• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 1995

The relationship between dietary intake and vitamin/mineral supplement usage was examined in 706 adolescent girls who were high school students. 43.8% of subjects used vitamin/mineral supplements during one year. The higher the family income and parents education level, the higher percentage of vitamin/mineral supplement usage was. But there was no significant difference between grades and scores. And vitamin/mineral supplement usage was higher int he thin and obese groups than the average weight groups. Nutrition knowledge and food habit did not affect vitamin/mineral supplement usage. Calorie intakes of vitamin/mineral supplement users and nonusers were similar. However, independent of the supplements, the diets of supplement nonusers contained significantly more dietary protein, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin C, and calcium than the diets of the users. A considerable portion of both the users and nonusers had dietary intakes of less than 2/3 of the Recommended Dietary Allowances for vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, calcium, and iron. Vitamin/mineral supplement nonusers generally consumed a more vitamin, mineral from diet. Reasons for taking supplements were to take energy, advice and illness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.957-964
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• 2000

To assess trans fatty acids (tFAs) intake of a girls' high school students in Pusan, dietary history and quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were surveyed and analyzed with a total subjects of 274, 268 in summer and winter respectively. It was shown that 38.0% of subjects which was the highest percentage, had snack twice a day in frequency of snack intake. The most favorite snack of subjects was ice cream (46.4%), the preference for milk and dairy products was considerably high. 43.4% of subjects responded to once a month in frequency of dining out. They preferred grilled pork (39.1%), hamburger (36.9%), grilled beef (26.6%) in order. It was also appeared that they preferred fast food. In the case of eating bread, 8.0% of subjects ate bread and margarine, 7.1% butter. Generally, the subjects preferred margarine to butter. tFAs intake for each person per day was $4.24{\pm}0.18\;g$. There was significant difference in tFAs intake according to parents income (p<0.05), frequency of snack intake (p<0.001) and that of dining out (p<0.05). tFAs intake produced naturally (N-tFAs) was $0.86{\pm}0.00\;g$ which corresponded to 20.3% of total tFAs intake per day. tFAs intake produced artificially (H-tFAs) in the process of hardening oil was $3.38{\pm}0.14\;g$, equaled to 79.7% of total tFAs intake per day. There was significant difference between H-tFAs intake for each person per day (p=0.000)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.945-954
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to present basic data for an improvement of school foodservice by indentifying students' preference level for school meal menu and assessing students' nutrition intake. The subjects participated in this study were 544 high school students on 1st grade served by self-operated school foodservice in Daegu. The frequency analysis, t-test analysis, and correlation analysis were carried out for the data analysis using SPSS 12.0 program. Based on the results toward students' preference and serving frequency, the most frequently offered food was soup sorts and then followed by the categories of boiled rice, kimchi, broiled food and hard-boiled food. Boiled rice, rice with assorted vegetables, mandu soup, salad and braised beef rib were highly preferred to the students. Male students scored higher preference to the menu related with meats than female students. However, the students' preference and serving frequency on the menu were not correlated significantly in this study. A substantial correlation was found between the degree of preference and the rate of intake (p<0.01). It would be generalized that preferences to menu items strongly sffected the level of intake by students. The nutrient analysis of food intake revealed that both male and female students were not consuming sufficient level of calorie, calcium and vitamin $B_2$. In conclusion, the results indicate that the students' preference is a very important variable influencing the consumption level of meal as well as balanced nutrient intake by students served in school foodservice. Menu planning should be integrated into school foodservice management for quality control. As limited control of the menu may also negatively influence on the food leftovers and ecological issues, professionals related to the school foodservice including administers, educators and dieticians need to check up the students' preference regularly and reflect their perception on the menu planning to improve the quality of school foodservice. The nutrient intake currently provided through school foodservice should be also assessed more thoroughly. These data could be incorporated into continuous quality improvement and strategic planning in school foodservice.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.29-48
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide the basic information on the improvement plan by identifying the role accomplishment and job satisfaction of the hospice nurses and analyzing the factors that impact such role accomplishment and job satisfaction. Methods: The data was collected of 189 hospice nurses who have been working more than 6 months in 56 hospice programs registered in Korea Hospice Association and Korean Catholic Hospice Association from October to November, 2007 by structured questionnaire which was developed by Ryu(1979), based on the Riehl's nursing role and the research of Choe(2005) on the role of hospice nurse. Results: The role accomplishment and job satisfaction of the study subject were 3.53 point and 3.39 point, respectively. The roles of hospice nurses were accomplished by the order of advocator, nursing care provider, coordinator (cooperation), educator, quality manager, counsellor, administrator, and researcher. The job satisfaction of the hospice nurses was shown highest in the satisfaction of professional status, followed by the satisfaction of the interaction, satisfaction of the task itself, satisfaction of the administrative aspect, satisfaction of the autonomous, and the lowest in the satisfaction of the pay. The role accomplishment of the subjects according to their socio-demographic and job characteristics was found to have a significant difference by their age, marriage status, academic background, and position. It also has a significant difference by whether they play role of coordinator, whether they took whole responsibility as hospice, working experience as hospice/palliative nurse, and the level of hospice/palliative nursing training(p<.05). In the study of job satisfaction of the subjects according to their socio-demographic and job characteristics, the job satisfaction was found to have a significant difference by the increase of age, the number of duties consisting the hospice team, whether they play role of coordinator, whether they take whole responsibility as hospice, the level of hospice/palliative nursing training, and whether they wish to work for as long as possible(p<.05). The role accomplishment and the job satisfaction of the subjects showed a statistically significant positive correlation. (r=.541, p<.01) Conclusion: Raised saiary will be increased hospice nurse's job satisfaction. And we suggest a repetitive study using the identical tool to the equally extracted subjects with same representativeness of each hospice/palliative institute type. For the expanded role and enhanced professional standard of hospice nurses, we also suggest a study on the improvement plan to enhance the roles of researcher and administrator.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2016

