증대에 기여할 것이다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2023

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, whitening, moisturizing, wound-healing, cell proliferation and cell protective effects of 70% EtOH and hot water extract from Scutellaria baicalensis. For the anti-oxidative test, the 70% EtOH and hot water extract showed DPPH radical scavenging activities. In the anti-inflammatory tests, 70% EtOH and hot water extract inhibited the production of NO, pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) and prostaglandin (PGE₂). In addition, it was confirmed that the 70% EtOH and hot water extract inhibited the melanin production, and increased production of hyaluronic acid (HA), a moisturizing factor. As a result of cell migration and proliferation assay, 70% EtOH extract promoted the cell growth in HaCaT cell. Additionally, 70% EtOH and hot water extract showed cell protective effects against UVB, and 70% EtOH extract also showed cell protective effects agianst blue light. Based on these results, it is concluded that the 70% EtOH and hot water extract from Scutellaria baicalensis could be potentially applicable as anti-oxdiative, anti-inflammation, whitening, moisturizing, wound-healing, cell proliferation and cell protective effects in cosmetic natural materials.