• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.205-212
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• 1996

국내 1000 MWe급 발전소인 영광 3,4호기는 현재 표준주기 (12개월 주기)로 운전되고 있으나 향후 18개월 장주기 운전을 계획하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 영광 3,4호기의 교체노심을 대상으로 표준주기와 장주기에 대한 장기 핵연료관리계획을 수립하고 이들 평형노심에 대하여 핵연료주기비와 발전원가를 중심으로 경제성 분석을 수행하여 상호 비교하였다. 18개월 장주기로 운전할 경우 표준주기에 비하여 핵연료주기비는 약 7% 증가하나 약 4%의 발전소 이용율 향상에 따라 고정비가 약 5% 절감되어 총 발전원가를 약 4% (연간 약 99 억원) 절감할 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 선형반응도 모델을 이용하여 핵연료 이용도(Fuel Utilization Curve)를 만들어 발전원가에 영향을 미치는 교체 신연료의 다발수, 농축도, 주기길이, 발전소 평균 부하율 및 재장전 보수기간의 변화에 따른 발전원가의 민감도 분석을 수행하였다.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2008

This study is to construe spatio-temporal characteristics of temperature in cities and changes of climatical regions in analyzing a change of Korea Peninsular climate. We used daily mean air temperature data which was collected in South and North Korea for the past 34 years from 1974 to 2007. We created temperature map of 500m resolution using Inverse Distance Weight in application with adiabatic lapse rate per month in linear relation with height and temperature. In the urbanization area, the data analyzed population in comparison with temperature changes by the year. An annual rising rate of temperature was calculated $0.0056^{\circ}C$, and the temperature was increased $2.14^{\circ}C$ from 1974 to 2107. The south climate region in Korea by the Warmth index was expanded to the middle climate region by the latitude after 1990s. A rise of urban area in mean temperature was $0.5-1.2^{\circ}C$, Seoul, metropolitan and cities which were high density of urbanization and industrialization with the population increase between 1980s and 1990s. In case of North Korea, Cities were Pyeongyang, Anju, Gaecheon, Hesan. A rise in cities areas in mean temperature has influence on vegetation, especially secondary growth such as winter buds of pine trees appears built-up area and outskirts in late Autumn. Finally, nowaday we confront diverse natural events over climatical changes, We need a long-term research to survey and analyze an index on the climatical changes to present a systematic approach and solution in the future.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1990

Data are presented concerning the effect of different seasons and sexes during the growing period on broier performance. Total 38, 451 broiler chickens were raised in spring, summer and winter and they were marketed at 6 or 7 weeks of age. Birds were alloted to l18 groups (240-360 birds per pen) and weighted at termination in order to determine variation in several economic traits between the sex groups. The results obtained were summarized as follows ： 1. Livability, body weights and feed requirements were improved you but there was no significant improvement in feed intake. 2. There was no difference in livability by seasons, but average final weights were ; 2, 320, 2, 238 and 2, 138 grams for spring, winter and summer, respectively, and feed requirements were ： 2.02, 2.01 and 2.04 for spring, winter, and summer, respectively.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.207.2-207.2
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• 2011

소수력자원의 개발을 위해서는 소수력발전입지에 대한 설계변수의 분석이 매우 중요하다. 설계변수는 해당유역의 강우사상과 밀접한 관계가 있으므로 이에 대한 정량적인 분석이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 수계별 소수력발전입지에 대하여 설계변수의 특성을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 금강수계, 남한강수계 및 섬진강수계는 유역면적이 증가하여도 비가용량의 변화가 크지않지만, 낙동강수계와 북한강수계는 유역면적의 크기에 관계없이 비가용량의 변화가 크게 나타났다. 또한 비출력량의 경우에도 비가용량과 유사하게 금강수계, 남한강수계 및 섬진강수계는 유역면적이 증가하여도 비출력량의 변화가 크지않지만, 낙동강수계와 북한강수계는 유역면적의 크기에 관계없이 비출력량의 변화가 크게 나타났다. 이러한 현상은 우리나라의 연강수량이 남부지방이 중부지방에 비하여 많기 때문으로 판단된다. 낙동강수계는 하도가 남북으로 길기 때문에 소수력발전입지의 위치에 따라 비가용량의 크기의 변화가 크고, 북한강수계도 이와 비슷한 경향을 갖는다. 반면에 금강수계, 남한강수계 및 섬진강수계는 하도가 동서방향으로 길기 때문이다. 또한 연간가동율의 경우에는 모든 수계에 대하여 변화가 크지 않았고, 유역면적의 변화에 대해서도 큰 변화가 없었다.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.423-434
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• 2016