The number of male dental hygienists has been continuously increasing in dental services. The purpose of this study aimed to identify the relationship between job stress, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in male dental hygienists and to provide basic data to improve their job satisfaction. The study population was 110 Korean male dental hygienists working for dental clinics or hospitals. The data were collected from November 10 to December 7, 2015. After an explanation about the objective of the study, 110 questionnaires were distributed via email, and 97 responses were analyzed using SPSS. Overall averages of job stress, job satisfaction and turnover intention in male dental hygienists were 3.05, 2.92, and 3.47 out of 5, respectively. Some sub-factors of job stress, including interpersonal relationships at the workplace and future prospects of dental clinics, were proven to have statistically significant negative influence on job satisfaction (p<0.001). Regression analysis was performed with job stress and job satisfaction as independent variables and turnover intention as a dependent variable. Results showed that job stress had a positive effect on turnover intention (p<0.01) while job satisfaction had a negative effect on turnover intention (p<0.001). Job satisfaction was revealed to have statistically significant negative influence on turnover intention (p<0.001). Some of sub-factors of job stress, including work environment and future prospects of dental clinics and professional position, had a positive effect on turnover intention (p<0.05). The study showed that higher job stress led to higher turnover intention, and higher job satisfaction led to lower turnover intention. Accordingly, job stress and job satisfaction are critical factors for turnover intention in male dental hygienists.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 1995

This study was intended to identify the neurotic traits related to sexual abuse in female high school students. The Neurosis Scale of Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire was conducted to 320 female high school students in Taegu, Korea from July 10 to July 17, 1994. The results were as follows: 1) The sexual abuse victim group showed significantly higher neurotic traits of Free floating anxiety (p<0.05), Phobic(p<0.01), Obsession(p<0.01), Somatic(p<0.05), Depression(p<0.01) than the control group. 2) The Neurotic traits of Somatic(p<0.01), Depression(p<0.01), Hysteric(p<0.01) were higher in the multiple-abused than the single-abused. 3) When the duration of being abused was concerned, subjects with more than 1 year duration had significantly higher neurotic traits of Obsession(p<0.05), Somatic(p<0.05), Depression(p<0.05) than subjects with less than 1 year duration. 4) The neurotic traits of Phobic, Somatic, Depression were significantly higher in the subjects with higher intensity of sexual abuse than with lower intensity. S) Among 68 victims, 31 girls(45%) were assaulted by strangers, 10(14%) were by relatives, 7(10.3%) were by siblings, 6(8.8%) were by neihbors. Among them, 34 girls(50%) bad counselling or psychotherapy and the people to whom they had sought for help were friends(23 girls; 68%), parents (7 girls; 11.7%) and mental health professonals (2 girls; 5.9%).

