• Membrane Journal
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.117-125
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• 1993

The CA reverse osmosis membranes were prepared and were studied the effects of parameters in membrane performance. The dope solutions were composed of polymer, formamide, acetone and 2-methoxyethanol. And it was prepared flat type membranes. The membranes were measured flux and rejection. The experimental factors such as polymer concentration, additive type, solvent evporation period, annealing temperture, and applied pressure were changed to investigate the effects of these on the membranes. And the transport parameters were also calculated at reverse osmosis medel for prepared membranes.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.131-142
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• 2003

Cylindrical rotating reverse osmosis (RO) is a means of dynamic filtration that incorporates both high shear and flow instabilities to reduce membrane fouling. This article summarizes recent works on rotating RO including the physics of rotating filtration; mass - transfer and concentration polarization; theoretical and experimental analysis; and some case studies.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.96-104
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• 2018

With the rapid increase in seawater desalination, the importance of boron rejection is rising. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of hydrophilic compounds on surface modification to maximize water flux and increase boron rejection. First, polyamide active layer was fabricated by interfacial polymerization of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with M-phenylenediamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) to obtain Control polyamide membrane. Next, D-gluconic acid (DGCA) and D-gluconic acid sodium salt (DGCA-Na) were synthesized with glutaraldehyde (GA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) by modifying the surface of Control polyamide membrane. XPS analysis was carried out for the surface analysis of the synthesized membrane, and it was confirmed that the reaction of surface with DGCA and DGCA-Na compounds was performed. Also, FE-SEM and AFM analysis were performed for morphology measurement, and polyamide active layer formation and surface roughness were confirmed. In the case of water flux, the membrane fabricated by the surface modification had a value of 10 GFD or less. However, the boron rejection of the membranes synthesized with DGCA and DGCA-Na compounds were 94.38% and 94.64%, respectively, which were 12.03 %p and 12.29 %p larger than the Control polyamide membrane, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.299-312
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• 2016

The main objective of this paper is to develop computer simulation program for performance evaluation and cost estimation of a reverse osmosis (RO) and pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) hybrid process to propose guidelines for its economic competitiveness use in the field. A solution-diffusion model modified with film theory and a simple cost model was applied to the simulation program. Using the simulation program, the effects of various factors, including the Operating conditions, membrane properties, and cost parameters on the RO and RO-PRO hybrid process performance and cost were examined. The simulation results showed that the RO-PRO hybrid process can be economically competitive with the RO process when electricity cost is more than 0.2 $/kWh, the PRO membrane cost is same as RO membrane cost, the power density is more than $8W/m^2$ and PRO recovery is same as 1/(1-RO recovery).

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.551-556
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• 2022

The desalinated water obtained by the water treatment process based on the membrane is attracting a lot of attention as a promising technology that can solve the global water shortage problem. Reverse osmosis membrane-based desalination, one of the most widely used desalination processes, is a technology that desalinates abundant seawater on Earth, thus having great potential in the desalination industry. To improve the performance of the desalination process, it is necessary to understand the reverse osmosis mechanism of the membrane at the atomic/molecular level. In this review, we introduce molecular simulation, which plays an important role in material research today, and the roles of computational simulation at the atomic/molecular level in the development of reverse osmosis membranes.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.314-322
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• 2019

A worsened drought in Chungnam province of Korea due to climate change and increasing water demand at Daesan industrial complex have motivated the 100,000 ㎥/d seawater desalination project. In this study, therefore, the comprehensive analysis of parameters affecting the reverse osmosis (RO) performance was conducted. Under the various conditions of feedwater salinity and temperature in Daesan, energy consumption was calculated as 2.39 ± 0.13 kWh/㎥. The decrease in membrane flux and recovery rate positively impacted annual operation cost. The average total dissolved solids (TDS) of the permeate and energy consumption with highly permeable membrane according to the membrane manufacturer were 3.84 mg/L and 2.22 ± 0.13 kWh/㎥, respectively. In addition, energy saving up to 0.29 kWh/㎥ or cost reduction of membrane module up to 15.6% is expected by changing the RO configuration from full two pass to partial or split partial two pass.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.36-37
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• 1994

시판되는 방향족 폴리아미드계 역삼투막은 우수한 투과특성과 염배제율을 보이고 있다. 하지만 이들 막들은 내염소서의 결핍으로 염소소독시 분해되는 성질이 있어 역삼투특성의 급격한 저하가 일어난다. 이로인해 원수 처리시 전처리 과정으로써 염소살균처리를 하고, RO모듈 입구의 직전에 환원제를 주입하여 잔류염소를 제거하게되므로 공정상의 유지관리가 용이하지 않게된다. 역삼투특성이 우수한 폴리아미드막의 내염소성을 향상시키기 위해 트리메조일클리드를 이요한 가교, 강직한 작용기의 도입 및 친수성기와 소수성기의 고밀도 집적등의 방법으로 개질 폴리아미드막을 제조하는 연구결과들이 보고되었다.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.69-71
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• 1994

섬유폐수는 합성유기물인 염료와 발호공정에서의 호제가 다량으로 함유되어 있어 기존의 생물학적 처리법에 의한 처리가 용이하지 않다. 게다가 섬유산업은 여타산업에 비해 다량의 물을 소비하는 산업이다. 그동안의 산업의 고도 발전에 따라 앞으로는 물부족현상이 심해질 전망이며, 환경보전 및 보호에 대한 의식이 고취됨에 따라 이러한 섬유폐수의 처리도 이제까지와는 다른 새로운 방법으로 그 효율을 극대화할 필요성을 느끼게 되었다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 막분리 공정으로서 한외여과, 역삼투 공정을 이용하여 염색$\cdot$제직폐수를 고도처리하여 재활용이 가능토록 하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 염색$\cdot$제직폐수의 고도처리를 통한 재활용 시스템을 설계하였다.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.64-65
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• 1994

근래 환경 문제의 중요성이 크게 대두되면서 여러 제조 공정에서 방출되는 폐수등을 처리하는데 필요한 내구성이나, 내미생물성, 내약품성이 우수한 분리막 재료에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 내구성이 우수한 역삼투막 재료를 얻기 위한 방법의 하나로 엔지니어링 플라스틱을 친수화시키는 방법이 개발되어 왔다. 특히 PPO (poly(2-6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide))로 만들어진 분리막은 내산화성이 우수하고 내구성이 뛰어나다고 알려져왔고 본 연구에서는 PPO에 carboxyl기를 도입하여 친수성을 부여하고, 상전이법을 이용하여 얇은 표피층이 선택성을 높이고 다공성 구조가 표피층을 지지하도록 만든 비대칭성 구조의 분리막을 제조하고 그 투과특성을 살펴보았다.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.30-30
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• 1993

막 자체가 갖는 성능은 역삼투공정의 효율성에 영향을 미치는 상당히 중요한 인자이다. 따라서 역삼투막이 가져야 할 조건은 높은 염배제율 뿐만아니라 물의 투과유량도 커야하며, 가수분해나 산화에 의한 성능저하가 없어야 한다. 폴리아미드막을 이용한 역삼투공정은 이미 보편화되어 있으며, 특히 가교폴리아미드를 선택층으로 가지는 박층복합막은 그 성능이 우수한 것으로 알려져왔다. 폴리아미드막은 우수한 물투과유량 및 염배제율을 가지고 있어 이미 상품화 되어있지만 내화학성의 향상에 있어서는 아직도 연구개발중에 있으며, 특히 막세척시 사용되는 염소에 대한 저항성 향상이 절실히 요구되고 있는 실정이다.