• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2022

This study aimed to examine Korean listeners' mode of perceiving sound duration as prolongation, whether dichotomous or continuous. Thirty-five Korean participants (17 men and 18 women) listened to the Korean segment /s/, which was lengthened by 0-980ms in 20-ms increments. Then, the participants were asked to rate each version of the sound based on a rating of one to 100 (the closer to 100, the more disfluent). To examine whether listeners perceived durational variations for the fricative segment dichotomously or continuously, a curve was estimated using the best-fitting regression model for the observed data with the highest adjusted R-squared value. The mode of perceiving durational variations for the segment was continuous (or gradient) rather than discontinuous (or dichotomous). No gender difference was found in the mode of perceiving prolongation. However, there was a significant gender difference in that men rated the most disfluent sounds higher than women. The findings of this study were further discussed in relation to the existing literature, and clinical implications for the assessment of stuttering were presented.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.59-67
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• 2023

This study aimed to propose an appropriate evaluation method for the perceived level of speech disfluency based on sound prolongation (i.e., increased duration of segments). To this end, 34 Korean-speaking adults (9 males, 25 females, average age: 32.9 yrs.) participated as raters in this study. The participants listened to sentences containing a total of 25 stimuli with the Korean voiceless fricative /s/ extended by 80-ms increments up to 2,000 ms (i.e., 285 ms, 365 ms., ..., 2,125 ms, 2,205 ms), and evaluated them using an equal-appearing interval scale (EAI, 1-7 points, where 1 represents "normal" and 7 represents "severe"). Subsequently, based on the interval-scale results, the sentence stimuli with the prolonged voiceless fricative corresponding to the mild-to-moderate level (rated as 4 points) were selected as the reference modulus for direct magnitude estimation (DME). After scatter plots were created for the two evaluation results, the relationship between the two measured mean values was analyzed using a curve estimation method for the observed data with the highest R²-value to determine whether a linear or curvilinear approximation fit the data better. A curvilinear relationship between the two evaluation results was indicated, suggesting that DME is a more appropriate evaluation method than the EAI scale for assessing the perceived level of disfluency based on sound prolongation.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the contents of the sound environment among the various environmental factors that directly or indirectly affect the quality of education through the remodeling of the small hall of the College of Humanities at W University. Before remodeling into a lecture room, the small hall of the College of Humanities at W University, which is the subject of this study, was designed to create an indoor sound environment suitable for a lecture room by recognizing differences in acoustic performance between the performance halls that require adequate sound quality and the lecture rooms where the clarity of voice is important. Therefore, this study aimed to present examples of improved acoustic performance in lecture rooms by remodeling through the stages of measuring acoustic performance before remodeling, presentation of a change in finishing materials through sound simulation, and measurement of sound performance after remodeling. It is expected that this process can be used as an example of securing indoor acoustic performance suitable for educational space, such as lecture rooms, by changing the finishing materials.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.08a
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• pp.231-234
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• 1998

시간영역에서 유성음의 피치를 조절하기 위해 한피치구간의 신호 중에서 성문이 닫힌 구간의 특성을 추정한 파라미터로 성문 닫힌 구간의 신호에 연속하여 선형적으로 연장 또는 축소하므로써 고 음질을 유지하면서도 자유롭게 피치를 조절할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법은 PSOLA 기법에서와 같은 window의 적용이나 신호의 겹침에 의한 영향이 최소화되므로 보다 명료한 합성음을 얻을 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.40-49
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• 2020

Recently, the form of education has changed from one-way to two-way and mutual exchange rather than the existing one-way order form, and accordingly, it is necessary to consider creating a suitable learning environment for each type of education. The basic form of education consists of the delivery of knowledge, that is, the delivery of knowledge by teachers to education consumers through voice delivery, so the sound environment is considered an essential factor in creating a pleasant learning environment. The indoor sound environment is very closely related to the mental stress of the inmate, so the quality level of education will also change greatly depending on whether or not the appropriate sound environment is created. However, the importance of the sound environment in educational facilities such as classrooms has not been highlighted due to the lack of research and related laws on the sound environment. Therefore, in this study, auditory tests were conducted using the auralization based on the physical acoustic performance data presented in the preceding study. Through this, we wanted to verify the validity of this research by analyzing the subjective acoustic performance satisfaction of the occupants due to the improvement of the physical acoustic performance. Based on these research results, it is estimated that the improvement of the sound environment of educational facilities through remodeling in the future will be possible to verify whether the sound environment suitable for educational facilities is created only after the analysis stage on the improvement of subjective sound performance as well as physical sound performance.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.39
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• pp.701-748
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• 2019