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.210-225
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• 1995

The expression of $p62^{c-myc}$ and $p21^{ras}$ can be seen in many solid tumor, but the pattern and incidence of expression were different according to organ, countries, and examiners, thus it is not definitely defined. Total 67 colorectal carcinoma in paraffin sections are analysed by immunohistochemically for evaluation of the $p62^{c-myc}$ and $p21^{ras}$ expression according to the age, sex, chief complaints, location, differentiation, modified Dukes stage, using the specific monoclonal antibodies. The results were summarized as follows : The age of patients ranged from 32 years to 82 years. The mean age was 57.6 years. The expression of $p62^{c-myc}$ and $p21^{ras}$ was not correlated with age. Male was 29 cases(43.3%) and female was 38 cases(56.7%). The male to female ratio was 1:1.31. The expression of $p21^{ras}$ was increased in female(p<0.05). Abdominal pain(43.7%) was the most frequent chief complaint. The most frequent tumor location was rectum(44.8%). The expression of $p62^{c-myc}$ was increased in the rectum(p<0.05). The 65 cases(97.0%) out of 67 cases showed positive reaction of $p62^{c-myc}$ in the nucleus, cytoplasmic membrane, and cytoplasm. The 62 cases(92.5%) out of 67 cases showed positive reaction of $p21^{ras}$ in the cytoplasmic membrane and cytoplasm. The positive rate of $p62^{c-myc}$ and $p21^{ras}$ was 97.0% and 91.4% in well differentiated adenocarcinoma, 100.0% and 95.0% in moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, 90.0% and 90.0% in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, 100.0% and 100.0% in mucinous carcinoma. The positive rate of $p62^{c-myc}$ and $p21^{ras}$ was 94.1% and 88.2% in Dukes stage $B_1$, 96.0% and 96.0% in Dukes stage $B_2$, 100.0% and 100.0% in Dukes stage $C_1$, 100.0% and 88.9% in Dukes stage $C_2$, and 100.0% and 100.0% in Dukes stage D. The expression of $p62^{c-myc}$ in metastatic colorectal carcinoma showed diffuse and strongly positive reaction than primary colorectal carcinoma. The expression of $p21^{ras}$ in primary colorectal carcinoma showed diffuse and strongly positive reaction than metastatic colorectal carcinoma.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.56-74
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• 1995

The authors applied ADDES-HV parent evaluation scale for the purpose of screening test to 538 2nd grade elementary school students from March 1994 to May. The results were as follows: There was no differences in scores of ADHD between schools. In comparing the male and female between three school students, male students showed signifieant high scores (p<0.05) than female students in the score of ADDES-HV subscale and total. There was no significant differences in ADDES-HV scale between male students and female students in both ADHD patients and normal controls. In reliability test for test and retest, the reliability coefficient was higher satisfatorily and that of inattention was 0.80, inpulsivity was 0.69, hyperactivity was 0.63 and the total score was 0.82. In reliability test by internal consistancy, the Cronbach ${\alpha}$ coefficient of patient group was 0.85(p<0.05) and that of normal control was 0.84(p<0.05). The Concurrent validity between ADDES-HV scale and DSM-III-R scale was 0.57(p<0.05) in ADHD patient group and 0.84(p<0.05) in normal control group. In discriminant validity test between ADHD patient group and normal control, the ADHD patient group showed higher score(p<0.05). The total disciminant capacity of the patient group in ADDES-HV scale was 94.44%. When we regard the cut off point as standard deviation 1.5, the male student was 80 score and the female student was 69 score. In this point of view, ADDES-HV scale was proved to be the useful screening test tool for ADHD research and showed higher reliability and validity in applying to Korean subjects.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.59 no.11
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• pp.1077-1081
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• 2018

