• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of work-family conflict factors on depression in Korean married women. For the analysis of the research, we were used in the 5th year data of Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families. The subjects of this study were married women who were living with their husbands and wage workers, and the final analysis was 1,299. As a hierarchical regression analysis result, the work-family conflict of the working married women had a significant effect on depression. Especially, conflict from family to work has the highest effect on depression(${\beta}=.150$, p<0.01). This study suggests that traditional gender role pressures can have a negative impact on the mental health of working women. Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate social policy measures to alleviate work-family conflicts of married working women.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.36
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• pp.29-53
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• 2008

Being the most populated country in the world, China's one-child policy is its basic national policy. This basic national policy is implemented together with the Maternity Insurance, which is one of the five main social insurances in the Chinese society. The Maternity Insurance is society's way of recognizing women's contribution towards child- bearing and is of utmost important significance. However, with regard to women who are not living within the city or are not working, not only are they not the target for one-child policy, they are also unable to receive the social benefit from the Maternity Insurance. Among the conditions for payment of the Maternity Insurance is the adherence to the one-child policy. Ultimately, working women living in towns and cities adhering to the one-child policy will have a positive influence on the Maternity Insurance. However this places a restriction on reducing the discrepancies to benefit from the Maternity Insurance. On the contrary, women from the villages and those moving between towns and cities are those who really need the Maternity Insurance and yet are unable to benefit from it. While we improve on the Maternity Insurance to include this group of women, we have to at the same time consider the effect it has on the one-child policy. The reformation of the Maternity Insurance has to embody the principle of a harmonious society. It has to have a certain order in the country's national policies, so as to be included in the economic policies of towns and villages.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.161-182
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• 2002

The self-employment can provide work time flexibility. Work time flexibility would be a critical factor for married females' labor supply considering allocation of their time to market work and household work. This study used the 1998 and 2000 Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey for the empirical analyses. Applying the bivariate probit model with partial observability, this study analyzed factors related to the choice of participation in labor market and choice of self-employment. Also, this study examined the effects of marriage and the presence of younger children on changes in decisions related to labor supply using the multinomial logit model: exit from the labor market, increasing and decreasing work hours. The presence of the younger children showed a significantly negative effect on the participation in labor market while positive, but insignificant, effect on self-employment. Compared with females working for others, self-employers without employees and unpaid family workers are less likely to exit labor market rather than increasing work hours. The self-employment would be a good alternative to evade females' career interruption and therefore to enhance the potential human resources.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.277-306
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• 2017

This article empirically explores the impact of minijobs in the wake of the Hartz reform in Germany on women's employment relationship. Theoretically it is of great significance to examine whether the minijobs play an active role as a bridge in leading the minijobbers to regular, socially secured jobs or not. Several interviews as well as secondary data I could get during my sabbatical in 2015 were used to test the theory. One of the main findings was the fact that the minijob labor market opened doors wide for women in Germany, particularly for career-interrupted women, students or pensioners. However, the minijob can easily become a trap of lowest income and poverty for women. Most women minjobbers cannot go over to regular, socially secured jobs. Especially in terms of collective industrial relations, it considerably damages the power of industrial unions and the legal binding force of collective agreement. In conclusion, this study makes it clear that the labor market segmentation theory rather than the transitional labor market theory is valid in accounting for the reality of minijob in Germany. In other words, the minijob in Germany has a Toijan Horse Effect. It also suggests, from a practical viewpoint, that German industrial unions or works councils organize the minijobbers and that the coverage of collective agreements be extended to the minijobbers. Consequently, the time-selective part-timer model put into practice in Korea in 2014 is not only invalid but also undesirable.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.157-168
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to explore the rural women's labor by measuring labor value economically. To achieve the purpose, this study applied four methods : replacement cost method individual function, replacement cost method generalist, opportunity cost method and shadow wage method. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Time used for agricultural work and household work by with women were 5.3 hours and 3.8 hours each. 2) According to the methods used, the amounts of valuing rural women's labor were varied and ranged from 23,000 won to 43,000 won per day. This study might help recognize the degree of rural women's labor contribution to the household income of farm households and improve the socio-economic status of rural women through showing the productivity of the rural women's labor.

