• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.835-844
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• 2010

Tools for statistical analysis of extreme values include the classical annual maximum method, the modern threshold method and variants improving the second one. While the annual maximum method is to t th generalized extreme value distribution to the annual maxima of a time series, the threshold method is to the generalized Pareto distribution to the excesses over a high threshold from the series. In this paper we deal with the Poisson-GPD method, a variant of the threshold method with a further assumption that the total number of exceedances follows the Poisson distribution, and apply it to the daily percentage increases and decreases computed from the spot prices of West Texas Intermediate, which were collected from January 4th, 1988 until December 31st, 2009. According to this analysis, the distribution of daily percentage increases as well as decreases turns out to have a heavy tail, unlike the normal distribution, which coincides well with the general phenomenon appearing in the analysis of lots of nowaday nancial data.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2008

This study is to construe spatio-temporal characteristics of temperature in cities and changes of climatical regions in analyzing a change of Korea Peninsular climate. We used daily mean air temperature data which was collected in South and North Korea for the past 34 years from 1974 to 2007. We created temperature map of 500m resolution using Inverse Distance Weight in application with adiabatic lapse rate per month in linear relation with height and temperature. In the urbanization area, the data analyzed population in comparison with temperature changes by the year. An annual rising rate of temperature was calculated $0.0056^{\circ}C$, and the temperature was increased $2.14^{\circ}C$ from 1974 to 2107. The south climate region in Korea by the Warmth index was expanded to the middle climate region by the latitude after 1990s. A rise of urban area in mean temperature was $0.5-1.2^{\circ}C$, Seoul, metropolitan and cities which were high density of urbanization and industrialization with the population increase between 1980s and 1990s. In case of North Korea, Cities were Pyeongyang, Anju, Gaecheon, Hesan. A rise in cities areas in mean temperature has influence on vegetation, especially secondary growth such as winter buds of pine trees appears built-up area and outskirts in late Autumn. Finally, nowaday we confront diverse natural events over climatical changes, We need a long-term research to survey and analyze an index on the climatical changes to present a systematic approach and solution in the future.

• 프린팅코리아
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• s.25
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• pp.100-104
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• 2004

2003년 인쇄업계는 성장성 면에서 약간의 마이너스 성장을 기록한 가운데 손익관계 면에서 크게 후퇴했으나 부가가치는 오히려 상승한 것으로 조사됐다. 한국은행이 최근 발표한 '2003년 경기 분석' 결과에 따르면 인쇄업계는 매출액증가율에서 5.14%의 마이너스 성장을 기록한 가운데 손익관계지표는 평균 44.7% 하락했으나 부가가치율은 오히려 지난해 보다 6.5% 상승했다. 이번 조사는 지난 3월 2일부터 4월 29일까지 연간매출약 25억원 이상인 3239개의 제조업체 등 총 5065개 업체를 대상으로 실시되었으며, 2002년과 2003년의 대차대조표, 손익계산서, 제조원가명세서, 이익잉여금처분계산서 등의 항목에 대해 피 조사업체가 직접 작성하도록 하는 방법을 통해 이루어졌다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.39 no.5 s.451
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• pp.103-105
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• 2007

적절한 환기는 여름철 고온으로 인한 스트레스 해결과 원활한 사료 섭취로 기간 증체율을 높이면서 폐사율 감소 효과를 볼 수 있다. 그 뿐 아니라 바닥건조를 통해 파리, 모기 등 해충으로 인한 질병 예방으로 위생적인 사육환경 조성과 톱밥 투여량의 감소로 연간 경영비용이 절감되는 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 유난히 길었던 겨울 한파가 지나고, 기온이 상승하면서 계사 점검이 필요한 시기가 왔다. 이와 관련하여 여름 혹서기에 대비해 12년간 국가연구소와 공동개발로 농축산 전용 환풍기를 생산하는 (주)상일테크(대표 정상택)를 방문해 고객 만족을 위한 끊임없는 연구개발 사업에 대해 들어보았다.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.42-55
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• 2010