Surface emissivity and its background values according to each sensor are mandatorily necessary for Mid-Wavelength Infrared (MWIR) remote sensing to retrieve surface temperature and temporal variation. This study presents the methods and results of Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) of the MWIR according to land cover over the Korean Peninsula. The MWIR emissivity was estimated by applying the Temperature Independent Spectral Indices (TISI) method to the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) band 4 Day/Night images ($3.74{\mu}m$ in center wavelength). The obtained values were classified according to land-cover types, and the obtained emissivity was then compared with those calculated from a standard Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) spectral library. The annual means of MWIR emissivity of Deciduous Broadleaf Forest (0.958) and Mixed Forest (0.935) are higher than those of Croplands (0.925) and Natural Vegetation Mosaics (0.935) by about 2-3%. The annual mean of Urban area is the lowest (0.914) with an annual variation of about 2% which is by larger than those (1%) of other land-covers. The TISI and VIIRS based emissivity is slightly lower than the ASTER spectral library by about 2-3% supposedly due to various reasons such as lack of land cover homogeneity. The results will be used to understand the MWIR emissivity properties of the Korean Peninsula and to examine the seasonal and other environmental changes using MWIR images.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.54-58
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• 2011

The need and importance of developing and utilizing the oceans, not only as sources of renewable energy and mineral resources, but also as countermeasures to global warming such as for CCS (carbon capture and storage), have continued to increase, especially in countries with limited land areas and resources. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the sustainability of an ocean utilization technology or system not only from an economic point of view but also from an ecological one. For this purpose, it might be effective to develop a comprehensive evaluation method and/or index, by which the assessment of and decisions about a technology and system can be made more objectively. It would also be useful to have an environmental simulation model, which was developed and reported in a previous research. The aim of this study was to modify a reasonable and quantitative index, with which a comprehensive evaluation system can be established, to assess environmental sustainability and risk.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.71-82
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• 2012

This research was carried out to estimate annual erosion and retreat rates by using datum-point and to identify the characteristics and causes of seasonal variations of sea-cliff slope in Pado-ri, Taean-gun. In the result, the erosion and retreat rates of sea-cliff were increased from spring to summer. The rates were increased rapidly between August and October, caused by the effects of extreme weather events such as severe rainstorms and typhoons, etc. Since then, the erosion and retreat rates of sea-cliff were decreased gradually, but the rates were increased again in winter due to the storm surge and mechanical weathering resulting from the repeated freezing and thawing actions of bed rocks. The factors that affect erosion and retreat rates of sea-cliff include the number of days with antecedent participation and daily maximum wave height. In particular, it turned out that the erosion is accelerated by strong wave energy during storm surges and typhoons. The annual erosion and retreat rates of study area for the past two years(from May 2010 to May 2012) were approximately 44~60cm/yr in condition of differences in geomorphological and geological characteristics at each point. These erosion and retreat rates were found to be higher than results of previous researches. This is caused by coastal erosion forces strengthened by extreme weather events. The erosion and retreat process of sea-cliff in the study area is composed by denudation of onshore areas in addition to marine erosion(wave energy).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.173-175
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• 2002

