• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to identify effects of walking speed and a cognitive task during treadmill walking on gait variability. Experiments consisted of 5 different walking speeds(80%, 90%, 100%, 110% and 120% of preferred walking speed) with/without a cognitive task. 3D motion analysis system was used to measure subject's kinematic data. Temporal/spatial variables were selected for this study; stride time, stance time, swing time, step time, double support time, stride length, step length and step width. Two parameters were used to compare stride-to-stride variability with/without cognitive task. One is the coefficient of variance which is used to describe the amount of variability. The other is the detrended fluctuation analysis which is used to infer self-similarity from fluctuation of aspects. Results showed that cognitive task may influence stride-to-stride variability during treadmill walking. Further study is necessary to clarify this result.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2003

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean version of the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale(LEAS-K) and to examine its validity and reliability. Methods: LEAS-K was developed from translating original LEAS into Korean. The subjects were 476 Korean medical students(322 males and 154 females). The internal consistency was evaluated with the Cronbach's alpha coefficients and 40 protocols were independently scored by two raters to confirm interrater reliability. Additionally, a Korean version of 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS-20K), Korean versions of the Openness to Experience Inventory(OE), the Marlowe-Crowne Scale (MCS), the Bendig short form of the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale(TMAS) and the Emotional Expressivity Scale(EES) were rated to evaluate concurrent validity. Results: The internal consistency measured by Cronbach's alpha was 0.81 and interrater reliability was high{r(40)=0.99}. Correlation coefficients for concurrent validity were nonsignificant with TMAS and EES. LEAS-K correlated significantly with TAS-20K{r(476)=-0.10, p<0.05}, OE {r(476)=0.10, p<0.05} and MCS {r(476)=0.10, p<0.05}. Conclusion: LEAS-K was demonstrated to have high reliability and validity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.493-501
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• 2001

A study on the community structure of macrobenthos was accomplished around Kadugdo, a south coast of Korea. Sampling was performed bimonthly using a Smith-McIntyre grab ($0.05 m^2$) at ten stations from January to November, 1998. A total of 260 species was sampled with mean density of $1,729 ind./m^2$and biomass of $154.7 gwwt./m^2$during the study periods. Of these species, there were 96 species of arthropods ($37.0\%$), 89 species of annelids ($34.2\%$), 45 species of molluscs ($17.3\%$) and 30 species of others ($11.5\%$). Annelids were density-dominant faunal group with a mean density of $1,263 ind./m^2$which occupied $73.0\%$ of the total individual of benthic animals. Molluscs were represented as biomass-dominant faunal group with a mean biomass of $99.5 gwwt./m^2$ ($64.3\%$ of total biomass). The density-dominant species were a bivalvia Theora fragilis ($194 ind./m^2$) and five species of polychaetes, Lumbrineris longifolia ($177 ind./m^2$), Chaetozone setosa ($150 ind./m^2$), Sternaspis scutata ($116 ind./m^2$), Sigambra tentaculata ($106 ind./m^2$) and Hemipodus yenourensis ($94 ind./m^2$). And major biomass-dominant species was a bivalvia Ruditapes philippinarum ($45.6 gwwt./m^2$). Clustering analysis showed that the study area could be divided into two station groups and three stations: southwestern part of Kadugdo effected on Chinhae Bay, fisheries farming area and eastern part of Kadugdo effected on Nakdong River estuary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.173-176
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• 1996