Gwanak-yeongsanhoesang, called as Samhyeon-yeongsanhoesang or Pyojeongmanbangjigok, is played by the musical instrumental organization, Samhyeonyukgak or by a large scale wind ensemble added Sogeum and Ajaeng. This study aims to analyze the structure and form of Piri melody which plays major melody of Sangnyeongsan in Gwanak-yeongsanhoesang, and to examine the relationship between Piri melody and Daegeum yeoneum grasping the structure and function of yeoneum. In Sangnyeongsan of Gwanak-yeongsanhoesang, the criterion for grouping the phrases of Piri melody is yeoneum. Especially, Daegeum yeoneum carries out the function of finishing the phrase of Piri playing the major melody by ornamenting or extending it, and presenting the motives or motive elements of the next phrase while Piri rests. The types of a, b, g, and i in the various shapes of the minimum melodic fragment of Piri are important motive elements that constitute a phrase of Piri melody. Especially, main motive a-type (仲→無) contrasts with b type (林→潢) which forms a strong tension by transposing 2 degrees upward. In addition, a-type gradually descends towards the end of music by changing to g-type (仲→林) or to i-type (太→林) which is 3 degrees below, which is related to the gradual descent cadence of Korean traditional music. A phrase of Piri melody of Sangnyeongsan in Gwanak-yeongsanhoesang consists of a combination of the types a, b, g, i, and cadence (x-type), and each phrase is structured in the repeating tension-relaxation. Looking at the structure of Piri phrases by similar types, each phrase has a logical variation structure through the methods such as omission and addition of notes, and crossing of melodies. The shape of the minimum melodic fragment of Daegeum yeoneum can be divided into a back-yeoneum of a~b types and a front-yeoneum of x1~x3. The x-types ornament Jungnyeo (仲), the cadence tone of Piri melody or are simply used as the extending back-yeoneum, and types a and b have the function of a front-yeoneum that prepares the beginning of the next phrase of Piri melody. The combination types of the minimum melodic fragment of Daegeum yeoneum appear mostly as the shape of back-yeoneum + front-yeoneum. In addition, the front-yeoneum of the type a and b appears independently without back-yeoneum, and the x3 type has a shape of the back-yeoneum without the front-yeoneum. Looking at the structure of Daegeum yeoneum by similar types, it can be seen that Daegeum yeoneum is also composed of a variation structure of omission and addition of notes like Piri melody.

• 재활복지
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.67-82
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate relation and effect of PCC(Percentage of Correct Consonant) and nasalance score on the speech intelligibility and acceptability in adults with dysarthria by reading task of standardized passage. Ten adults with dysarthria and sixteen normal adults were participated in this study. PCC and nasalance score were measured through reading task of standardized passage. And, speech intelligibility and acceptability were examined using visual analogue criteria. The result of the study was as follows. First, the nasalance score of adults with dysarthria group is significantly higher than normal adults group in reading sample by standardized passage. Second, the PCC, speech intelligibility and acceptability shows significant correlation. However, the nasalance score doesn't show significant corelation with speech intelligibility and acceptability. These results suggest that PCC is closely related to speech intelligibility and speech acceptability, but nasalance score is not related to speech intelligibility and speech acceptability.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.116-116
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• 1997

배경 및 목적: 전신마취를 위하여 시행한 기관내 삽관은 삽관튜브와 성대내면의 접촉에 의한 압력과 마찰로 후두 미세한 손상을 주게된다. 저자들은 단기간 기관내 삽관 전,후의 음성분석을 통하여 손상의 유무와 회복을 측정할 수 있는 객관적인 음성지표를 찾아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 만성 중이염 수술시 전신마취를 목적으로 경구기관 튜브를 거치한 성인 남자 10명과 여자 15명 환자를 대상으로 수술 1일전과 술후 24시간 후 각각 "a"음을 연장 발성시켜 CSL 4300B (KAY elemetrics Corp)의 MDVP(multidimensional voice program)을 이용하여 harmonic to noise ratio(NHR), Jitter, Shimmer, Fundamental frequency를 측정 비교하였다. 결 과: 남녀 모두에서 Jitter, Shimmer는 각각 평균 0.70%에서 1.06%, 1.92%에서2.28%로 증가되는 경향을 보였으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. Fundamental frequency는 여자에서 평균 220Hz에서 221Hz로 남자는 125Hz에서 128Hz로 변화를 보이지 않았고 harmonic to noise ratio(NHR)또한 평균 0.11로 수술 전, 후 변화를 관찰할 수 없었다. 결 론: 이상의 결과로 2내지 6시간의 단기간 삽관으로 인한 성대의 손상은 경미하여 24시간 이내에 회복되는 것으로 판단된다. 향후 6시간 이상의 기관내삽관이나 수일이상의 장기간 삽관후의 음성지표의 측정등의 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1465-1474
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• 1994

For a vertical wall with standing waves on its front face, the unsteady flow in a flow conduit installed through the wall is analyzed. A nonlinear standing wave theory making use of Fourier expansion is applied, and the results are verified by a hydraulic experiment. It is found that the nonlinear theory better predicts the behavior of the flow compared to its linear counterpart. The investigation of the water transmissibility through the conduit shows that the variation of the flow rate becomes larger as the standing wave height and period increase and as the length of conduit decreases. The relationship is presented by a nondimensional equation. The net flow gain per one wave period, which is directly related to water exchanging capability of the conduit, appears to be negative in both theory and experiment when the conduit is located near the bottom. The maximal flow gain occurs in the conduit whose mouth is located at the still water level. In addition, it is shown that the longer wave period and the shorter conduit length are more effective in the water exchanging performance.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.5 s.95
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• pp.636-641
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• 2006

Jeolpyun with different amounts of added ramie (Ramie Jeolpyun) was prepared and the quality characteristics were examined. Texture profile analysis, Hunters color and total microbial counts were carried out during storage for 4 days. Sensory evaluation was carried out during storage for 2 days. The L value of Jeolpyun with 0% added ramie was one of the highest in the sample and increased with increasing storage time. In texture profile analysis, hardness, chewiness, gumminess were increased with increasing storage time. The hardness of Ramie Jeolpyun with 80% added ramie was one of the lowest in the samples. The total microbial counts of Ramie Jeolpyun were increased during storage. The results of sensory evaluation showed that Ramie Jeolpyun with 60% and 80% added ramie had a high score in color, flavor and softness.