This paper primarily deals with a decision-making for determining the number of voyages in each ship size under a specific port structure in order to minimize the total transport cost consisting of transport cost at sea, queuing cost in port, and inventory cost in yard. As a result of computer simulation using queuing model characterized by inter-arrival time distribution, we were able to find out some combination of voyage numbers of 3 ship-size(50,000-ton, 100,000-ton, and 200,000-ton), where the total transport cost can be minimized under a specific port structure. The simulation model also allows us to figure out any trade-off relationship among sea transport cost, queuing cost in port, and inventory cost in yard. Put it differently, an attempt to reduce the sea transport cost by increasing the number of voyages of the largest ship size, the transport cost incurred in both port and yard is hypothesized to be increased and vice versa. Consequently, Port managers are required to adjust the number of annual number of voyages allocated in each ship size, put into the sea lines for importing raw materials, in order to optimize the transport costs incurred under the specific port system. We may consider a net present value(NPV) model for performing an economic feasibility analysis on port investment project. If a total discounted net benefit, including cost savings, exceeds the initial investment for an additional berth construction, then we accept the port investment project. Otherwise, we reject the proposed port investment plan.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.199-217
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• 2016

Influences of seasonal warming and cooling rates on the annual temperature patterns were analyzed based on the meteorological data from 13 weather stations in Busan Metropolitan Area(BMA), Korea during 1997~2014. BMA daily temperature time-series was generalized by Fourier analysis, which mathematically summarizes complex, regularly sampled periodic records, such as air temperature, into a limited number of major wave components. Local monthly warming and cooling rates of BMA were strongly governed by the ocean effect within the city. March($1.121^{\circ}C/month$) and November(-$1.564^{\circ}C/month$) were the two months, when the most rapid warming and cooling rates were observed, respectively during the study period. Geographically, spring warming rates of inland increased more rapidly compared to coastal areas due to weaker ocean effect. As a result, the annual maximum temperature was reached earlier in a location, where the annual temperature range was larger, and therefore its July mean temperature and continentality were higher. Interannual analyses based on average temperature data of all weather stations also showed that the annual maximum temperature tended to occur earlier as the city's July mean temperature increased. Percent area of impervious surfaces, an indicator of urbanization, was another contributor to temperature change rates of the city. Annual mean temperature was positively correlated with percent area of impervious surfaces, and the variations of monthly warming and cooling rates also increased with percent area of impervious surfaces.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.632-633
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• 2011

2010년 전력시장은 금융위기에서 완전히 벗어나 본격적인 경기회복세와 이상한파와 폭염 등 이상기후로 인해 전력수요가 크게 증가하였다. 특히 1월에는 전년동월 감소세에 따른 기저효과와 강추위에 따른 난방수요 증가의 영향으로 월간 전력거래량이 전년대비 14.8% 증가하였다. 연간 거래량은 전년대비 8.7% 증가(440,868GWh)하여 전력시장 개설이후 가장 높은 증가율1)을 기록했다. 전력시장의 대표적인 가격인 SMP는 낮은 예비율로 인해 기저발전기의 SMP 결정비율이 하락하여 전년대비 12.1% 증가하였고, 정산단가도 10.2% 상승하였다. 이러한 가격상승과 거래량 증가로 전력거래 대금은 전년대비 19.7% 크게 증가하였다. 신재생에너지 지원금 축소 등으로 전력시장 회원수 증가는 크게 둔화되어 전년말대비 11개사가 증가하는데 그쳤으며, 시장에 참여한 발전설비 용량은 12월말 현재 7,736만kW를 기록하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.450-457
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• 2019

