• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.133-150
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop a female entrepreneurial competency model. For the purpose, two Focus Group Interviews (FGI) were conducted with seven outstanding female entrepreneurs, and three expert reviews were conducted. In addition, in order to verify the validity of the provisional female entrepreneur competency model derived from the FGI and competency modeling expert review, the female entrepreneur competency model was finally confirmed through a survey of 442 female entrepreneurs. The results were as follows. First, a female entrepreneur competency model consisting of 6 competency groups and 25 competencies of entrepreneurship, emotion, business management, relationship management, strategic management, and multitasking, and 75 behavioral indicators describing each competency was developed. Second, sensibility and multitasking are competencies that reflect the characteristics of female entrepreneurs. In particular, 'social sense', which is the ability to be considerate of others in the emotional competency group and the ability to respond well to subtle nuances, and the multitasking competency group's unique strengths are women's ability to perform various tasks at the same time. The 'work-family control ability' of a female entrepreneur who maintains a balance between 'multi-tasking' and work and family is a representative competency of only female entrepreneurs. Third, the developed female entrepreneurship competency model is meaningful in that it not only increases female entrepreneurial competency so that prospective female entrepreneurs can successfully run a business through entrepreneurship education, but it also makes it easy for existing female entrepreneurs to reflect and improve their competencies. If we provide appropriate training programs to female entrepreneurs based on their competency, it will be possible to effectively enhance the entrepreneurial competency, which is the key to strengthening the competitiveness of female entrepreneurs. The female entrepreneur competency model developed through this study can provide a basis for future research on competency diagnosis and education needs analysis.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.33-50
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• 2022

While the number of female entrepreneurs has been increasing, and female entrepreneurship has been increasingly perceived as a driving force of sustainable economic development, there is a lack of studies of female entrepreneurship, particularly in the non-Western regions. This study aims to explore current levels of entrepreneurial competences of female college students in four Asian countries (i.e., Indonesia, Korea, Philippines, and Vietnam), differences in the competences between countries, and factors affecting their entrepreneurial competences. Using online surveys, the present study collected data from 516 female Asian college students and examined their entrepreneurial competences in six dimensions-entrepreneurship, sensibility, business management, relationship management, strategic management, and multi-tasking. This study also investigated effects of four variables (i.e., entrepreneurship course taking experiences, on-campus entrepreneurship experiences, off-campus entrepreneurship experiences, and entrepreneurial intentions) on the six aspects of entrepreneurial competences. Data analysis reveals that female Asian college students as a whole group possess quite high levels of entrepreneurial competences while the Filipino students show the biggest competence in all the six dimensions measured. As regards affecting factors, this study finds that, in the total sample, regression equations are significant in all the six dimensions of entrepreneurial competences. On-campus experiences have significantly positive effects on those six dimensions while course taking experiences and entrepreneurial intentions positively affect three different dimensions each. However, out-of-campus experiences turn out to be negative though their effects are insignificant. Meanwhile, in individual samples, different factors affect different dimensions of entrepreneurial competences. Based on these findings, the present study suggests some actions for promoting female entrepreneurship and for conducting future studies.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.71-76
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• 2022

본 논문의 연구 목적은 여성 창업활동에 영향을 미치는 여성창업가의 특성 요인을 다면적, 실증적으로 연구를 실시하여 도출하고, 이를 통해 지속가능한 여성창업의 활성화를 위한 이론적·실무적 인사이트를 제시하여 경쟁력 있는 여성 창업기업의 발굴 및 육성에 대한 제언을 궁극적으로 함에 있다. 이를 위해 여성창업활성화를 여성창업가의 특성과 역량을 파악하고자 심층 인터뷰를 토대로 탐색연구를 실시하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 8명의 여성창업가를 대상으로 한 심층 인터뷰를 통해서 창업태도(독립욕구, 개발욕구, 호의적여건), 창업진입률, 창업동기, 창업활동과 제약조건 등에 관한 주요 내용을 분석해 보았다. 연구의 독창성과 연구적 가치를 위해 여성 기업가, 창업가 8명을 심층인터뷰를 진행하였으며, 여성창업가의 보편적 특성을 객관적으로 확인코자 남성창업가 8명을 비교집단으로 심층인터뷰 진행하였다. 이를 통해 고성장, 고부가가치를 창출하는 벤처 창업생태계에서 수적 열세를 보이고 있는 여성의 창업활동 참여와 활성화를 위한 이론적, 실무적 인사이트를 제공하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.175-199
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• 2013

