• Title/Summary/Keyword: 연돌

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Analysis of Causes of and Solutions to the Stack Effect by Vertical Zoning of High-rise Buildings (초고층 건축물 수직조닝별 연돌효과의 원인 및 해결 방안 분석)

  • Shin, Sang Wook;Ryu, Jong Woo;Jeong, Hee Woong;Kim, Dae Young
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.483-493
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    • 2021
  • Urban overcrowding has created an explosive supply and demand for high-rise buildings. High-rise buildings are contributing to enhancing the image of the city by serving as focal points, but due to the stack effect, malfunction of elevator doors, difficulties in opening and closing the doors and windows of the outer wall, smoke and odors spreading to the upper floors, noise, energy loss, fire and pollutants have been causing various unexpected problems such as rapid spread of fire. This study classified high-rise buildings according to their vertical zoning, analyzed the causes of and solutions to the stack effect, and derived design and construction methods. Through the initial plan to block the outside air and securing airtightness through precise construction, we sought ways to secure the airtightness inside and outside the building by actively blocking the airflow from the lower floors. In addition, the facility solution can be a measure to reduce the specific phenomena caused by the stack effect, but it should only be applied to the minimum extent because the potential for secondary damage is high. This study emphasized the need for systematic stack effect management by suggesting design and construction measures for each vertical zoning of the causes and countermeasures of the stack effect. It is expected that this study will be helpful not only for design and construction, but also for building maintenance.

Stack Effect Mitigation Methods in Exit Route of High-rise Building (고층 건축물 피난경로의 연돌효과 저감 방안)

  • Kim, Jin-Soo
    • Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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    • 2010.04a
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    • pp.284-288
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    • 2010
  • Length of staircase get longer and evacuation load get heavier in proportion to the building height. Therefore evacuation time could be considered proportional to square of building height. While smoke spreads vertically so rapidly, evacuation speed is too slow, therefore the reasonable measure for the safe of egress route is urgent. Existing pressurizing smoke control system of vertical exit route is seriously limited in function under the stack effect in winter. Stack effect in winter could be overcome with the methods of opening the staircase outward or letting airflow be free between staircase and outside.

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Study on the Method of Stack Effect Mitigation by the Elevator Shaft Pressurization at High-rise Buildings (고층건물에서 승강기 승강로 가압을 통한 연돌효과 저감 방법에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Jin-Soo;Lee, Eui-Pyeong
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.178-183
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    • 2011
  • In cold season, the elevator systems in super high-rise buildings would make noises at the door-gaps on high floors, and the elevator doors on the 1st floor would suffer from opening/closing trouble due to the pressure differences. Such pressure differences are also the main driving power of smokes through the hoistway in the case of fire. In addition, the pressure differences should be overcome to use the elevator systems as a measure of emergency escape. This paper reviews the way of hoistway pressurization to reduce the adverse influences. Simulations achieved a good result close to the requirements of NFPA 92A and IBC 2012 under the condition that the hoistway should be pressurized after pressure equalizing between floors and hoistway with the openings through the hoistway wall.

Field Experiment on Influence of Stack Effect to Pressure Differential System for Smoke Control (연돌효과가 급기가압 제연시스템에 미치는 영향에 대한 현장실험)

  • Kim, Jung-Yup
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.194-200
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    • 2008
  • In order to design and operate successfully the pressure differential system for smoke control which uses difference of pressure between compartments of building, architectural factors affecting the pressure field of building should be examined and the stack effect is one of the important factors. The field experiments on pressure field in two buildings of 21 stories and 31 stories in summer and winter season with regard to on/off condition of the pressure differential system are carried out to evaluate the influence of stack effect to evacuation and smoke management of high-rise building. In winter season when the stack effect increases, as the pressure differential system starts to operate, the pressure in upper stair rises largely due to the combination effect of the air infiltration from lobby to stair and the stack effect.