정보통신기술은 현재 및 미래의 생활양식, 사회모습, 정치/경제/문화등에 이르기까지 모든 분양에 미치는 파급효과가 크기 때문에, 정보통신 기술개발에 관한 의사결정에 있어서는 기술 정책적인 고려가 반드시 필요하다. 그러나, 그 동안 정보통신 기술개발에 관한 의사결정에서 국가 차원의 정책적 고려가 매우 미흡하였다. 본 연구에서는 정보통신 분야에서의 기술정책에 대한 체계적 접근을 시도하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 세부분으로 구성되어 있다. 첫째, 정보통신 분야 기술정책의 체계를 제시하였다. 기존의 관련자료와 기술개발 전문가 및 정책 입안자들과의 면담을 거쳐 본 연구에서는 정보통신 기술정책에 포함되어야 할 주요내용을 1. 비전 및 우선순, 2. 산업조직및 하부구조, 3. 기술확보, 관리및 활용, 4. 정부 역할 및 정책 추진 기본 체계, 5. 국가 기술혁신시스템의 구축등 5개 부문으로 구분하고 각 부문별로 우리나라 정책현황과 문제점, 개선방안을 검토하였다. 둘째, 정보통신 기술개발에 관한 의사결정에서 고려해야 할 사항들을 정리하여 3단계 기술정책 수립모형을 개발하였다. 1단계에서는 검토대상사업이 정보통신 기술정책의 기본 지침과 일치하는지 확인하고, 2단계에서는 검토대상사업이 정보통신 기술정책의 내용상 우선순위에 부합하는지 검토한다. 3단계에서는 구체적인 기술정책지표에 의해 검토대상사업을 항목별로 검토하고 종합평가하여 최종의사결정을 한다. 여러 기술정책지표 항목들에 대해 가중치를 주어 평점모형(Scoring Model)을 통해 종합지표를 산출할 수도 있다. 셋째, 본 연구에서 제시한 3단계 기술정책 의사결정과정 모형을 CDMA 개발의 타당성을 검증하였다., (4) 교수-학생간의 인간적인 관계, (5) 숙제 및 과제물과 같은 5가지의 요인으로 구성되어진 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 한국학생을 대상으로 하여 AHP를 이용하여 각 요인들의 수업효과에 대한 상대적 가중치를 조사하였다. 특이한 결과는, 미국학생의 경우 수업준비 및 강의 방법이 상대적으로 중시된 반면, 한국학생들은 미국학생들이 비교적 덜 중시하는 교수-학생간의 인간적인 관계가 수업효과를 높이는데 가장 큰 기여를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 한국 문화의 특징이라 할 수 있는 교수-학생간의 인간적인 관계가 중시되는 교육환경하에서, 정보화 사회의 한 수업형태인 재택수업을 외국(특히 미국)의 방법을 그대로 따라 실시할 경우, 많은 부작용이 있을 수 있다는 것을 암시하며, 따라서 우리 교육문화에 맞는 재택수업 형태의 개발이 시급함을 제시한다고 하겠다.column density of HCaN is (1-3):n1014cm-2. Column density at distant position from MD5 is larger than that in the (:entral region. We have deduced that this hot-core has a mass of 10sR1 which i:s about an order of magnitude larger those obtained by previous studies.previous studies.업순서들의 상관관계를 고려하여 보다 개선된 해를 구하기 위한 연구가 요구된다. 또한, 준비작업비용을 발생시키는 작업장의 작업순서결정에 대해서도 연구를 행하여, 보완작업비용과 준비비용을 고려한 GMMAL 작업순서문

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.935-949
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• 2014

Today, companies are facing business environments that are changing rapidly compared to the business environments of the past. These rapid changes can be observed in areas such as technology and market structure. To compete in rapidly changing business environments, companies are consistently releasing new innovative products to meet consumers' satisfaction. However, compared to the products that have already been successful in the past, innovative products have higher uncertainty in terms of meeting consumer's technical and emotional needs. Therefore, marketers of the companies put lots of efforts to reduce the risks of new innovative products' failure. In this study, we conducted 2(process simulation / outcome simulation) ${\times}2$ (hedonic / utilitarian) experiment to analyze the effect of mental simulation and product type on innovative new product evaluation. The results of this study are following. In process simulation, evaluation of utilitarian innovative new product was higher, but hedonic innovation showed higher evaluation in the outcome simulation. Based on research result, we recommend proper application of mental simulation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.289-299
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• 2012