• Korean Journal of Social Issues
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-81
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• 2017

이 연구는 인천광역시 소재 사회복지시설에 근무하는 사회복지사 274명을 대상으로 2015년 5월 및 7월에 실시한 설문조사 결과 중 사회복지사들이 겪은 인권침해와 불이익 경험 여부 및 영향요인을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 이 연구는 인권침해는 상사나 동료 및 클라이언트의 폭언, 폭력, 성희롱의 경험으로, 불이익은 임금과 수당, 복리후생, 기관운영에서의 차별로 구분하였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 이 연구는 사회복지사가 여성일수록, 연령이 낮을수록, 기혼자일수록, 고용형태가 비정규직일수록, 근로시간은 길수록 인권침해와 불이익을 경험하게 되는 확률이 상대적으로 높으며, 대학원 이상의 학력 소지 사회복지사의 경우 불이익 경험 보다 인권침해 경험을 받을 가능성이 높은 것으로 확인하였다. 또한, 이 연구는 사회복지사들은 인권침해 경험에도 불구하고 직장 내에서 이를 문제로 제기한 경우는 10.3%에 불과한 것도 확인하였다. 전국 및 기초지자체 차원에서 사회복지사의 근로환경과 인권침해에 관한 조사연구가 있는 상황에서, 처음으로 광역지자체차원에서 이를 분석한 이 연구는 사회복지사의 인권침해와 불이익의 예방과 피해구제를 위한 적극적 조치가 필요하다는 의견도 제시하였다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.93-118
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• 2006

Family policy focusing on family-work linkage is characterized by family policy measures which are made up benefits in cash, leave policies and social infrastructure for child care. This study aims to identify gender ideology of german family policy. Based on diverse indicators, this study is tried to analyze characteristics of benefits in cash, leave policies and social infrastructure for child care in Germany. And then, as the results of policy - implementation the fertility rate and women employment rate are presented. In Germany, family policies have been reformed in order to better support working parents. In spite of diverse endeavors, the results of this study show that german family policy has limits to family-work linkage. Family benefits in cash has had no effect on increase in fertility and women employment because of its traditional gender ideology. Leave policy and social infrastructure have to be improved for better provision of public chid care.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.181-207
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to conduct a dynamic analysis of married women's return to the workforce following first childbirth. We have based our investigation on the data compiled by the KLIPS, where the workforce performance is the focal point of it's research, and by these materials, this study has analyzed the aspects of the factors that decide post-childbirth return to the workforce. We have applied the Cox Regression Hazard Model, where corroborative evidence are statistically applied. The following are the conclusions that were derived from this research: First, according to the study, academic background is a vital factor in reducing the gap and time of women's return to the workforce. Second, whether having active child-care after giving birth or not doubles the chances of women returning to the workforce. Third, if the pre-birth employment form was a wage-work and the rate of returning to the workforce was lower than the non-wage, relatively speaking, this reflects that the non-wage form of work, which provides a better possibility to return to the workforce after giving birth, could be another way to prevent women's career discontinuation.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.117-143
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• 2017

This study empirically analyzed the factors that intensify the unequal distribution of relational goods through the decomposition of relational gaps and the actual condition of relational goods. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, the average time for forming a relationship with family members or others is 158 minutes in 24 hours a day. Second, tobit regression analysis showed that relational goods time increased as they were employed, more family members, and ownership of their home. On the other hand, relational goods decreased when they were female, double-working, aged, divorced, and increased working time. The increase in household income decreased family relational goods, but increased the time with others. Based on the results of this analysis, this study proposed reduction of working time as a way to increase the happiness by sharing the relationship with meaningful people.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.677-688
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• 2022

Precarious employment is negatively associated with mental health including depression. The aim of the study is to suggest the multidimensional definition of precarious employment and examine its impacts on depression. Using the fifth save of the Korean Working Condition Survey, we first measured six different dimensions of employment precariousness: temporariness, disempowerment, vulnerability, difficulty exercising rights, unpredictability of working times, and low wage. All of six precariousness indicators consisted of a scale from 0 to 100. Then, we conducted logistic regression to examine the association between employment precariousness and depression. For men, the risk of depression increased by 3.1%, 1%, and 0.5%, respectively, for each one point increase in vulnerability, difficulty in exercising rights, and unpredictability of working times. For women, the risk increased by 0.5%, 2.3%, and 0.8%, respectively, for each one point increase in temporariness, vulnerability, and difficulty in exercising rights. Our findings suggest that not only a secure employment contract, but also their substantive labor rights should be guaranteed for health for workers.