• 제목/요약/키워드: 연료처리장치

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The Effect of the Air Temperature and Air-assisted Pressure on the Fuel Droplet Atomization (분무 공간의 공기온도와 보조공기의 공급압력이 연료입자의 미립화에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Y.S.;Lee, J.S.;Yoon, S.H.;Chung, S.S.;Ha, J.Y.
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.16-24
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    • 1998
  • The fuel injection type, in the gasoline engines of atomization of fuel droplet and its distribution hae influenced directly on the decision of engine performance and harmful emission. In this paper, atomization characteristics of fuel spray is investigated with microscopic visualization system. Particle motion analysis system is used to measure the SMD from fuel spray of air-assisted injector by initial factors such as temperature of ambient air and air-assisted pressure. As air-assist pressure and ambientair temperature increase, the SMD is decreased, and its variation is more stable.

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Trend and Prospect of Scrubber Technology for Regulatory on Sulfur Content in Marine Fuel Oil (선박 연료의 황 함유량 규제에 따른 스크러버 기술의 동향과 전망)

  • Eom, Hanki;Park, Byung Hyun;Jeong, Soon-Kwan;Kim, Sung Su
    • Prospectives of Industrial Chemistry
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2019
  • 국제해사기구(IMO, international maritime organization)는 2015년부터 배출규제해역(ECA, emission control area)을 운항하는 선박은 황 함유량이 0.1%(m/m) 이하로 강화된 기준을 만족하는 연료를 사용해야 하며, 2020년부터는 모든 선박에 대해 황 함유량이 0.5%(m/m) 이하인 연료를 사용하거나 동등 이상의 성능을 갖는 배출가스 후처리 장치의 설치를 의무화하였다. 이에 따라, 선박에서 배출되는 오염물질을 제어할 수 있는 다양한 기술이 개발되고 있으며, 후처리 관점에서 습식 스크러버(wet scrubber)는 선박의 디젤 엔진에서 배출되는 이산화황(sulfur dioxide)을 저감시키기 위한 가장 적합한 해결책으로 알려져 있다. 습식 스크러버는 해수를 사용하는 개방형 스크러버(open loop scrubber)와 화학세정수를 사용하는 폐쇄형 스크러버(closed loop scrubber)로 구분된다. 습식 스크러버는 오염물질의 효율적인 처리가 가능하지만 유지보수비가 비싸고, 폐수 발생으로 인한 2차 오염발생 및 부식에 매우 취약한 단점이 있다. 따라서 최근에는 스크러버 내부의 부식을 방지하기 위한 내부식성 재질에 관한 연구와 흡수제(absorbent)의 고도화 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한, 하이브리드형 스크러버(hybrid scrubber)는 개방형과 폐쇄형 스크러버의 장점을 결합한 기술로 황산화물의 배출을 규제하는 배출규제해역에서는 폐쇄형 스크러버를 가동하고, 선박이 공해상으로 진입할 경우 개방형 스크러버로 전환함에 따라 황산화물 배출 및 반응 후 세척수의 폐수배출 기준을 동시에 만족할 수 있다.

Electricity Generation from Dairy Wastewater Using Microbial Fuel Cell (미생물연료전지를 이용한 유가공 폐수로부터 전기생산)

  • Roh, Sung-Hee;Lee, Sung-Wook;Kim, Kyung-Ryang;Kim, Sun-Il
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.297-301
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    • 2012
  • Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is the major of bio-electrochemical system which can convert biomass spontaneously into electricity through the metabolic activity of the microorganisms. In this study, we used an activated sludge as a microbial inoculum and then investigated the feasibility of using dairy wastewater as a possible substrate for generating electricity in MFC. To examine the performance of MFC as power generator, the characteristics on cell potentials, power density, cyclic voltammetric analysis and sustainable power estimation were evaluated for dairy wastewater. The maximum power density of $40\;mW/m^2$was achieved when the dairy wastewater containing 2650 mg/L COD was used, leading to the removal of 88% of the COD. The results from this study demonstrate the feasibility of using MFC technology to generate electricity while simultaneously treating dairy wastewater effectively.