The goal of this paper is to apply the multi-step Taylor method to a space truss, a non-linear discrete dynamic system, and analyze the non-linear dynamic response and unstable behavior of the structures. The accurate solution based on an analytical approach is needed to deal with the inverse problem, or the dynamic instability of a space truss, because the governing equation has geometrical non-linearity. Therefore, the governing motion equations of the space truss were formulated by considering non-linearity, where an accurate analytical solution could be obtained using the Taylor method. To verify the accuracy of the applied method, an SDOF model was adopted, and the analysis using the Taylor method was compared with the result of the 4th order Runge-Kutta method. Moreover, the dynamic instability and buckling characteristics of the adopted model under step excitation was investigated. The result of the comparison between the two methods of analysis was well matched, and the investigation shows that the dynamic response and the attractors in the phase space can also delineate dynamic snapping under step excitation, and damping affects the displacement of the truss. The analysis shows that dynamic buckling occurs at approximately 77% and 83% of the static buckling in the undamped and damped systems, respectively.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.195-234
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• 2009

This paper examines relative contributions of extensive margin and intensive margin of Korean exports growth to China after 1990s', based on an analytical approach proposed by the Hummels and Klenow(2005). In this paper, extensive margin is defined as a weighted count of Korean exports categories relative to the rest of world's export categories to China. On the other hand, intensive margin refers to Korean exports to China relative to the rest of the world's exports to China, exclusively in those product categories that Korea exports to China. According to the results of the analysis, the expansion of Korean exports to China was induced mainly by the increase of intensive margin. This result is consistent with $Besede{\check{s}}$ and Prusa(2007) as well as the Helpman, Melitz and Rubinstein(2007) who suggest that intensive margin is a more important factor than extensive margin for sustaining growth of export in the long term. In addition, this paper shows that the survival rates of exports of parts and components and capital goods is relatively higher in comparison to those of primary and consumption goods. This implies that the expansion of international division of labor under the global production network could substantially affect the survival of exports.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.4
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• pp.991-1002
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• 2004

Online game business has emerged as the most lucrative entertainment industry, with over 20 million platers. The popularity of online games can be attributed to the presence of numerous PC Bangs around the country, which have pushed online games into the mainstream culture while broadband internet services facilitated online game play. The age distribution of online game players is expanding and a variety of new games are under development to target certain age groups. While the online game market continues to expand, with many new online game publishers entering the market, relatively little is known about which factors are strategically important for successful development of online games. A conceptual framework is proposed, and a structural equation modeling, for Identifying the factors affecting the market success of online games, is developed. The concept of online game community, idea generation, systematic development strategy, flexible development process, utilizing demo-version, outsourcing, etc, are ail introduced into the model, as the independent variables affecting the success level of online games directly and indirectly. Based on data collected from questionnaire survey, the validity of the model has been tested and interesting conclusions have been developed concerning the relationships between these variables. Statistical results show that utilizing online game community and system atic development strategy is the key for successful online game development. Other interesting results concerning game development strategy are also provided. It is hoped that this result might provide the useful guidelines for developing the successful online game contents. With a better understanding of key success factors, online game developers should be able to make adjustments in their development and marketing plans, providing them with a sustainable advantage over their competition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.86-100
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• 2004

