• Title/Summary/Keyword: 연속 회분식 반응조

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Night Soil Treatment by Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (혐기성 연속 회분식 반응조에 의한 분뇨처리)

  • 허준무;박종안
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.75-84
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    • 2000
  • 운전 온도 $35^{\circ}C$, 평균 유기물부하 $3.1{\;}kgCOD/m^3/day$ 및 수리학적체류시간 10일에서 혐기성 연속회분식공정에 의한 분뇨처리를 수행하였다. 공정의 평가는 대조 소화조로 완전혼합형의 소화조와 병행하여 수행되었다. 본 실험에서 분뇨는 고농도의 암모니아성 질소와 침전성 고형물을 함유하고 있음에도 불구하고 희석 없이 소화가 가능하였다. 혐기성 연속회분식공정에서 고형물은 급속하게 증가하여 완전혼합형의 대조 소화조에 비하여 소화조내 고형물(biomass)의 농도가 2.4배로 증가하였고, 가스발생량에 있어서도 대조 소화조에 비해 현격한 증가를 보였으며 그 증가율은 205~220%에 달했다. 부가적인 침전 시설이 없이도 혐기성 연속회분식공정의 유출수질이 대조 소화조 보다 높게 나타났는데 상징액 기준으로 휘발성고형물 제거율은 혐기성 연속회분식공정이 대조 소화조 보다 12~14% 높았다. 한편, 혐기성 연속회분식공정의 운전인자로 반응/침강비(R/T ratio)를 조사한 결과 R/T비가 1인 경우가 3의 경우보다 가스발생량, 메탄함량 및 유기물 제거율이 약간 높았으나 큰 차이는 없었다. 위의 실험결과들로부터 혐기성 연속회분식공정은 고농도의 암모니아성 질소와 침전성 유기물을 함유하고 있는 분뇨의 처리에 효과적이고 안정적인 공정으로 판단된다.

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Studies on Whole Cell Immobilized Glucose Isomerase - II. Operational Studies on the Batchwise and Continuous Isomerization of D-Glucose - (포도당 이성화 효소의 세포 고정화에 관한 연구 - 제 2 보 : 회분식 및 연속 반응조를 사용한 포도당의 이성화 -)

  • Ahn, Byung-Yoon;Byun, Si-Myung
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.249-257
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    • 1979
  • Using the whole cell immobilized glucose isomerase which was prepared in the previous work (Korean J. Food Sci. & Technol., 11(3), 192 (1979), the specific activity of the immobilized enzyme was 48.1 units in the batch reaction system and 114 units in the continuous reaction system per g of matrix, respectively. In the continuous reactor the voidity was 0.36, which was suitable for the packed bed reactor. This immobilized enzyme showed a good operational stability of 115 days of half life which was sufficient for the continuous operation. The experimental result showed that 55 % of the substrate was converted to the product in the packed bed reactor. The productivity was dependent on the flow rate, column geometry, enzyme loading, and substrate concentration. An intrapaticle diffusion was observed by the effectiveness factor of 0.75 and interparticle diffusion by the decrease of Km' with increasing the superficial velocity.

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A Study on the Removal of TNT(2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) using Marsh and Pond Type Microcosm Wetland Systems (Marsh와 Pond 형태의 Microcosm 습지 시스템을 이용한 TNT(2,4,6-trinitrotoluene)의 분해 연구)

  • Choi, Jong-Kyu;Kim, Se-Kyung;Kang, Ho-Jeong;Zoh, Kyung-Duk
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.198-205
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    • 2005
  • This study was carried out to investigate the removal of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) in the batch and continuous type microcosm systems consisting of marsh and pond. First, the batch reactor study showed that TNT (10 mg/L) was completely removed in the marsh and pond system within 20 days. The major reductive metabolites of TNT include 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT), 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DANT), and 2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene (2,6-DANT). These metabolites concentration also decreased during further treatment. The continuous reactor systems combining marsh and pond indicated the similar pattern of TNT degadation and the metabolites production. Among the continuous reactor combinations, marsh-pond system showed more stable TNT removal and metabolites production. The toxicity of the effluent from the continuous system was examined by Microtox Assay using Vibrio fischeri. The result showed that the effluent toxicity was reduced below toxicity endpoint ($EC_{50}$) after continuous marsh pond system, indicating that metabolites of TNT are less toxic than TNT itself. Based on the results, TNT contaminated wastewater can be efficiently treated using marsh and pond wetland systems.