Development of a Torrefaction Unit for Food and Agricultural Wastes (음식물·농업폐기물 열분해장치 개발)

  • Song, Dae-Bin;Lim, Ki-Hyeon;Jung, Dae-Hong
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.52 no.6
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    • pp.73-79
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    • 2018
  • In this study, a torrefaction unit with a capacity of 50 kg/hr was developed and experimented to produce of solid fuel by reuse of the food and agricultural wastes. Dried food wastes and agricultural wastes were used for the experiments and the heated-air torrefaction characteristics were investigated by the raw materials, torrefaction air temperature, and torrefaction time. For the dried agricultural wastes, measured torrefaction capacity and lower heating values were 55.35 kg/hr and 3,333 kcal/kg, respectively. As the lower heating values of the treated samples were greater, by around 7.8%, than those of the non-treated samples, torrefaction process was a very effective method to increase the heating value of the agricultural waste. In case of the dried food waste, torrefaction capacity and lower heating value was measured 88.27 kg/hr and 4,016 kcal/kg, respectively. As the lower heating value of treated ones showed around 9.0% higher than that of non treated ones, torrefaction process is very effective method to increase the heating value of the agricultural waste also. It will be assumed that the heating value shows more higher as increase the air temperature and decrease the moisture content of torrified matter.

Electricity Generation from Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) Using a Microbial Fuel Cell (휘발성지방산으로부터 미생물연료전지에 의한 전기 생산)

  • Oh, S.E.;Kim, S.J.;Yang, J.E.;Jung, Y.S.
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.179-185
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    • 2007
  • A new technology that utilizes a microbial fuel cell (MFC) has been developed to generate electricity directly from the oxidation of organic matters such as carbohydrates or complex organics in wastewater. Fermentation of these organic matters results in production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), alcohols, $CO_2$ and $H_2$. We investigated the electricity-producing potential of the VFAs and actual food processing wastewater using a two-chambered MFC. The electrons produced by acetate degradation were proportional to acetate concentration in the medium. Acetate concentration and generated power were linearly correlated at a low range or acetate concentration (< 8 mg/L), but at above 8 mg/L of acetate the power produced was maintained at 0.1 mW. When butyrate was added to the anode acclimated to acetate, there was a lag period of 30 hr for electricity generation. However, when propionate was added to the same anode bottle, lag periods were not existed. The wastewater from baby food processing generated the maximum power density of $81{\pm}7\;mW/m^2$ of electricity and exhibited the Coulombic efficiencies of 27.1% and 40.5% based on TCOD and SCOD, respectively. Sugars in the food processing wastewater were reduced within 50 h from 230 mg/L < 30 mg/L.

Research of High Efficiency Integrated Reforming System Using Separated Reforming System (분리형 개질기를 이용한 고효율 일체형 개질기 개발에 관한 연구)

  • PARK, SANG-HYOUN;KIM, CHUL-MIN;SON, SUNG-HYO;JANG, SE-JIN;KIM, JAE-DONG;BANG, WAN-KEUN;LEE, SANG-YONG
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.11-18
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    • 2018
  • A high efficiency integrated reforming system for improving the efficiency of the 5 kW PEMFC system used as the back up power of building was studied. The separated reforming system consisted of three parts - A steam reformer with two stage concentric circular shape, a heat exchanger type steam generator and a CO shift reactor. Temperature and steam carbon ratio (SCR) were control variables during operation. The operating conditions were optimized based on the thermal efficiency of the steam reformer as reformate gas composition changes at different temperature. In experiments, water was fully vaporized in the steam generator up to SCR 3.5 and the maximum thermal efficiency was achieved at the operating temperature around $700^{\circ}C$ in the steam reforming reactor. With the results of the separated reforming system research, we improved the shape of high efficiency integrated reformer. The performance evaluation of the integrated reformer was based on optimized operating conditions in SCR 3.5. As a result, the developed integrated reforming system maintained an efficiency of 76% and constant performance over 3,000 hours.