The Influence of Zoning at Shafts of Super-tall Buildings on the Stack Effect and Stairwell Pressurization (초고층건물 샤프트의 수직구획이 연돌효과 및 급기가압 성능에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Beom-Kyue;Kim, Hak-Jung;Yeo, Yong-Ju;Leem, Chae-Hyun;Park, Yong-Hwan
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.92-98
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    • 2012
  • This study analyzed the effect of zoning on the distribution of pressure differentials caused by stack effect and air pressurization in a center core type of 80 story super-tall building. The results showed that maximum pressure difference more than 250 Pa can be generated by stack effect without zoning. Zoning of stairwell only resulted in 10 Pa reduction of maximum pressure difference, however, zoning of both stairwell and EV shaft especially at the same floor revealed 50 % reduction in stack effect. It was also analysed that the minimum required air flow rate occurred when the stairwell temperature reached 50 % of temperature difference between indoor and outdoor.

CFD interpretation of gas flow around Ship's Funnel and Optimum Design Criterion (선박 연돌 형상이 배기가스 흐름에 미치는 영향과 연돌 설계)

  • Shin, Hyun-Joon;Park, Sang-Min;Kim, Jong-Hwa
    • Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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    • 2011.09a
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    • pp.63-69
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    • 2011
  • Exhaust gases of a vessel from a main engine, a diesel generator and an incinerator contain very harmful substances like soot, $SO_2$ and NOx. Careful design of funnel shape is required to prevent those harmful exhaust gases from influencing on accommodation and a fan room. Meanwhile, the exhaust gases are also hot enough to damage electronic devices like radar. Therefore the funnel design should be considered so that electronic devices are not directly exposed to the exhaust gas in the strong stern wind. This study may propose guidelines of optimum design criterion for the anti-thermal damage design of the electronic devices and anti-recirculating design of harmful exhaust gas near the accommodation. From CFD analyses, we can understand that the major factors affecting the exhaust gas dispersion are the large scale mixing by separation vortices and the sluggish flow in the recirculation region. We hope that the funnel flow analysis around ship's funnel is used for practical optimum funnel design to minimize the exhaust gas dispersion by adjusting the funnel shape, the position of the exhaust pipe, the shape of bulwark, the exhaust direction of air ventilated an engine room and the angle of the exhaust pipe.

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Experiments on the Influence of Opening of Natural Smoke Ventilators on the Stack Effect in High-rise Mixed-use Residential Buildings (초고층주상복합건물에서 배연창 개방이 연돌효과에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험적 연구)

  • Lim, Chae-Hyun;Kim, Bum-Gyu;Park, Yong-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.89-94
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    • 2009
  • The stack effect in high-rise buildings is expected more significant at nights in winter due to the large temperature difference between the inside and outside of the buildings. However, the existence of large openings such as natural ventilators on the floor may effect the position of neutral plane, smoke spread at fire and thus obstruct the door openings for rescue. In this paper, the vertical and horizontal pressure distribution with different openings of natural smoke ventilators was experimentally analyzed by investigating pressure differentials.

The Performance Evaluation of Natural Smoke Ventilators Due to Stack Effect and Wind Velocities in High-rise Buildings (고층건물에서 연돌효과 및 외기풍속에 따른 배연창의 배연성능 평가)

  • Lim, Chae-Hyun;Kim, Bum-Gyu;Park, Yong-Hwan
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.82-90
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    • 2009
  • Natural smoke ventilator is one of domestic prescriptive methods to be used to exhaust smoke in case of fire in a high-rise buildings. The goal of this study is to evaluate the stack effect and the smoke exhaust performance in high-rise buildings with the opening of natural smoke ventilators using computer modeling technology, thus to estimate its effectiveness as a tool of smoke exhaust. For this purpose, the pressure differential in a domestic high-rise building with natural smoke ventilators was experimentally measured to analyze the stack effect with the closure or the opening of natural smoke ventilators and to calculate compensated air leakage of the building. Computer modeling based on experimentally measured data was carried out to estimate effectiveness of natural smoke ventilators in high-rise buildings using CONTAMW network program.