• LOGISTICS
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• s.11
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• pp.14-18
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• 2005

정부는 최근 인천, 부산, 광양 등 3개 지역 경제자유구역청을 조직$\cdot$인사$\cdot$재정 등에서 자율성과 독립적인$\cdot$허가권을 행사하는 특별지방자치단체로 격상키로 하였다. 외자유치를 통한 원스톱 행정서비스를 제공하기 위해서다. 현재는 외자유치시 각 상급 지자체를 돌아다니며 인허가를 받아야 하기 때문이다. 하지만 특별지자체는 통상의 지자체와 구별되기 때문에 상위 단체의 규제를 받지 않고, 외자유치 등의 특수 목적을 위해서는 최대한의 자율적 권한을 갖게 된다. 이렇듯 정부에서도 경제자유구역청에 많은 관심과 힘을 쏟고 있다고 할 수 있다. 3개 지역의 경제자유구역청 중 가장 왕성한 활동을 펼치면서 외자유치에 모범이 되는 곳이 있다. 바로 광양만권경제자유구역청. 지난해 3월에 개청되어 타 경제자유구역청보다 늦게 출발하였지만 그 결과는 정 반대다. 광양만권경제자유구역청의 초대 청장으로 부임한 백옥인 청장은 포스코터미널 등 8개 업체로부터 9034만달러의 투자를 유치하고 국내외 15개 업체와 2조 720억원에 달하는 투자의향서를 교환하는 등 광양만권을 발전시키기 위해 노력하고 있다. 나아가, 광양에 대한 국제 인지도를 높이고 도로 등 SOC를 확충해 기본적인 투자환경을 조성해 가면서, 동북아 경제 및 물류 거점도시로 발돋움하기 위한 구체적인 계획을 하나하나 펼쳐 나가고 있다.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.6 no.4 s.22
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• pp.91-100
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• 2004

This study was Performed to evaluate applicability of color flexible pavement concrete (CFPC) for motorway pavement. Color flexible pavement has been applied to non-motorway pavements, such as pedestrian and bicycle road. Two polymers were used to modify the binder and to strengthen the stiffness of pavement mixture. Waste paper was used to prevent the asphalt of gap-grade mixture from draining. Marshall properties, indirect tensile strength(ITS), tensile strength ratio(TSR) before and after freezing-and-thawing treatment and artificial aging, permanent deformation and fatigue life were measured. Color bituminous concrete mixtures used this study had nearly the same quality in mechanical properties when compared with conventional asphalt concrete mixtures manufactured with AP-3 and all mixtures satisfied with domestic specification for motorway pavement. Therefore, it is proved that the color bituminous concrete used this study can be applied for motorway pavement.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.191-200
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• 2003

This paper presents the rheological properties of bitumen for reducing negative skin friction. The bitumen has been widely used due to both the cost and construction effectiveness. Also, it is well known that the use of bitumen for reducing negative skin friction renders the best results among other available methods. Three different modified bitumens were used for the testing programs. The physical tests include the penetration, the softening point and penetration index. The rheological tests include phase angle, complex modulus, creep tests and flow tests. The tests were conducted at four different temperatures(15, 30, 45 and 6$0^{\circ}C$) in order to simulate the field condition. The test results were analyzed using the phase angle, G$^*$/sin $\delta$, creep compliance and shear viscosity. The result of tests showed that the phase angle increased and G$^*$/sin $\delta$ decreased with the increase of temperature. The creep compliance increased as the loading time increased. The difference of the creep compliance is detected as the time and temperature are varied, however, the difference of the shear viscosity is not significant among the samples tested in this study. The rheological properties of the bitumen also showed that the physical testing method and the temperature dependant testing method are somewhat limited to showing and expressing the full rheological properties of the modified bitumen. The introduction of the time and the temperature dependent testing method is necessary to find out the full rheological properties of the modified bitumen.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.639-646
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• 2022