지하수함양은 크게 강우 중에 침투되는 자연함양, 하천 또는 저수지에서 침투되는 지표수 함양, 인위적으로 물을 지하로 침투시키는 인공함양 등이 있는데, 본 연구에서는 강우에 의해 지하로 침투되는 자연함양율을 구하기 위하여 다음 두 가지 방법을 이용하여 지하수함양율을 산출하고자 하였다. 첫 번째 누적강수량과 지하수수위곡선을 이용하는 방법(문상기, 우남칠, 2001)은 강우기간 중 누적강수량을 고려하여 지하수위변화로부터 지하수함양율을 추정하고, 두 번째 무강우기간 동안의 지하수위감수곡선을 이용하는 방법(최병수, 안중기, 1998)은 토양특성, 증발산을 배재한 상태에서 무강우기간의 지하수위감쇠곡선으로부터 함양량을 추정한다. 즉 같은 지역에서 선행강우기간 중 지하수침투가 시작되는 강우량과 어떤 시점에서의 강우기간 중 지하수침투가 시작되는 강우량의 차이가 토양함수조건에 따라 다를 수 있으나 평균개념으로 볼 때 그 차이가 무시될 수 있다고 가정하여 토양특성을 배재하고, 지하수수위가 지표에서 1.0~l.5m이상 되면 지하수로부터의 증발산은 무시될 수 있다고 가정하고 있다. 연구지역은 충청북도 청원군 북일면과 북이면에 위치하며, 지하수위 장기관측은 암반관정과 충적관정을 두 지점에 설치하여 총 4개의 관측정에서 지하수위자동측정기 Orphimedes (기포식수위계, OTT Hydrometrie사 제작)로 1시간 간격으로 지하수위변화를 기록하였다(그림1, 그림2). 강우량은 현장에서 자기우량계(모델명 : HGR-200, SEBA Hydrometrie사 제작)를 설치하여 직접 측정하였고, 자료가 유실된 기간은 청주기상대 자료로 보완하였다. 그러나 본 연구지역은 면적이 32.35$\textrm{km}^2$이고 1998년까지 개발된 기설관정의 개수가 무려 1,547여공으로 단위면적당 관정수는 48여공/$\textrm{km}^2$로 다른 지역에 비해 관정이 밀집되어 있어 지하수연간사용량을 무시할 수 없다. 그림2에서 보는 바와 같이 주변관정들의 양수로 인하여 관측정에서의 지하수위변화가 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 본 연구지역을 대상으로 추정한 함양율은 지하수이용에 따른 지하수위하강에 대한 보정을 할 필요가 있으며 지하수이용실태조사를 추가로 하여 그 이용량만큼을 지하수함양량에 더하여야 할것이다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.450-457
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• 2019

Sedimentation is a common problem for river ports. But its intensity depends on the rate of sedimentation, channel shape and size, hydrodynamic behavior of the river and the importance of the port. High sedimentation rate in Yangon River has become one major issue for Myanmar as her largest port is located on the Yangon riverbank. As a result of the high sedimentation rate, shallow water area near the confluence of Yangon River, Pazundaung Creek, and Bago River keeps blocking the navigation channel to the Yangon Port, which also limits the size of vessel calling to Yangon Port. Therefore, studies to understand sediment transport process in Yangon River are required because the economic development of Myanmar highly relies on the Yangon Port. This paper aims to calculate the sediment transport and to predict the riverbed elevation changes in Yangon River by using Bagnold (1966) theory. Calculation result shows that huge difference can be found in the bed load transport between the rainy season and dry season in Yangon River, and thus the sedimentation problem would become more severe in the dry season when the transported sediments are reduced. The estimated sedimentation rate in dry season indicates that the rate of riverbed level rise near the Yangon Port area is about 0.063 m per year, which would lead to approximately 3.15 m rise in the riverbed level in next 50 yrs, considering the same workload of dredging to maintain the navigation channel.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.748-756
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• 2006

This study mainly deals with price behavior developed in a agricultural location model (or closed model) considering the production and demand aspects. The short-run situation of price and output is associated with the yearly fluctuation of yield from agricultural production. Demand is generally regarded as constant in the short-run because of being inelastic over short time. The long-run situation is associated with a period in which all related variables can be varied. Then a price behaviors from the two contrasting closed models have been further explored in the long-run economy. Agricultural price for each activity in the closed model is affected by change in agricultural production. Also, falling agricultural price is connected with lower rents and lower land values.