This study was to investigate working experience of poor female-headed families in social enterprise focusing on empowerment process. For this study, nine female-headed women were interviewed and the collected qualitative data were analyzed through phenomenological research method. Main results of this study provided eight main construct factors, such as the intersection of hope and unhappy, economic independence through being alone, finding myself strong and worthy, consciousness of horizontal bondage, trouble situation, professionalism and pride, capacity to problem solving and self-importance of contribution to society. Based on the results of this study, working experience of poor female-headed families in social enterprise was strengthened from personal level and relational level to social level. Therefore, various policies and practical programs should be prepared to improve empowerment of female-headed families in poverty working in social enterprise.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.175-180
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• 2022

최근 몇 년간 COVID19로 인한 팬데믹 상황과 전세계적으로 유례없는 인플레이션을 겪으면서 각종 산업 분야의 경기 불황으로 어려움을 겪고 있다. 미용 산업 분야도 예외가 아니다. 그 중에서도 특히 피부미용 업종은 실물 경기의 영향에 민감하게 반응하는 서비스산업 분야다. 고객을 직접 만나야만 이루어지는 피부미용업은 COVID19가 가져온 비대면 사회화 과정에 대책없이 충격을 받은 산업 분야라고 볼 수 있다. 불황 속에서도 산업이 성장하려면 지속적인 성장 강화 교육과 제도적 차원이 지원이 필요하다. 피부미용업 분야로 진출하는 여성의 대부분 생계를 위한 목적을 가지고 있지만 실제로 성공한 사례들은 보면 내재된 기업가 정신들을 함유하고 있을 것으로 보고 이에 대한 분석과 긍정심리자본 요소가 창업 성과를 높이고 지속할 수 있는지 알아보고 부족하다면 구성원들의 학습역량을 높이기 위한 다양한 노력이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 피부미용업 창업자에게 기업가 정신이 미치는 영향을 파악해보고 긍정심리자본 요소가 창업성과에 미치는 영향이 어느 정도 되는지 파악하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 연구대상의 피부미용업에 종사하는 창업자들로 기업가정신이 기업가정신이 긍정심리자본을 조절변수로 두었을 때 창업 성과에 영향을 미칠 것이라는 인과적 경로를 검증하고 이를 통한 피부미용업의 창업자들에게 창업과 성장을 위해서 필요한 교육이나 준비사항을 제안하고자 한다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to derive obstacle factors to 'high value vocational training' and to suggest development strategies. The training aims to solve the quantitative and qualitative problems of female employment by providing professional training in high value areas such as ICT, SW and knowledge service. To verify the training to meet these objectives, 48 processes operated in 2018 were analyzed and field monitoring was conducted. As a result of the analysis, problems were identified and improvements were derived in terms of learners management, training course design, field practice operation, and performance evaluation. Based on these results, researchers suggested four ways to develop high value vocational training. First, select learners based on combined talent and second, strengthen the project of linking enterprises and structured field practices. Third, establish a performance evaluation system of its own and manage performance and fourth, expand support for excellent training courses and provide consulting for course development. The results of this study are expected to be used as a reference for establishing policies for high value occupational training. In the future, quantitative research should be conducted to clarify the performance and problems.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.79-90
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• 2018

A wide range of challenges and obstacles still exist for "mumpreneurs" in creating or developing their business ventures. It is important to investigate the factors regarding why many mothers choose to become self-employed and partially abandon the benefits offered by traditional employment. This study focus on the individual, but an implied positive relationship also exits between motivational factors and mumpreneurs in Korea. Thus, four factors in this study - push, pull, environmental, and financial factor - raise the practical implications regarding the motivational factors of women entrepreneurial challenges in Korea. This study's findings also consider the nature and changes of Korean mumpreneurs' motivational factors, their challenges, and attitudes as business owners in Korean labor markets. This study's findings suggest that a combination of push and pull factors could similarly trigger new business ownership. The empirical contrast in such variables as motivations or barriers to mumpreneurship, in realities provide a superior understanding of women's tendency or willingness toward business creation, as they struggle to survive in the Korean labor market. They tend to start their own businesses to gain more responsibilities in both work and their families, and want to manage their own lives to contribute as capable members of society. Therefore, any Korean mother, regardless of any industry-specific experience, wants to use entrepreneurship as a shortcut to satisfy her need for self-fulfillment. The general motivational factors for becoming a mumpreneur exist among both external and internal situations. The circumstances beyond their control, such as job termination or unemployment, compel these mothers into the workforce due to their responsibility toward their families, but they simultaneously dream of self-achievement and development. Most mumpreneurs in Korea also want to demonstrate their potential and achieve societal recognition as well as increase in property.