Sedimentation is a common problem for river ports. But its intensity depends on the rate of sedimentation, channel shape and size, hydrodynamic behavior of the river and the importance of the port. High sedimentation rate in Yangon River has become one major issue for Myanmar as her largest port is located on the Yangon riverbank. As a result of the high sedimentation rate, shallow water area near the confluence of Yangon River, Pazundaung Creek, and Bago River keeps blocking the navigation channel to the Yangon Port, which also limits the size of vessel calling to Yangon Port. Therefore, studies to understand sediment transport process in Yangon River are required because the economic development of Myanmar highly relies on the Yangon Port. This paper aims to calculate the sediment transport and to predict the riverbed elevation changes in Yangon River by using Bagnold (1966) theory. Calculation result shows that huge difference can be found in the bed load transport between the rainy season and dry season in Yangon River, and thus the sedimentation problem would become more severe in the dry season when the transported sediments are reduced. The estimated sedimentation rate in dry season indicates that the rate of riverbed level rise near the Yangon Port area is about 0.063 m per year, which would lead to approximately 3.15 m rise in the riverbed level in next 50 yrs, considering the same workload of dredging to maintain the navigation channel.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1292-1303
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• 2015

Jeju province is the highest area about obesity(1st), alcohol consumption(2nd) and male smoking(2nd) among sixteen Korean provinces by the report of Statistics Korea: 2013 community health survey. Therefore, it is assumed that the incidence rate of colon, liver, lung and breast cancer can be high. The purpose of this study is to test these cancer's incidence and mortality trends and compare comparability with national average. The Joinpoint regression model and permutation tests for identifying changes and parallelism in trend were used to test registered data at Jeju Regional Cancer Registry from 1999 to 2012. In male colorectal cancer, Average Age Percent Change(AAPC) of Age-Standardized incidence Rate(ASR) was 8.4% per year(p-value<.000) and the hypothesis of parallelism with Korean male average was rejected because of steep increasing of Jeju male patients' AAPC(p-value=.047). In male liver cancer, AAPC of ASR was -2.98 % per year(p-value<.000) and parallelism with Korean male average was rejected because of sluggish decreasing of Jeju(p-value=.026). In male lung cancer, the ASR parallelism with Korean male average was rejected(p-value=.009) because Jeju patients APC(4.37% per year) was increased during 2006~2012. This study demonstrates that AAPC and Trends of male colon, male lung and male liver were difference from national average. Further studies are needed to understand its causes.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.sup
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• pp.61-68
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• 2011

To assess the total cost with all stages of facilities, the feasibility of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis was examined in this study to estimate the livestock manure treatment system and optimal decision making process. For the economic evaluation, the plant/equipment investment and annual operation cost of four Public Livestock Recycling Facilities, whose treatment capacity is 100 ton piggery manure per day, was compared. The initial cost was in the range of 2,699 million won to 3,202 million won, where T and E methods were highest and lowest, respectively. The annual operation cost was in the level of 378 million to 498 million won, which decreased in the following order : T method > J method > E method > B method. For the LCC analysis, 4.7% of interest rate, 3.13% of inflation rate, and 1.52% of net discount rate was considered by the data received from Bank of Korea and Statics Korea in the period of 2000 to 2009. Also, for the calculation of present value factor, the durable years of civil engineering & construction, machinery and electric instrument was 30 years, 10 years and 15 years, respectively. Based on these consideration, operation cost was in the range of 17,570 won/ton to 20,661 won/ton, and E method (17,570 won/ton) was economical and B method (20,661 won/ton) was non-economical. Though initial cost of T method was higher than that of B method, LCC analysis of T method was lower than that of T method due to the lower operation cost. Therefore, LCC analysis, which considers both initial cost and operation cost, is more reasonable evaluation method than either initial cost or annual operation cost. For the change of LCC analysis according to the uncertainty, the sensitivity analysis was carried out using fluctuation magnitude of discount rate in the period of 2000 to 2009. As a result, LCC analysis evaluated by discount rate was stable for the uncertain factors since the cost leadership did not change even though the sensitivity analysis varied. In summary, the economic evaluation using LCC analysis could be an efficient reference to choose the suitable livestock manure treatment plants. Furthermore, standardization of statement calculation for the actual cost analysis should be conducted and more detailed study is necessary to validate this summary. Therefore, the application of comprehensive technology evaluation, which considers LCC analysis, should contribute in obtaining objectivity and enhancing reliability for the 'Evaluation of Livestock Manure Treatment System and its Technology'.