계산을 통한 단백질 상호작용 예측 기법의 중요성이 제기되면서 많은 단백질 상호 작용 예측 기법이 제안되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 기법들이 일반 사용자가 손쉽게 사용할 수 있는 서비스 형태로 제공되고 있는 경우는 드물다. 본 논문에서는 현재까지 알려진 단백질 상호작용 예측 기법 중 예측 기법의 완성도가 높고 상대적으로 예측 정확도가 높은 것으로 알려진 도메인 조합 기반 단백질 상호 작용 예측 기법을 PreSPI(Prediction System for Protein Interaction)라는 서비스 시스템으로 설계하고 구현하였다. 구현된 시스템이 제공하는 기능은 크게 도메인 조합 기반 단백질 상호 작용 예측 기법을 서비스 형태로 만들어 제공하는 기능으로 입력 단백질 쌍에 대한 상호작용 예측이 중심이 된 핵심기능과, 핵심 기능으로부터 파생되는 기능인 부가 기능, 그리고 주어진 단백질에 대한 도메인 정보검색 기능과 같이 단백질 상호작용에 관하여 연구하는 연구자에게 도움이 되는 일반적인 기능으로 구성되어 있다. 계산을 통해 단백질 상호 작용을 예측하는 시스템은 대규모계산이 요구되는 경우가 많아 좋은 성능을 갖추는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서 구현된 PreSPI 시스템은 서비스에 따라 적절히 그 처리를 병렬화 함으로써 시스템의 성능 향상을 도모하였고, PreSPI 가 제공하는 기능을 웹 서비스 API 로 Deploy 하여 시스템의 개방성을 지원하고 있다. 또한 인터넷 환경에서 변화되는 단백질 상호 작용 및 도메인에 관한 정보를 유연하게 반영할 수 있도록 시스템을 계층 구조로 설계하였다. 본 논문에서는 PreSPI 가 제공하는 몇 가지 대표적인 서비스에 관하여 사용자 인터페이스를 중심으로 상술함으로써 초기 PreSPI 사용자가 PreSPI 가 제공하는 서비스를 이해하고 사용하는 데에도 도움이 되도록 하였다.있어서 자각증상, 타각소견(他覺所見)과 함께 이상(異常)은 확인되지 않았으며 부작용도 없었다. 이상의 결과로부터, ‘펩타이드 음료’는 경증고혈압 혹은 경계역고혈압자(境界域高血壓者)의 혈압을, 자각증상 및 혈액${\cdot}$뇨검사에도 전혀 영향을 미치지 않고 저하시킨다고 결론지었다.이병엽을 염색하여 흰가루 병균의 균사생장과 포자형성 등을 관찰한 결과 균사가 용균되는 것을 볼 수 있었으며, 균사의 용균정도와 분생포자형성 억제 정도는 병 방제효과와 일치하는 경향을 보였다.을 의미한다. IV형은 가장 후기에 포획된 유체포유물이며, 광산 주변에 분포하는 석회암체 등의 변성퇴적암류로부터 $CO_{2}$ 성분과 다양한 성분의 유체가 공급되어 생성된 것으로 여겨진다. 정동이 발달하고 있지 않으며, 백운모를 함유하고 있는 대유페그마타이트는 변성작용에 의한 부분용융에 의해 형성된 멜트에서 결정화되었으며, 상당히 높은 압력의 환경에서 대유페그마타이트의 결정화작용 과정에서 용리한 유체의 성분이 전기석에 포획되어 있다. 이때 용리된 유체는 다양한 성분을 지니고 있었으며, 매우 낮은 공융온도와 다양한 딸결정은 포유물 내에 NaCl, KCl 이외에 적어도 $CaCl_{2},\;MgCl_{2}$와 같은 성분을 포함하고 있음을 지시한다. 유체의 용리는 적어도 $2.7{\sim}5.3$ kbar 이상의 압력과 $230{\sim}328^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 시작되었다.없었다. 결론적으로 일부 한방제와 생약제제는 육계에서 항생제를 대체하여 사용이 가능하며 특히 혈액의 성분에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. 실증연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.trip과 Sof-Lex disc로 얻어진 표면은 레진전색제의 사용으로 표면조도의 개선

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.160-180
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• 2012

We have studied the eukaryotic plankton species diversity to compare the community structure of fresh and brackish waters in the lower reaches of the Nakdong River using metagenomic methods. We constructed 18S rDNA clone libraries of total DNAs extracted from environmental water samples collected at Mulgeum (MG100929, fresh) and Eulsukdo bridge (ES, brackish). Through the steps of colony PCR, PCR-RFLP, sequencing and similarity analysis, we discovered the diverse species composition of eukaryotic plankton. Total 338 clones (170 at MG100929 and 168 at ES) were analyzed, and then we found 74 phylotypes (49 for MG100929 and 25 for ES). From the phylogenetic analysis, we confirmed various eukaryotic plankton of broad range of taxonomic groups, including Stramenopiles, Cryptophyta, Viridiplantae, Alveolata, Rhizaria, Metazoa, and Fungi. We also found several unreported species in Korea and candidates of new taxonomic entities at levels higher than genus. Especially, the cryptic species diversity including unreported phylotypes of Pirsonia (Stramenopiles) and Perkinsea (Alveolata) suggests that the molecular monitoring method can produce new informative biological data in monitoring the changes in the Nakdong River Mouth ecosystem.