Occurrence of black opaque hydrocarbon (pyrobitumen) in some Cretaceous Jinju sandstones of the Sindong Group, Gyeongsang Basin in Korea is first reported in this study. The pyrobitumen is developed on chlorite pore-lining cement, or impregnated into the outer zone of chlorite cement. Therefore, it seems to have been formed after the precipitation of chlorite cement, indicating the former presence of crude oil. The liquid hydrocarbons migrated into sandstones during moderate burial and these sandstones seem to have acted as a liquid hydrocarbon reservoir. The presence of pyrobitumen in the Jinju Formation indicates that this formation underwent deep burial after liquid hydrocarbon migration. As reservoir temperatures increased further, hydrocarbons were cracked and a solid pyrobitumen residue remained in the reservoir.

• Clean Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.292-298
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• 2016

In this study, the pyrolysis process was carried out in order to upgrade of heavy oil contained in the resources from Indonesia. In order to investigate the composition and basic properties of the heavy oil contained in the resources, the various analytical methods was used and then the TGA (thermogravimetric) method was especially used for the thermal degradation characteristics of heavy oil in the pyrolysis. From the results obtained from the various analytical methods, the reaction conditions such as the reaction temperature was collected for the pyrolysis process and the pyrolysis using the resources containing the heavy oil was conducted using the fixed-bed reactor under the various reaction conditions. Consequently, We found that the content of heavy oil contained in the resources was about 35% and the conversion of heavy oil and the recovery efficiency of thermal degradation oil were about 21 and 80%, respectively.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.281-286
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• 2009

Bitumen extraction and sulfur removal from Athabasca oil sand were conducted using water in sub- and supercritical condition. Bitumen yield in micro reactor was investigated in the pressure range of 15~30 MPa, the temperature of 360 and $380^{\circ}C$ and water density $0.074{\sim}0.61g/cm^3$ for 0~120 min. Bitumen yield increased with reaction pressure irrespective of temperature and dramatically increased in especially supercritical region due to hydrogen formed from water gas shift reaction. Total amount of gas product decreased with reaction pressure but the portion of sulfur and hydrogen increased a little with increasing pressure to 25 and 30 MPa. It is seen that supercritical condition was favourable to the hydrogen formation and sulfur removal. Bitumen yield and sulfur removal from original oil sand reached a maximum 22% and 40% respectively in supercritical condition(the reaction time of 60 min at $380^{\circ}C$ and 25 or 30 MPa).

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.72-72
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• 2011