Purpose: We report two cases of corneal edema in patients who presented with bilateral blurry vision due to vaporized amines while working in a polyurethane processing plant. Case summary: A 28-year-old male presented with bilateral blurred vision. His work involved solidifying polyurethane liquid and he often found himself exposed to polyurethane heat and gas. Purpose: We report two cases of corneal edema in patients who presented with bilateral blurry vision due to vaporized amines while working in a polyurethane processing plant. Case summary: A 28-year-old male presented with bilateral blurred vision. His work involved solidifying polyurethane liquid and he often found himself exposed to polyurethane heat and gas. On examination, the patient's uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 20/40 (right) and 30/50 (left). A slit lamp examination revealed subepithelial microbullae in both eyes. The central corneal thickness (CCT) was also increased in both eyes, measuring $698{\mu}m$ (right) and $672{\mu}m$ (left). After prescribing 0.5% moxifloxacin and, 1% fluorometholone eye drops for 3 days in both eyes, the UCVA recovered to 20/40 (right) and 20/20 (left). The CCT decreased to $644{\mu}m$ (right) and $651{\mu}m$ (left), and the microbullae improved significantly in the left eye. The second patient was a 34-year-old female who presented with bilateral decreased visual acuity while at work. She worked in a factory that produced car seat filling. Her UCVA was 20/25 (right) and 20/20 (left). The CCT by specular microscopy was $537{\mu}m$ (right) and $541{\mu}m$ (left). On slit lamp examination, both eyes demonstrated bilateral central subepithelial edema. The patient did not attend any follow-up outpatient appointments after the initial presentation. Conclusions: Exposure to vaporized amines such as polyurethane may causereversible corneal toxicityeven without direct contact. Further consideration should be given to ocular safety and protection from amine compounds in the industrial field.On examination, the patient's uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 20/40 (right) and 30/50 (left). A slit lamp examination revealed subepithelial microbullae in both eyes. The central corneal thickness (CCT) was also increased in both eyes, measuring $698{\mu}m$ (right) and $672{\mu}m$ (left). After prescribing 0.5% moxifloxacin and, 1% fluorometholone eye drops for 3 days in both eyes, the UCVA recovered to 20/40 (right) and 20/20 (left). The CCT decreased to $644{\mu}m$ (right) and $651{\mu}m$ (left), and the microbullae improved significantly in the left eye. The second patient was a 34-year-old female who presented with bilateral decreased visual acuity while at work. She worked in a factory that produced car seat filling. Her UCVA was 20/25 (right) and 20/20 (left). The CCT by specular microscopy was $537{\mu}m$ (right) and $541{\mu}m$ (left). On slit lamp examination, both eyes demonstrated bilateral central subepithelial edema. The patient did not attend any follow-up outpatient appointments after the initial presentation. Conclusions: Exposure to vaporized amines such as polyurethane may causereversible corneal toxicityeven without direct contact. Further consideration should be given to ocular safety and protection from amine compounds in the industrial field.

• Anatomy & Biological Anthropology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.145-154
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to provide basic biometric data on Korean adults through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based measurements of the distances between the apex of sacral hiatus (SH) and the termination of dural sac (DS), and between SH and conus medullaris (CM) because they are critical to the performance of epidural neuroplasty. A total of 200 patients(88 males and 112 females) with back pain, who had no spine fracture, significant spinal deformity, and spondyloisthesis were selected for this study. The subjects were of mean age 54.3 (20~84) years and mean height 161.3 cm (135~187). T2-weighted MRI images were used for correlation analysis to evaluate the relationships between the distances, and variables such as sex and height. In all patients, the mean distance between SH and DS was $62.8{\pm}9.4mm$ and the mean distance between SH and CM was $232.2{\pm}21.8mm$. The minimum distance and the maximum distance between SH and DS were 34.8 mm and 93.9 mm respectively, and the minimum distance and the maximum distance between SH and CM were 155.0 mm and 284.0 mm respectively. In female patients, both the distances between the SH and DS, and between SH and CM were shorter when compared to those of the male patients(p<0.05). Both the distances between SH and DS and between SH and CM showed a significant correlation with height(p<0.01). The results of this study will provide a useful biometric data on the distances between SH and DS and between SH and CM in Korean in ensuring clinical safety and in the development of more effective catheterization techniques for epidural neuroplasty in Korean.