Acidogenesis of Lipids-Containing Wastewater in Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (혐기성 연속 회분식 반응조를 이용한 지질 함유 폐수의 산발효 특성)

  • Kim, Sang-Hyoun;Shin, Hang-Sik
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.31 no.12
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    • pp.1075-1080
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    • 2009
  • The partial lipid degradation with the saturation of double-bond at the acidogenesis stage is known to help subsequent methanogenesis during anaerobic digestion. Acidogenic reactions in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) and a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) were carried out to compare their performances. A mixture of two unsaturated (oleate and linoleate) and two saturated (palmitate and stearate) long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) was used as a model substrate. Biomass retention in the ASBR contributed to the enhanced performance at hydraulic retention time (HRT) below 15 hr. Biomass retention in the ASBR contributed to the enhanced performance compared to CSTR even at shorter HRT. ASBR would be a proper reactor configuration for the acidogenesis of lipid-containing wastewater.

Sonolysis of Trichloroethylene in a Continuous Flow Reactor with the Multi Ultrasound Irradiation (연속식 다중 초음파 반응조에서 TCE의 초음파 분해)

  • Lee, Min-Ju;Oh, Je-Ill
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.419-427
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    • 2009
  • To test applicability for continuous flow treatment of ultrasound technology, sonolysis of TCE aqueous solution using 584 kHz multi irradiation reactor was performed under batch and continuous flow conditions. Under batch condition (3 and 4 sides irradiation, 600 W), first order degradation rate constant of TCE was higher under 4 sides than 3 sides irradiation conditions, while the generation of $H_2O_2$ and chloride was similar under both irradiation conditions. Under continuous flow condition with 4 sides irradiation, removal efficiencies of TCE in steady-state were decreased from 83 to 48% with increasing flow rate from 67 to 300 mL/min at 600 W, and were increased from 14 to 75% with increasing acoustic power from 100 to 600 W at 100 mL/min. Removal efficiency of TCE in groundwater was decreased 10% compared to in distilled water at 100 mL/min and 600 W.

Long Term Operation of Biological Hydrogen Production in Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (ASBR) (생물학적 수소생산을 위한 혐기성 연속 회분식 반응조(ASBR)의 장기운전 특성)

  • Jeong, Seong-Jin;Seo, Gyu-Tae;Lee, Taek-Soon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2013
  • Long term hydrogen production was investigated in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) using mixed microflora. Glucose (about 8,250 mg/L) was used as a substrate for the ASBR operation under the condition of pH 5.5 and $37^{\circ}C$ with mixing at 150 rpm. The experiment was carried out over a period of 160 days. Hydrogen yield was 0.8mol $H_2/mol$ glucose with F/M ratio 2 at initial operation period. The hydrogen yield reached to maximum 2.6 mol $H_2/mol$ glucose at 80th day operation. However decreased hydrogen yield was observed after 80 days operation and eventually no hydrogen yield. Although well-known hydrogen producer Clostridium sp. was detected in the reactor by PCR-DGGE analysis, changed reactor operation was the major reason of the decreased hydrogen production, such as low F/M ratio of 0.5 and high propionic acid concentration 2,130 mg/L. Consequently the long period operation resulted in MLSS accumulation and then low F/M ration stimulating propionic acid formation which consumes hydrogen produced in the reactor.

Contactor Coupled Sequencing Batch Reactor for Nitrogen Removal (접촉조 결합형 연속회분식반응조를 이용한 질소제거)

  • Nam, Se-Yong;Lee, Sang-Min;Kim, Dong-Wook;Seo, Yong-Chan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.27 no.11
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    • pp.1141-1145
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    • 2005
  • A contactor coupled sequencing batch reactor composed of pre-anoxic contact zone and intermittently aerated zone was proposed and operated for nitrogen removal. Emphasis was placed on the fact that the contactor can be operated in a rapid reaction mode that results In biological uptake but incomplete metabolism of organic matter. Consequently, 61.2% of the sewage SCOD was adsorbed to activated sludge by 30-minute contact reaction. The specific uptake of organic matter was 22.3 mg SCOD/g MLVSS that enhanced the denitrification efficiency in the following denitrification stage. The removal efficiencies of the organic matter(SCOD) and the total nitrogen(T-N) were 86% and about 60% at the TCOD/TKN ratio as low as 6.0, respectively.