Combustion Characteristics of MDO and MDO Emulsion in Automotive Diesel Engine (선박 디젤유 및 선박 디젤유 에멀젼을 이용한 자동차용 디젤엔진의 연소특성)

  • Park, Jin-Kyu;Oh, Jung-Mo;Kim, Hyung-Ik;Lee, Chang-Hee;Lee, Ki-Hyung
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.36 no.9
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    • pp.945-951
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    • 2012
  • A water emulsion fuel can be used to reduce soot and NOx emissions simultaneously because it has a lower combustion temperature and better fuel atomization owing to the evaporative latent heat and microexplosion of water. Moreover, it can be used without making special modifications to conventional diesel engines. Therefore, this fuel has attracted considerable research attention. In addition, lower-grade fuels are being considered for use in conventional engines because of an increase in oil prices. In this study, we investigated the combustion and exhaust characteristics of MDO (marine diesel oil), which has a lower grade than common diesel oil, and ME (MDO water emulsion) under various test conditions in an automotive diesel engine.

Flame Formation of Ultrasonically-atomized Liquid-fuel Injected through a Slit-jet Nozzle (Slit-jet 노즐을 통해 분사되는 초음파 무화 액체연료 화염의 형성)

  • Kim, Min Sung;Kim, Jeong Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.17-25
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    • 2017
  • An experimental study was performed for the combustion-field visualization of the burner which burns the liquid hydrocarbon fuel atomized by an ultrasonic oscillator. Configurations of the flame and temperature gradient were caught by both high-speed camera and thermo-graphic camera, and those images were analyzed in detail through a post-processing. In addition, the fuel consumption was measured using the balance during the combustion reaction. As a result, the consumption of atomized fuel increased with the increasing flow-rate of carrier-gas, but any correlation between the air/fuel ratio and carrier-gas flow-rate was not found at the low flow-rate condition. Also, the combustion-field grew and reaction-temperature rose due to the strengthening of combustion reaction with the increasing flow-rate of carrier-gas and power consumption of ultrasonic oscillator.

Recent Advance in Microbial Fuel Cell based on Composite Membranes (복합막 기반의 미생물 연료전지 연구에 대한 총설)

  • Kim, Se Min;Patel, Rajkumar;Kim, Jong Hak
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.120-132
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    • 2021
  • Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bio-electrochemical device that generates electricity by utilizing bacterial catalytic activity that degrades wastewater. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) is the core component of MFC that decides its performance, and Nafion membrane is the most widely used PEM. In spite of the excellent performance of Nafion, it has drawbacks such as high cost, biofouling issue, and non-biodegradable property. Recent studies in MFC attempted to synthetize the alternative membrane for Nafion by incorporating various polymers, sulfonating, fluorinating, and doping other chemicals. This review summarizes characteristics and performances of different composite membrane based MFCs, mostly focusing on PEM.

A Trend of Catalyst Technology for After treatment on H2-CNG Mixed Fuel Vehicles (수소-CNG 혼합연료 차량에서의 후처리장치용 촉매기술 동향)

  • Lee, Ung-Jae;Shim, Kyung-Sil;Jung, Ju-Yong;Kim, Tae-Min
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.21-26
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    • 2011
  • Emissoin of heavy duty vehicle have much positioned in air pollution although its limited number of vehicles. CNG vehicles are coming to the fore as one of the solution of diesel vehicles. CNG vehicles exhaust smaller emission than diesel vehicles on PM and NOx. In this study, aftertreatment technologies are introduced on vehicles which use CNG and hydrogenmixed fuel. Withmixing hydrogen with CNG, combustion efficiency is enhanced, and harmful emission might be decreased, but methane that is main component of CNG brings green house effect. In order to remove methane and NOx in exhaust gas of CNG engine, methane oxidation catalyst and SCR technologies were respectively analyzed.