국내 및 세계의 천연가스 수요가 증가하고, 원유가 상승에 의한 천연가스의 지속적인 가격상승이 예측됨에 따라 천연가스의 99%를 수입에 의존하는 우리나라의 에너지 안보 확보 방안을 위한 기술개발이 필요하다. 국내에서 천연가스를 확보할 수 있는 현실적인 방법중의 하나는 석탄가스화를 통해 얻어진 합성가스를 이용하여 SNG(synthetic Natural Gas, 합성천연가스)를 제조하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 석탄, 다양한 석탄 가스화기를 적용하는 경우에 대한 CASE별 공정해석을 수행하여 각 경우의 SNG 생산 특성을 파악하였다. 석탄의 종류는 역청탄, 아역청탄, 갈탄을 대상으로 하였으며, 역청탄을 사용하는 경우는 General Electric Energy(GEE), Shell Global Solutions(Shell), ConocoPhillips(CoP)사의 가스화기를, 아역청탄을 사용하는 경우는 KBR의 TRIG$^{TM}$, Siemens사의 SFG, Shell, CoP 가스화기를, 갈탄을 사용하는 경우는 Shell, Siemens 가스화기를 적용하였다. 사용한 석탄과 석탄가스화기에서 발생된 합성가스 조성은 NETL에서 발행된 보고서에 제시된 수치들을 활용하였다. 역청탄을 사용하고 CoP 가스화기를 적용한 경우, SNG 합성공정에 유입되는 유량이 100 Nm3/h 일 때, 생산되는 SNG의 조성은 $CH_4$ 96.26%, $H_2$ 1.49%, $CO_2$ 0.69%, CO 0.004% 이고 생산유량은 24 Nm3/h 였다. SNG 효율을 SNG 합성공정에 공급되는 합성가스 열량 대비 최종 생산되는 SNG의 열량을 기준으로 하고, 각 CASE 별 SNG 효율을 살펴보면, 역청탄을 대상으로 한 경우 GEE 74.05%, CoP 76.65%였다. 아역청탄을 대상으로 한 경우 TRIG 78.14%, Siemens 71.22%, CoP 75.72%였고, 갈탄을 대상으로 하는 경우 Shell 71.48%, Siemens 71.49%였다. 역청탄을 사용하는 경우는 CoP 가스화기를 대상으로 한 경우 SNG 효율 및 생산량이 가장 높았고, 아역청탄을 사용하는 경우는 TRIG 가스화기를 대상으로 한 경우의 SNG 효율 및 생산량이 높았다. 갈탄을 사용하는 경우는 Shell 가스화기와 Siemens 가스화기가 거의 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. $$SNG\;efficiency({\eta})={\frac{Q_B}{Q_A}}={\frac{Q_{SNG}(kcal/h)}{Q_{Syngas}(kcal/h)}}{\times}100(%)$$.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2010

In this study, fluidized-bed pyrolysis has been conducted in order to recover the bitumen contained in the oil sand. Canada Alberta oil sand contains 11.9% of bitumen and the bitumen-derived heavy oil produced in fluidizedbed tends to be upgraded relative to the bitumen. The continuous operation has been performed using $N_2$ as a fluidization gas at 1 atm and $500^{\circ}C$ in a reactor of 170 cm height. The results showed 87.76% of bitumen conversion, where liquid products are 74.45% and gas products are 13.31%. $H_2$, $O_2$, CO, $CO_2$, $CH_4$, and NO and $C_1{\sim}C_4$ hydrocarbons in the gas products were analyzed by on-line gas analyzer and gas chromatography, respectively. The pyrolysis oil was analyzed by using proximate analysis, heavy metal analysis, SIMDIS, asphaltenes, and heating value. By SIMDIS analysis, naphtha was 11.50%, middle distillation was 44.83% and heavy oil was 43.66%. It was obvious that the pyrolysis oil was upgraded compared with bitumens.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.892-898
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• 2017

In this study, the basic properties of recoverable gaseous and solid materials were investigated from heavy oil contained in the resources. The basic characteristics of pyrolysis reaction for the conversion of bituminous oil to pyrolysis various temperature were investigated. The characteristics of gas and solid phase byproducts were also investigated with a laboratory scale fixed bed reactor according to various reaction temperature. As a result, it was confirmed that the oil yield was about 17% at $550^{\circ}C$ and $CH_4$, $CaCO_3$ and CaO could be recovered as by-products.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2008

In this work, we investigated the variation of physical and chemical characteristics of solvent-insolubles and solvent-solubles in Canada's Athabasca oil sands by solvent-insolubles experiments. N-Heptane, n-Hexane, and n-Pentane were tested for solvents and asphaltenes were separated from maltenes by using a modified ASTM D 3279 method. Elemental analysis, boiling point distribution (SIMDIS), molecular weight distribution, heavy metal contents, API gravity, viscosity and SARA fractions were measured for thorough samples. The asphaltenes-removed maltenes contained less sulfur and heavy metal amounts and had lower molecular weight than the original bitumen. N-Pentane solvent could lower sulfur and heavy metal amounts, molecular weight, and viscosity of maltenes compared to the other solvents. Eventually, we confirmed that the obtained experimental data could be used as basic informations of bitumen upgrading processes for the production of SCO (synthetic crude oil).